Abstract This study suggests an approach for computing the specific energies of the internal heat sources in logs subjected to freezing. The approach maximally considers the physics of the freezing processes of both the free and the bound water in wood. It reflects the influence on the mentioned energies of the wood density above and below the hygroscopic range. It also considers the icing degrees formed separately by both the free and bound water in the logs, as well as the influence of the fiber saturation point of each wood species on its respective amount of non-frozen water depending on temperatures below 272.15 K. Mathematical descriptions of the specific heat energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw released in logs during free water freezing in the range from 0 °C to −1 °C and of the bound water below –1 °C, respectively, have been executed. These descriptions are introduced in own 2D non-linear mathematical model of the freezing process of logs. For the solution of the model and computation of the energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw, a software program based on the suggested approach and mathematical descriptions was prepared in FORTRAN, which was input into the calculation environment of Visual Fortran. With the aid of the program, computations were completed to determine the energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw and their sum, Qv-total of a beech log subjected to freezing. The beech log had a diameter of 0.24 m, a length of 0.48 m, an initial temperature of 20.5 °C, a basic density of 683 kg·m−3, and a moisture content of 0.48 kg·kg–1 during its 30 hours in a freezer at approximately −30 °C.
{"title":"An Approach for Computing the Heat Sources in Logs Subjected to Freezing","authors":"N. Deliiski, N. Tumbarkova","doi":"10.2478/aslh-2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study suggests an approach for computing the specific energies of the internal heat sources in logs subjected to freezing. The approach maximally considers the physics of the freezing processes of both the free and the bound water in wood. It reflects the influence on the mentioned energies of the wood density above and below the hygroscopic range. It also considers the icing degrees formed separately by both the free and bound water in the logs, as well as the influence of the fiber saturation point of each wood species on its respective amount of non-frozen water depending on temperatures below 272.15 K. Mathematical descriptions of the specific heat energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw released in logs during free water freezing in the range from 0 °C to −1 °C and of the bound water below –1 °C, respectively, have been executed. These descriptions are introduced in own 2D non-linear mathematical model of the freezing process of logs. For the solution of the model and computation of the energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw, a software program based on the suggested approach and mathematical descriptions was prepared in FORTRAN, which was input into the calculation environment of Visual Fortran. With the aid of the program, computations were completed to determine the energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw and their sum, Qv-total of a beech log subjected to freezing. The beech log had a diameter of 0.24 m, a length of 0.48 m, an initial temperature of 20.5 °C, a basic density of 683 kg·m−3, and a moisture content of 0.48 kg·kg–1 during its 30 hours in a freezer at approximately −30 °C.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"50 1","pages":"35 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87077717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract During our research we utilized data provided by GPS collars to compare the spatial patterns of wild boars living in lowland and high-hilly regions. Five wild boars were fitted with GPS Plus (Vectronic) type collars. The two aforementioned investigated habitat areas were as follows: a high-hilly hunting ground from the foot of the Bodoc Mountains (Covasna County), and the meeting point of Olt and Danube rivers in the southern part of the country (Teleorman County). The average daily wild boar activity varied between 2.9 and 3.1 km in the lowlands and between 3.6 and 4.9 km in the higher situated habitats. The average daily movement area calculated with the minimum convex polygon method was between 60.3 and 112.5 ha/day in the lowlands and between 113.5 and 125.2 ha/day in the high-hilly regions. The movement area of the wild boars calculated with the MCP method varied between 1,060 and 1,2001 hectares in lowlands and between 8,689 and 9,463 hectares in higher altitudes. Our data proved inadequate at testing whether or not large carnivores affect wild boar activity patterns. Habitat use analysis produced interesting results: even in a very diverse habitat, every collared individual preferred green forests. We found negative preference for agricultural fields in both habitats.
本研究利用GPS项圈提供的数据，比较了低地和高丘陵区野猪的空间格局。5只野猪安装了GPS Plus (Vectronic)型项圈。上述调查的两个栖息地如下:博多克山脚下的高丘陵狩猎场(科瓦斯纳县)和该国南部的奥尔特河和多瑙河交汇处(泰奥曼县)。低海拔地区野猪的平均日活动在2.9至3.1公里之间，高海拔地区野猪的平均日活动在3.6至4.9公里之间。最小凸多边形法计算的平均日移动面积在低洼地区为60.3 ~ 112.5 ha/d，高丘陵区为113.5 ~ 125.2 ha/d。用MCP方法计算的野猪活动面积在低海拔地区为1,060至1,2001公顷，在高海拔地区为8,689至9,463公顷。在测试大型食肉动物是否会影响野猪的活动模式时，我们的数据被证明是不充分的。栖息地利用分析产生了有趣的结果:即使在一个非常多样化的栖息地，每个项圈的个体都喜欢绿色的森林。我们发现两种生境对农田的偏好均为负。
{"title":"Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Home Range and Habitat Use in Two Romanian Habitats","authors":"Ferenc Jánoska, A. Farkas, M. Marosán, J. Fodor","doi":"10.2478/aslh-2018-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2018-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During our research we utilized data provided by GPS collars to compare the spatial patterns of wild boars living in lowland and high-hilly regions. Five wild boars were fitted with GPS Plus (Vectronic) type collars. The two aforementioned investigated habitat areas were as follows: a high-hilly hunting ground from the foot of the Bodoc Mountains (Covasna County), and the meeting point of Olt and Danube rivers in the southern part of the country (Teleorman County). The average daily wild boar activity varied between 2.9 and 3.1 km in the lowlands and between 3.6 and 4.9 km in the higher situated habitats. The average daily movement area calculated with the minimum convex polygon method was between 60.3 and 112.5 ha/day in the lowlands and between 113.5 and 125.2 ha/day in the high-hilly regions. The movement area of the wild boars calculated with the MCP method varied between 1,060 and 1,2001 hectares in lowlands and between 8,689 and 9,463 hectares in higher altitudes. Our data proved inadequate at testing whether or not large carnivores affect wild boar activity patterns. Habitat use analysis produced interesting results: even in a very diverse habitat, every collared individual preferred green forests. We found negative preference for agricultural fields in both habitats.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"1 1","pages":"51 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82359685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Frýdl, J. Dostal, František Beran, J. Čáp, M. Fulín, J. Frampton, G. Božič, C. Mátyás
Abstract The growth of seven exotic true fir (Abies) species and native Abies alba have been compared in three provenance trials in the Czech Republic, at the relatively advanced ages of 44, 38, and 35 years respectively. A clear differentiation is observable between the species. The closely related species group of A. alba and A. cephalonica appears rather heterogeneous in its phenotypic behavior. A. alba provenances show superiority, but also a high differentiation. Productivity of provenances of A. cephalonica fall behind A. alba; however A. cilicica and A. pinsapo provenances have shown total mortality. The high potential of A. grandis is confirmed by outstanding growth; provenances from the coastal plain in Washington State performed best. A. procera grows slower than A. grandis, but still faster than A. alba provenances. Health risks, extreme ecologic distances of transfer, trend shifts of growth rate, and rank change with age are uncertainties that require necessary caution when selecting provenances for importation. In recent years, public and institutional perceptions concerning the introduction of non-native tree species and provenances has shifted, and the practice is no longer seen as necessarily inappropriate.
{"title":"Exotic Abies Species in Czech Provenance Trials: Assessment after Four Decades","authors":"J. Frýdl, J. Dostal, František Beran, J. Čáp, M. Fulín, J. Frampton, G. Božič, C. Mátyás","doi":"10.2478/aslh-2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The growth of seven exotic true fir (Abies) species and native Abies alba have been compared in three provenance trials in the Czech Republic, at the relatively advanced ages of 44, 38, and 35 years respectively. A clear differentiation is observable between the species. The closely related species group of A. alba and A. cephalonica appears rather heterogeneous in its phenotypic behavior. A. alba provenances show superiority, but also a high differentiation. Productivity of provenances of A. cephalonica fall behind A. alba; however A. cilicica and A. pinsapo provenances have shown total mortality. The high potential of A. grandis is confirmed by outstanding growth; provenances from the coastal plain in Washington State performed best. A. procera grows slower than A. grandis, but still faster than A. alba provenances. Health risks, extreme ecologic distances of transfer, trend shifts of growth rate, and rank change with age are uncertainties that require necessary caution when selecting provenances for importation. In recent years, public and institutional perceptions concerning the introduction of non-native tree species and provenances has shifted, and the practice is no longer seen as necessarily inappropriate.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"25 1","pages":"34 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84873794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Knowledge of hygroscopicity is extremely important both in the use of native wood and modified wood. In this study, the modification method was steaming at 100 °C, then longitudinal compression at a rate of 20%. The moisture content (MC) of treated and untreated green beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) was reduced in a climate chamber with gradual reduction of air humidity at 20 °C. The difference of calculated fibre saturation points between control samples and samples compressed for a long time was 6% (MC%). In the course of desorption, this difference decreased, and finally disappeared at 10% moisture content (40% relative humidity). In the second step of the research work, the speed of vapour adsorption was checked. The absolute dry samples were placed in air with 95% relative humidity. The highest deviation in the moisture content was 1% (MC%) between the control and the compressed samples. The compressed wood dries faster than the control samples under the same conditions. Furthermore, during adsorption, the moisture content of the compressed samples at room conditions is lower.
{"title":"Hygroscopicity of Longitudinally Compressed Wood","authors":"M. Báder, R. Németh","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2017-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Knowledge of hygroscopicity is extremely important both in the use of native wood and modified wood. In this study, the modification method was steaming at 100 °C, then longitudinal compression at a rate of 20%. The moisture content (MC) of treated and untreated green beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) was reduced in a climate chamber with gradual reduction of air humidity at 20 °C. The difference of calculated fibre saturation points between control samples and samples compressed for a long time was 6% (MC%). In the course of desorption, this difference decreased, and finally disappeared at 10% moisture content (40% relative humidity). In the second step of the research work, the speed of vapour adsorption was checked. The absolute dry samples were placed in air with 95% relative humidity. The highest deviation in the moisture content was 1% (MC%) between the control and the compressed samples. The compressed wood dries faster than the control samples under the same conditions. Furthermore, during adsorption, the moisture content of the compressed samples at room conditions is lower.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"3 1","pages":"135 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87772181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this paper is to show how hydrological measurements made in forests and grasslands can contribute to the conservation treatment of ecologically significant habitats. The study was carried out in three different forest stands and their surrounding grasslands in the area of the Kiskunság National Park Directorate between 2012 and 2015. Different methods were applied during the research of the water balance. The average values of canopy interception were 23% in the Scots pine stand and 19.2% in the grey poplar stand. Rainfall quantity, intensity, and dispersion as well as tree structure and health greatly influenced interception. The transpiration values were 205 mm in the coniferous stand, 405 mm in the deciduous stand, and 370 mm in the black locust stand. The water balance of the habitats show that the water uptake is much lower in the grasslands than it is in the surrounding forest stands.
{"title":"Monitoring of the Hydrological Balance in the Area of the Kiskunság National Park Directorate","authors":"Bence Bolla, T. Németh","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2017-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to show how hydrological measurements made in forests and grasslands can contribute to the conservation treatment of ecologically significant habitats. The study was carried out in three different forest stands and their surrounding grasslands in the area of the Kiskunság National Park Directorate between 2012 and 2015. Different methods were applied during the research of the water balance. The average values of canopy interception were 23% in the Scots pine stand and 19.2% in the grey poplar stand. Rainfall quantity, intensity, and dispersion as well as tree structure and health greatly influenced interception. The transpiration values were 205 mm in the coniferous stand, 405 mm in the deciduous stand, and 370 mm in the black locust stand. The water balance of the habitats show that the water uptake is much lower in the grasslands than it is in the surrounding forest stands.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"5 1","pages":"111 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75751754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The increasing demand for forest products, diminishing forest land areas, and general concern about the long-term effects of deforestation have increased the need for multipurpose tree species with rapid growth rates. Consequently, information on renewable energy resources is becoming increasingly crucial, and forest biomass determination is becoming a significant part of forestry. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a fast growing, nitrogen fixing, stress tolerant species with durable and high quality wood that can be used for many purposes including wall panelling; vine props; furniture; pulp and paper; animal feed stock; bee forage; and biomass energy. This article presents the above-ground biomass of black locust, both for individual trees and for stands. Information concerning wet and absolute dry wood for stem, merchantable (d1.3 > 5 cm) and small (d 1.3 < 5 cm) wood, and for other tree parts (foliage, bark) for individual trees and for black locust stands are detailed in dendromass tables by six yield classes.
{"title":"Above-Ground Biomass of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Trees and Stands","authors":"K. Rédei, J. Gál, Z. Keserű, B. Antal","doi":"10.1515/ASLH-2017-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ASLH-2017-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increasing demand for forest products, diminishing forest land areas, and general concern about the long-term effects of deforestation have increased the need for multipurpose tree species with rapid growth rates. Consequently, information on renewable energy resources is becoming increasingly crucial, and forest biomass determination is becoming a significant part of forestry. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a fast growing, nitrogen fixing, stress tolerant species with durable and high quality wood that can be used for many purposes including wall panelling; vine props; furniture; pulp and paper; animal feed stock; bee forage; and biomass energy. This article presents the above-ground biomass of black locust, both for individual trees and for stands. Information concerning wet and absolute dry wood for stem, merchantable (d1.3 > 5 cm) and small (d 1.3 < 5 cm) wood, and for other tree parts (foliage, bark) for individual trees and for black locust stands are detailed in dendromass tables by six yield classes.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"151 1","pages":"113 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77588975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Fossil fuel depletion has led to an increasing number of research studies and applications focusing on renewable energy, such as different types of biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass represents an abundant source of biomass suitable for energy production in various forms. The present research investigates the application possibility of pedunculate oak bark (Quercus petrea (Matt.) Liebl.) for the production of biogas via anaerobic digestion. This research has significant novelty, as only a few examples on the utilization of tree bark wastes for the production of biogas can be found in the scientific literature. One of the key factors of increasing biogas yield is the efficient hydrolysis of the basic material, which is achieved by different pretreatment methods. In this study, oak bark was pretreated by microwave energy, by extraction, and by the combination of these two methods. The semi-continuous thermophylic anaerobic digestion of untreated oak bark resulted a 76.3 ml/g volatile solid specific methane yield over a 50-day period, which was not significantly lower than methane yield gained from pretreated basic material. Results indicated that oak bark is suitable for the production of biogas even without the application of the investigated pretreatment techniques. As extraction of oak bark does not impair biogas production, the complex biorefinery utilization of oak bark in the form of extraction bark polyphenols and the subsequent anaerobic fermentation of lignocellulosic residue can be accomplished in the future.
{"title":"Utilization of Oak (Quercus petreae (Matt.) Liebl.) Bark for Anaerobic Digested Biogas Production","authors":"Ádám Nándor Makk, T. Rétfalvi, T. Hofmann","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2017-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fossil fuel depletion has led to an increasing number of research studies and applications focusing on renewable energy, such as different types of biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass represents an abundant source of biomass suitable for energy production in various forms. The present research investigates the application possibility of pedunculate oak bark (Quercus petrea (Matt.) Liebl.) for the production of biogas via anaerobic digestion. This research has significant novelty, as only a few examples on the utilization of tree bark wastes for the production of biogas can be found in the scientific literature. One of the key factors of increasing biogas yield is the efficient hydrolysis of the basic material, which is achieved by different pretreatment methods. In this study, oak bark was pretreated by microwave energy, by extraction, and by the combination of these two methods. The semi-continuous thermophylic anaerobic digestion of untreated oak bark resulted a 76.3 ml/g volatile solid specific methane yield over a 50-day period, which was not significantly lower than methane yield gained from pretreated basic material. Results indicated that oak bark is suitable for the production of biogas even without the application of the investigated pretreatment techniques. As extraction of oak bark does not impair biogas production, the complex biorefinery utilization of oak bark in the form of extraction bark polyphenols and the subsequent anaerobic fermentation of lignocellulosic residue can be accomplished in the future.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"4 1","pages":"125 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90991931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We examined the light sources and illuminated environments in Sopron’s public areas and studied the impact they had on the composition of macrolepidopteran moth communities. We employed light traps with three different light sources in three differently illuminated environments (seminatural, transitional, urban) on 60 occasions during the summer period of 2012-2013 and 20 times in the seminatural area in the spring and autumn of 2014. In the first two years, we evaluated the number of individuals; in year three, we evaluated the number of species. In the first two years, the high-pressure sodium light in the seminatural site trapped the largest number of nocturnal lepidopteran specimens (2,569), while the mixed HMLI light trapped the most individuals in the transitional (1,098) and urban (822) areas. Based on the average number of individuals the first two years, we compared the locations and light sources. In terms of average number of specimens collected, significant differences emerged between two light sources and two locations. When we completed the species diversity index, we determined the compact fluorescent tube in spring and the high-pressure sodium light in the autumn showed the greatest values.
{"title":"The Effect of Artificial Lights on Nocturnal Macrolepidoptera (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) Communities","authors":"Edit Nagy Pintérné, Zoltán Pödör","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2017-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We examined the light sources and illuminated environments in Sopron’s public areas and studied the impact they had on the composition of macrolepidopteran moth communities. We employed light traps with three different light sources in three differently illuminated environments (seminatural, transitional, urban) on 60 occasions during the summer period of 2012-2013 and 20 times in the seminatural area in the spring and autumn of 2014. In the first two years, we evaluated the number of individuals; in year three, we evaluated the number of species. In the first two years, the high-pressure sodium light in the seminatural site trapped the largest number of nocturnal lepidopteran specimens (2,569), while the mixed HMLI light trapped the most individuals in the transitional (1,098) and urban (822) areas. Based on the average number of individuals the first two years, we compared the locations and light sources. In terms of average number of specimens collected, significant differences emerged between two light sources and two locations. When we completed the species diversity index, we determined the compact fluorescent tube in spring and the high-pressure sodium light in the autumn showed the greatest values.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"47 1","pages":"41 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87476023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One of the greatest challenges of continuous cover forest management is to find a suitable gap size in a given forest stand that will help the regeneration of economically significant tree species, and possibly control competitor species. This paper summarizes the results of a two-year intensive mapping of various bearing artificial gaps at two sites in western Hungary: a sessile-oak-hornbeam and a Turkey oak forest. Light conditions and soil moisture were measured in the gaps as abiotic variables. Hemispherical photography and a Field Scout TDR 300 Soil Moisture Meter were used. Vegetation cover as well as quantity and height of the regeneration were measured as biotic variables. There are significant differences between the middle of a gap and the closed canopy forest stands. The maximum light intensity below the canopy shows a slight northward dislocation. Correlation analysis results showed that a gap’s slight, northward irradiation surplus effected soil moisture, regeneration heights, and total vegetation cover less than a gap’s real shape and size, ergo, its openness did.
{"title":"Light Conditions, Soil Moisture, and Vegetation Cover in Artificial Forest Gaps in Western Hungary","authors":"T. Kollár","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2017-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One of the greatest challenges of continuous cover forest management is to find a suitable gap size in a given forest stand that will help the regeneration of economically significant tree species, and possibly control competitor species. This paper summarizes the results of a two-year intensive mapping of various bearing artificial gaps at two sites in western Hungary: a sessile-oak-hornbeam and a Turkey oak forest. Light conditions and soil moisture were measured in the gaps as abiotic variables. Hemispherical photography and a Field Scout TDR 300 Soil Moisture Meter were used. Vegetation cover as well as quantity and height of the regeneration were measured as biotic variables. There are significant differences between the middle of a gap and the closed canopy forest stands. The maximum light intensity below the canopy shows a slight northward dislocation. Correlation analysis results showed that a gap’s slight, northward irradiation surplus effected soil moisture, regeneration heights, and total vegetation cover less than a gap’s real shape and size, ergo, its openness did.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"48 1","pages":"25 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79359974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper analyses the complex economic models of continuous cover forestry based on the ‘Dauerwald’ principles in the early transformation period and in the traditional rotation system both in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) stands in central Hungarian study sites. The analysis was carried out on both the stand and estate-levels, and the performances were compared as well. We found that continuous cover forest management (CCF) can achieve at least the same economic efficiency as traditional rotation forest management (RF) in both beech and in Turkey oak stands. The regeneration problems occurring in poor quality sites in Turkey oak stands made visible the economic differences between the two management systems investigated.
{"title":"Economic Assessment of European Beech and Turkey Oak Stands with Close-to-Nature Forest Management","authors":"Péter Csépányi, Attila Csór","doi":"10.1515/aslh-2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper analyses the complex economic models of continuous cover forestry based on the ‘Dauerwald’ principles in the early transformation period and in the traditional rotation system both in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Turkey oak (Quercus cerris L.) stands in central Hungarian study sites. The analysis was carried out on both the stand and estate-levels, and the performances were compared as well. We found that continuous cover forest management (CCF) can achieve at least the same economic efficiency as traditional rotation forest management (RF) in both beech and in Turkey oak stands. The regeneration problems occurring in poor quality sites in Turkey oak stands made visible the economic differences between the two management systems investigated.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"74 1","pages":"24 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76786307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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