Pub Date : 2017-09-14DOI: 10.2174/1876386301710010073
K. Malmir, N. Ghotbi, S. M. Mir, B. Moradi
Results: Two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant main effect of time for pain intensity, AROM and triple hop distance(P<0.05), and main effect of group for pain intensity and AROM(P<0.05), and interaction effects of group×time for pain intensity and AROM(P<0.05). Post hoc statistical tests showed that mean of pain intensity and AROM was changed by cryotherapy group(P<0.017).
{"title":"Comparing Effects of Cryotherapy and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Signs and Symptoms of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Amateur Athletes","authors":"K. Malmir, N. Ghotbi, S. M. Mir, B. Moradi","doi":"10.2174/1876386301710010073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301710010073","url":null,"abstract":"Results: Two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance showed a significant main effect of time for pain intensity, AROM and triple hop distance(P<0.05), and main effect of group for pain intensity and AROM(P<0.05), and interaction effects of group×time for pain intensity and AROM(P<0.05). Post hoc statistical tests showed that mean of pain intensity and AROM was changed by cryotherapy group(P<0.017).","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"73-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43852955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-15DOI: 10.2174/1876386301710010065
M. Schredl, Aline Kälberer, K. Zacharowski, M. Zimmermann
Conclusion: In patients, pain dreams might be instigated by actual pain whereas for healthy persons pain dreams might be pain memories (selfexperienced pain and/or seeing persons in pain). Future research should clarify how pain is processed during sleep. As patients with chronic pain experience negatively toned dreams, it will be beneficial to ask chronic pain patients about their dreams and, if necessary, offer specific treatment options like imagery rehearsal treatment.
{"title":"Pain dreams and dream emotions in patients with chronic back pain and healthy controls","authors":"M. Schredl, Aline Kälberer, K. Zacharowski, M. Zimmermann","doi":"10.2174/1876386301710010065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301710010065","url":null,"abstract":"Conclusion: In patients, pain dreams might be instigated by actual pain whereas for healthy persons pain dreams might be pain memories (selfexperienced pain and/or seeing persons in pain). Future research should clarify how pain is processed during sleep. As patients with chronic pain experience negatively toned dreams, it will be beneficial to ask chronic pain patients about their dreams and, if necessary, offer specific treatment options like imagery rehearsal treatment.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43164800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-31DOI: 10.2174/1876386301710010056
E. Efe, Derya Özcan, Şevkiye Dikmen, Nuray Altaş
INTRODUCTION There have been numerous pediatric postoperative pain management studies over the past 20 years, yet children continue to experience avoidable postoperative pain [1 3]. Recent studies suggest that postoperative pain in children is often poorly managed [4 7]. The reasons for this may include nurses’ undermedicating for postoperative pain despite adequate prescription, nurses’ inadequate pain assessment and monitoring, and inadequate use of other pain relief methods due to lack of time, knowledge, skills, and organizational support [8 11]. Some European investigators reported, that nurses frequently use these methods [12,13] and another study showed, that nurses rarely use these methods to relieve pain [14]. Research focused on nurses’ use of non-pharmacological methods for pediatric postoperative pain relief has increased in the recent years. However, research evidence seems to be inconsistent. Non-pharmacological methods in children’s pain management can be classified as sensory or physical, cognitive and cognitive-behavioural interventions.
{"title":"Turkish Pediatric Nurses’ Use of Non-Pharmacological Methods for Postoperative Pain Relief in 6 to 12 Year Old Children","authors":"E. Efe, Derya Özcan, Şevkiye Dikmen, Nuray Altaş","doi":"10.2174/1876386301710010056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301710010056","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION There have been numerous pediatric postoperative pain management studies over the past 20 years, yet children continue to experience avoidable postoperative pain [1 3]. Recent studies suggest that postoperative pain in children is often poorly managed [4 7]. The reasons for this may include nurses’ undermedicating for postoperative pain despite adequate prescription, nurses’ inadequate pain assessment and monitoring, and inadequate use of other pain relief methods due to lack of time, knowledge, skills, and organizational support [8 11]. Some European investigators reported, that nurses frequently use these methods [12,13] and another study showed, that nurses rarely use these methods to relieve pain [14]. Research focused on nurses’ use of non-pharmacological methods for pediatric postoperative pain relief has increased in the recent years. However, research evidence seems to be inconsistent. Non-pharmacological methods in children’s pain management can be classified as sensory or physical, cognitive and cognitive-behavioural interventions.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45876677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-21DOI: 10.2174/1876386301710010037
P. Farrow, K. Rowland
Received: January 26, 2017 Revised: May 17, 2017 Accepted: June 01, 2017 Abstract: Background: Our objective was to establish a novel, unbiased metric of inflammatory, orofacial pain. Method: Rats were placed individually into cages equipped with running wheels, and allowed an acclimation period of 17 days. Diurnal and nocturnal voluntary running behaviors were recorded. After day 17, rats were deeply anesthetized and divided into mustard oil, vehicle (mineral oil) and drug (ibuprofen) groups. Injections of mustard oil or mineral oil were made into the vestibule superior to the maxillary molar. Running wheel behavior was recorded for three days following the procedure. Results: After acclimation, the average percentage of running behavior that occurred at night was 94% +/-1% SE. Mustard oil injections caused externally observable, unilateral inflammation. On average, mustard oil injections significantly reduced nocturnal running on the first and second nocturnal periods post-injection. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, ibuprofen, significantly improved running behavior during the second nocturnal period, which was abolished when removed during the third nocturnal period. Conclusions: We conclude that unilateral injections of algogens in the vestibule coupled with analysis of nocturnal running behavior is an effective method to measure acute inflammatory pain for three days that mirrors many painful clinical situations. The model could be used as inexpensive, quantitative method to evaluate putative pain relieving therapeutics.
{"title":"Rat Running Wheel Behavior Reflects Inflammatory, Orofacial Pain","authors":"P. Farrow, K. Rowland","doi":"10.2174/1876386301710010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301710010037","url":null,"abstract":"Received: January 26, 2017 Revised: May 17, 2017 Accepted: June 01, 2017 Abstract: Background: Our objective was to establish a novel, unbiased metric of inflammatory, orofacial pain. Method: Rats were placed individually into cages equipped with running wheels, and allowed an acclimation period of 17 days. Diurnal and nocturnal voluntary running behaviors were recorded. After day 17, rats were deeply anesthetized and divided into mustard oil, vehicle (mineral oil) and drug (ibuprofen) groups. Injections of mustard oil or mineral oil were made into the vestibule superior to the maxillary molar. Running wheel behavior was recorded for three days following the procedure. Results: After acclimation, the average percentage of running behavior that occurred at night was 94% +/-1% SE. Mustard oil injections caused externally observable, unilateral inflammation. On average, mustard oil injections significantly reduced nocturnal running on the first and second nocturnal periods post-injection. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, ibuprofen, significantly improved running behavior during the second nocturnal period, which was abolished when removed during the third nocturnal period. Conclusions: We conclude that unilateral injections of algogens in the vestibule coupled with analysis of nocturnal running behavior is an effective method to measure acute inflammatory pain for three days that mirrors many painful clinical situations. The model could be used as inexpensive, quantitative method to evaluate putative pain relieving therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47251934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.2174/1876386301710010029
B. Faizal, S. Abraham
RESEARCH ARTICLE Study of Evaluation of Symptoms of Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis Prior to and After Sialendoscopy Bini Faizal, Sania Mariam Abraham and Krishnakumar T Clinical Professor, Department of ENT, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeedham, Kochi Clinical Professor, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeedham, Kochi
研究文章Sialendoscopy Bini Faizal、Sania Mariam Abraham和Krishnakumar T临床教授、Amrita医学科学研究所耳鼻喉科Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeedham、Kochi临床教授、头颈外科Amrita医疗科学研究所，高知
{"title":"Study of Evaluation of Symptoms of Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis Prior to and After Sialendoscopy","authors":"B. Faizal, S. Abraham","doi":"10.2174/1876386301710010029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301710010029","url":null,"abstract":"RESEARCH ARTICLE Study of Evaluation of Symptoms of Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis Prior to and After Sialendoscopy Bini Faizal, Sania Mariam Abraham and Krishnakumar T Clinical Professor, Department of ENT, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeedham, Kochi Clinical Professor, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeedham, Kochi","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.2174/1876386301710010022
L. A. Ávila, Eurides de Oliveira Pozetti, Gislaine Fusco Fares, R. M. C. Soubhia, Marília Capuço Oliveira, Andreia Yumi Tomiyasu
Received: December 30, 2016 Revised: May 10, 2017 Accepted: May 17, 2017 Abstract: Background: Pain is a complex phenomenon that implies pathophysiological processes and psychosocial components. A 56-year-old female patient complaining of pain and presenting with multiple mild physical signs was examined by a multidisciplinary team from the EarNose-Throat, Dermatology, Hematology, General Clinics, and Psychiatry and Psychology Departments. Objective: To present a significant case where pain is primarily caused by psychological conflicts. Method: A multidisciplinary approach, with medical and psychological interventions. Results: The patient was deeply convinced; she had been contaminated by leprosy. Her enrooted personal beliefs, including religion and moral conflicts, seem to be the primary cause for her putative ‘disease’, a condition that was not confirmed by exhaustive exams. Conclusion: Pain normally is related to several factors, including biological, psychological and cultural. Some complex cases should be investigated by a multidisciplinary team of specialists, in order to identify extra-physiological components.
{"title":"WHEN PAIN IS BEYOND BIOLOGY - A CASE OF FAKE LEPROSY","authors":"L. A. Ávila, Eurides de Oliveira Pozetti, Gislaine Fusco Fares, R. M. C. Soubhia, Marília Capuço Oliveira, Andreia Yumi Tomiyasu","doi":"10.2174/1876386301710010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301710010022","url":null,"abstract":"Received: December 30, 2016 Revised: May 10, 2017 Accepted: May 17, 2017 Abstract: Background: Pain is a complex phenomenon that implies pathophysiological processes and psychosocial components. A 56-year-old female patient complaining of pain and presenting with multiple mild physical signs was examined by a multidisciplinary team from the EarNose-Throat, Dermatology, Hematology, General Clinics, and Psychiatry and Psychology Departments. Objective: To present a significant case where pain is primarily caused by psychological conflicts. Method: A multidisciplinary approach, with medical and psychological interventions. Results: The patient was deeply convinced; she had been contaminated by leprosy. Her enrooted personal beliefs, including religion and moral conflicts, seem to be the primary cause for her putative ‘disease’, a condition that was not confirmed by exhaustive exams. Conclusion: Pain normally is related to several factors, including biological, psychological and cultural. Some complex cases should be investigated by a multidisciplinary team of specialists, in order to identify extra-physiological components.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1876386301710010014
Borja Mugabure Bujedo
Received: December 20, 2016 Revised: February 14, 2017 Accepted: February 17, 2017 Abstract: Background: Pruritus is a very disturbing secondary effect that appears after epidural or intrathecal administration of opioid drugs, especially in the management of postoperative pain. It is induced by the activation of mu opioid receptors and it can often be even more unpleasant than the pain being treated.
{"title":"Why do Pain Physicians Not Routinely Use Mixed Opioids for the Prevention of Neuraxial Opioid-induced Pruritus?","authors":"Borja Mugabure Bujedo","doi":"10.2174/1876386301710010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301710010014","url":null,"abstract":"Received: December 20, 2016 Revised: February 14, 2017 Accepted: February 17, 2017 Abstract: Background: Pruritus is a very disturbing secondary effect that appears after epidural or intrathecal administration of opioid drugs, especially in the management of postoperative pain. It is induced by the activation of mu opioid receptors and it can often be even more unpleasant than the pain being treated.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43604129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-23DOI: 10.2174/1876386301710010005
T. Pons, E. Shipton, J. Williman, R. Mulder
Physiotherapy is considered in pain medicine to be a key element in the management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). This is the first paper to document and categorise all physiotherapy intervention methods used as well as evaluate the outcomes of a case series of 18 CRPS patients attending physiotherapy in a prospective, longitudinal study across a region. Outcomes were measured across the region of the South Island of New Zealand over 1 year through independent telephonic interviewing of the pain experience with the McGill Pain Questionnaire-short form, function with Foot Function Index for the lower limb or Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand for the upper limb, and quality of life with the World Health Organisation Disability Schedule. Clinical records were accessed for each CRPS participant following discharge from physiotherapy to categorise the intervention methods used. Seventeen participants received intervention for both functional restoration with pain modulation and only one participant received functional restoration with no pain modulation; 12 also received immobilisation with 10 receiving passive interventions. All outcome measures improved significantly by 6 months and were maintained at 1 year. Eighty five percent had their diagnosis of CRPS confirmed within 3 months of their injury; half had fracture as the precipitating injury for their onset of CRPS with a third following soft tissue injury and 11% following surgery. Physiotherapists showed a high variation with the intervention methods used and showed a greater proportion of intervention methods focusing on functional restoration followed by pain modulating interventions. Future research is necessary to define what physiotherapy interventions are efficacious in the management of CRPS.
{"title":"Physiotherapy Interventions and the Outcomes for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Type 1 on the South Island of New Zealand – A Longitudinal, Prospective Case Series","authors":"T. Pons, E. Shipton, J. Williman, R. Mulder","doi":"10.2174/1876386301710010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301710010005","url":null,"abstract":"Physiotherapy is considered in pain medicine to be a key element in the management of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). This is the first paper to document and categorise all physiotherapy intervention methods used as well as evaluate the outcomes of a case series of 18 CRPS patients attending physiotherapy in a prospective, longitudinal study across a region. Outcomes were measured across the region of the South Island of New Zealand over 1 year through independent telephonic interviewing of the pain experience with the McGill Pain Questionnaire-short form, function with Foot Function Index for the lower limb or Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand for the upper limb, and quality of life with the World Health Organisation Disability Schedule. Clinical records were accessed for each CRPS participant following discharge from physiotherapy to categorise the intervention methods used. Seventeen participants received intervention for both functional restoration with pain modulation and only one participant received functional restoration with no pain modulation; 12 also received immobilisation with 10 receiving passive interventions. All outcome measures improved significantly by 6 months and were maintained at 1 year. Eighty five percent had their diagnosis of CRPS confirmed within 3 months of their injury; half had fracture as the precipitating injury for their onset of CRPS with a third following soft tissue injury and 11% following surgery. Physiotherapists showed a high variation with the intervention methods used and showed a greater proportion of intervention methods focusing on functional restoration followed by pain modulating interventions. Future research is necessary to define what physiotherapy interventions are efficacious in the management of CRPS.","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42350882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-28DOI: 10.2174/1876386301710010001
S. Neuwersch, M. Köstenberger, S. Sorschag, W. Ilias, R. Likar
LETTER Antimicrobial Activity of Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Mepivacaine and Ropivacaine on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis S. Neuwersch, M. Köstenberger, S. Sorschag, W. Ilias and R. Likar Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, General Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology, General Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria Vienna Private Clinic, Vienna, Austria
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of lidocaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine and ropivacaine on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis","authors":"S. Neuwersch, M. Köstenberger, S. Sorschag, W. Ilias, R. Likar","doi":"10.2174/1876386301710010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876386301710010001","url":null,"abstract":"LETTER Antimicrobial Activity of Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Mepivacaine and Ropivacaine on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis S. Neuwersch, M. Köstenberger, S. Sorschag, W. Ilias and R. Likar Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, General Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology, General Hospital Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria Vienna Private Clinic, Vienna, Austria","PeriodicalId":53614,"journal":{"name":"Open Pain Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44309206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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