Ivett Margit Hegedűs, Sándor Bordács, Dénes Bartha
This study examined micromorphological traits on the abaxial surface of leaves using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to compare pedunculate oak and greyish oak taxa close-up. We selected a pedunculate oak population in Hungary and greyish oak population in Romania. The study randomly selected trees over 100 years old from these populations to investigate the differences between the two taxa based on leaf micromorphological characteristics. We focused mainly on indumentum because observing trichomes can be used in practice. Variation was found in trichome types, trichome-ray lengths, and stomata extent and shape. Stellate and fasciculate trichomes were absent on pedunculate oak leaves and densely developed on greyish oak leaves. The average length of the simple-uniseriate trichomes of pedunculate oak was 49.45 μm and 61.96 μm in greyish oak. On average, stomata surfaces on pedunculate oak leaves were 513.09 μm2 and 440.28 μm2 on greyish oak leaves. The study found no variation in epicuticular wax layer type. Despite the small sample size, in comparing the two populations, we found that the two taxa were distinguishable based on trichome types, and we believe that forestry practice could utilise this trait.
{"title":"Comparative Studies on Leaf Micromorphology of the Abaxial Surface of Quercus robur L. subsp. robur and Quercus robur L. subsp. pedunculiflora (K. KOCH) MENITSKY","authors":"Ivett Margit Hegedűs, Sándor Bordács, Dénes Bartha","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined micromorphological traits on the abaxial surface of leaves using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to compare pedunculate oak and greyish oak taxa close-up. We selected a pedunculate oak population in Hungary and greyish oak population in Romania. The study randomly selected trees over 100 years old from these populations to investigate the differences between the two taxa based on leaf micromorphological characteristics. We focused mainly on indumentum because observing trichomes can be used in practice. Variation was found in trichome types, trichome-ray lengths, and stomata extent and shape. Stellate and fasciculate trichomes were absent on pedunculate oak leaves and densely developed on greyish oak leaves. The average length of the simple-uniseriate trichomes of pedunculate oak was 49.45 μm and 61.96 μm in greyish oak. On average, stomata surfaces on pedunculate oak leaves were 513.09 μm2 and 440.28 μm2 on greyish oak leaves. The study found no variation in epicuticular wax layer type. Despite the small sample size, in comparing the two populations, we found that the two taxa were distinguishable based on trichome types, and we believe that forestry practice could utilise this trait.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the DAS forest model (Distributions Applied on Stands model), a forest stand-based model suitable for projecting standing volume, increment, harvest, and carbon sequestration on the stand, regional, or country levels. The forest subcompartment is the modelling unit of the DAS model, which uses National Forestry Database (NFD) data, including geospatial data. The model is suitable for further processing spatially explicit input parameters such as climate change forecasts. The model output is also georeferenced and can be further processed using GIS software. The model handles the data of approximately 600,000 forest subcompartments. Data on tree species, origin, age, growing stock, increment etc. of each subcompartment are stored in “tree-species rows”, which are the sub-units of the model. The DAS model simultaneously processes the data of 1.2 million tree species rows and describes their development in time. It uses parameters based on the actual processes of the reference period. It also uses empiric cutting age distributions and a regeneration matrix derived from historic NFD data. The ForestLab project (TKP2021-NKTA-43) is currently engaged in the re-parametrization of the model based on 2016–2021 data. This study discusses the functions of the harvesting ratio distribution in the modelling process and in determining the subcompartments selected for harvest. The paper presents the latest results regarding the 2016–2021 cutting age distributions and the preparation of the new set of species-specific and yield class-specific average harvesting ratio distributions.
本文介绍了 DAS 森林模型（Distributions Applied on Stands model），这是一个基于林分的模型，适用于预测林分、地区或国家层面的立木蓄积量、增量、采伐量和碳汇。森林分区是 DAS 模型的建模单元，它使用国家林业数据库（NFD）数据，包括地理空间数据。该模型适用于进一步处理空间显式输入参数，如气候变化预测。该模型的输出也有地理坐标，可使用地理信息系统软件进一步处理。该模型可处理约 600,000 个森林分区的数据。每个子单元的树种、原产地、树龄、生长量、增量等数据都存储在 "树种行 "中，"树种行 "是模型的子单元。DAS 模型可同时处理 120 万个树种行的数据，并及时描述其发展情况。它使用的参数是基于参照期的实际过程。它还使用了根据经验得出的砍伐年龄分布和从历史 NFD 数据中得出的再生矩阵。ForestLab 项目（TKP2021-NKTA-43）目前正在根据 2016-2021 年的数据对模型进行重新参数化。本研究讨论了采伐比分布在建模过程中以及在确定所选采伐分区方面的功能。论文介绍了 2016-2021 年伐龄分布的最新结果，以及新的特定物种和特定产量等级平均采伐比分布的编制情况。
{"title":"The Re-parametrization of the DAS Model Based on 2016-2021 Data of the National Forestry Database: New Results on Cutting Age Distributions","authors":"P. Kottek, Éva Király, Tamás Mertl, A. Borovics","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the DAS forest model (Distributions Applied on Stands model), a forest stand-based model suitable for projecting standing volume, increment, harvest, and carbon sequestration on the stand, regional, or country levels. The forest subcompartment is the modelling unit of the DAS model, which uses National Forestry Database (NFD) data, including geospatial data. The model is suitable for further processing spatially explicit input parameters such as climate change forecasts. The model output is also georeferenced and can be further processed using GIS software. The model handles the data of approximately 600,000 forest subcompartments. Data on tree species, origin, age, growing stock, increment etc. of each subcompartment are stored in “tree-species rows”, which are the sub-units of the model. The DAS model simultaneously processes the data of 1.2 million tree species rows and describes their development in time. It uses parameters based on the actual processes of the reference period. It also uses empiric cutting age distributions and a regeneration matrix derived from historic NFD data. The ForestLab project (TKP2021-NKTA-43) is currently engaged in the re-parametrization of the model based on 2016–2021 data. This study discusses the functions of the harvesting ratio distribution in the modelling process and in determining the subcompartments selected for harvest. The paper presents the latest results regarding the 2016–2021 cutting age distributions and the preparation of the new set of species-specific and yield class-specific average harvesting ratio distributions.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
István Fekete, Jayanta Banerjee, Suddhasanta De, Jutka Nmar-Kendöl
Attitudes toward using wood as a raw material vary greatly, from anti-logging and anti-felling propaganda to the propagation of wood use. This study examines attitudes toward wood, trees, and sustainable forest management in two distinct cultures – India and Hungary. Our questionnaire survey findings indicate that sustainable forest management is considered more important in India than in Hungary and that environmental education is more widespread in India (40 %) than in Hungary (19 %). Over 30 % of people in both countries do not plan to keep wood-related traditions or customs. Indian students lean more toward discontinuing the wide use of wood than Hungarian students do. However, anti-logging/anti-felling propaganda is more widespread in Hungary (85 %) than in India (62 %). Passing wooden tools to the next generation shows a decreasing trend, which is significant from a carbon sequestration, carbon storage perspective, and climate protection. The study findings suggest that keeping wood-related traditions and customs should be strengthened in both countries through environmental education.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Hungarian and Indian University Students’ Attitudes Toward Forestry","authors":"István Fekete, Jayanta Banerjee, Suddhasanta De, Jutka Nmar-Kendöl","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Attitudes toward using wood as a raw material vary greatly, from anti-logging and anti-felling propaganda to the propagation of wood use. This study examines attitudes toward wood, trees, and sustainable forest management in two distinct cultures – India and Hungary. Our questionnaire survey findings indicate that sustainable forest management is considered more important in India than in Hungary and that environmental education is more widespread in India (40 %) than in Hungary (19 %). Over 30 % of people in both countries do not plan to keep wood-related traditions or customs. Indian students lean more toward discontinuing the wide use of wood than Hungarian students do. However, anti-logging/anti-felling propaganda is more widespread in Hungary (85 %) than in India (62 %). Passing wooden tools to the next generation shows a decreasing trend, which is significant from a carbon sequestration, carbon storage perspective, and climate protection. The study findings suggest that keeping wood-related traditions and customs should be strengthened in both countries through environmental education.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several studies have discussed the growth of poplar short rotation coppices (SRC). Soil characteristics have a large effect on the yields of sites with no access to surplus water sources – especially on their physical and chemical properties contributing to water storage, all of which limit growth. We conducted our research on a fourth rotation plantation established with two different poplar clones (‘AF2’ and ‘Kopecky’) on a site without groundwater in the rooting zone to describe the influence of topography and soil parameters on biomass production. For both hybrids, 5–5 sample areas were planted. Systematic soil sampling, a tree inventory, and a destructive tree survey were completed to provide an equation of site and clone specific biomass estimation. Our results revealed that the shallower, eroded areas presented low-yield patches, particularly when compared to the parts with deeper rooting zones and soil richer in mineral and organic colloids. The amount of the plant available water, pH value, organic matter content, and CaCO3 content have the most significant effect on growth. No meaningful growth difference emerged between the two clones. The previously mentioned soil properties greatly influence tree growth on sites with no direct access to the groundwater; therefore, a detailed site description is indispensable for plantation planting.
{"title":"Influence of Soil Characteristics on the Growth of Poplar Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) under Suboptimal Conditions","authors":"Dávid Heilig, G. Kovacs, B. Heil","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have discussed the growth of poplar short rotation coppices (SRC). Soil characteristics have a large effect on the yields of sites with no access to surplus water sources – especially on their physical and chemical properties contributing to water storage, all of which limit growth. We conducted our research on a fourth rotation plantation established with two different poplar clones (‘AF2’ and ‘Kopecky’) on a site without groundwater in the rooting zone to describe the influence of topography and soil parameters on biomass production. For both hybrids, 5–5 sample areas were planted. Systematic soil sampling, a tree inventory, and a destructive tree survey were completed to provide an equation of site and clone specific biomass estimation. Our results revealed that the shallower, eroded areas presented low-yield patches, particularly when compared to the parts with deeper rooting zones and soil richer in mineral and organic colloids. The amount of the plant available water, pH value, organic matter content, and CaCO3 content have the most significant effect on growth. No meaningful growth difference emerged between the two clones. The previously mentioned soil properties greatly influence tree growth on sites with no direct access to the groundwater; therefore, a detailed site description is indispensable for plantation planting.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84888946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe mechanical damage from frost and ice on trees occurred in the Börzsöny Mountains in Northern Hungary during 1–2 December 2014. The frost and ice affected 10,000 hectares overall; however, the two examined valleys suffered conspicuously different extents of damage. While the Rakottyás Valley study area had severe damage, the Pogány-Rózsás Forest Reserve suffered only moderate damage. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) and a field survey were utilised to assess the damage. Digital Surface Modell (DSM), Digital Terrain Model (DTM), and Normalised Digital Surface Modell (nDSM) were calculated from the dense point cloud in 3D. Elevation, slope and aspect were derived to describe site conditions. Damage thresholds were set for the ALS data (tree height < 5 m) and the ground-based damage (frequency > 90%). These were compared in a confusion matrix on a pixel scale, which showed partial agreement due to different sampling methods and ranges but also indicated that Rakottyás was more damaged (54.35% of the area) than Pogány-Rózsás (36.7%). The Total Accuracy was 0.54.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Ice Break Damage in Two Börzsöny Mountain Valleys in Hungary in 2014 Based on Airborne Laser Scanning","authors":"T. Molnár, G. Király","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Severe mechanical damage from frost and ice on trees occurred in the Börzsöny Mountains in Northern Hungary during 1–2 December 2014. The frost and ice affected 10,000 hectares overall; however, the two examined valleys suffered conspicuously different extents of damage. While the Rakottyás Valley study area had severe damage, the Pogány-Rózsás Forest Reserve suffered only moderate damage. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) and a field survey were utilised to assess the damage. Digital Surface Modell (DSM), Digital Terrain Model (DTM), and Normalised Digital Surface Modell (nDSM) were calculated from the dense point cloud in 3D. Elevation, slope and aspect were derived to describe site conditions. Damage thresholds were set for the ALS data (tree height < 5 m) and the ground-based damage (frequency > 90%). These were compared in a confusion matrix on a pixel scale, which showed partial agreement due to different sampling methods and ranges but also indicated that Rakottyás was more damaged (54.35% of the area) than Pogány-Rózsás (36.7%). The Total Accuracy was 0.54.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89252079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Heil, Dávid Heilig, Viktória Csanády, Kinga M. Berta, R. Kurdi, Róbert Fejes, G. Kovacs
Transforming economies towards the increased circular use of raw materials and keeping resource consumption within planetary boundaries is a major challenge. In our previous research, we utilized sewage sludge to produce artificial soil mixtures well-suited to the biological recultivation of degraded areas. The present study investigated how we can integrate red mud, often considered waste, into this circular management form. With red mud volume ratios of 15% and 30%, we experienced good germination and growth in Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), white poplar (Populus alba L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and the perennial multipurpose crop, Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita L.). Our results indicate that it is worthwhile to scale up this cheap, economically and ecologically favourable combined waste recovery and mine reclamation technology and to expand its use to fullscale operation.
将经济转变为增加原材料的循环使用和将资源消耗控制在地球范围内是一项重大挑战。在我们之前的研究中，我们利用污水污泥生产人工土壤混合物，非常适合退化地区的生物再培养。本研究调查了我们如何将通常被视为废物的赤泥整合到这种循环管理形式中。赤泥体积比为15%和30%时，西伯利亚榆树(Ulmus pumila L.)、白杨(Populus alba L.)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia L.)和多年生多用途作物维吉尼亚锦葵(Sida hermaphrodita L.)萌发和生长良好。我们的结果表明，值得扩大这种廉价、经济和生态上有利的废物回收和矿山回收联合技术的规模，并将其扩大到全面运作。
{"title":"Effects of Red Mud on Plant Growth in an Artificial Soil Mixture","authors":"B. Heil, Dávid Heilig, Viktória Csanády, Kinga M. Berta, R. Kurdi, Róbert Fejes, G. Kovacs","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Transforming economies towards the increased circular use of raw materials and keeping resource consumption within planetary boundaries is a major challenge. In our previous research, we utilized sewage sludge to produce artificial soil mixtures well-suited to the biological recultivation of degraded areas. The present study investigated how we can integrate red mud, often considered waste, into this circular management form. With red mud volume ratios of 15% and 30%, we experienced good germination and growth in Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.), white poplar (Populus alba L.), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and the perennial multipurpose crop, Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita L.). Our results indicate that it is worthwhile to scale up this cheap, economically and ecologically favourable combined waste recovery and mine reclamation technology and to expand its use to fullscale operation.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"34 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72367088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study analysed H2020 projects in the wood industry using SNA methods. It was mainly performed using R. Based on the data set from CORDIS, an adjacency matrix was constructed and used to plot the network of project participants. Various network indicators were then calculated. In search of notable distributions in network research, several statistical methods (maximum likelihood, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, moments, bootstrapping) were used to perform a goodness-offit analysis on the frequencies of the degrees to verify randomness or scale-freedom. The small-world nature was also investigated. The results show that the distribution of the degrees of project participants reflects multiple effects, whereas the number of project participations per project participant follows a power distribution; thus, the scale-freedom that has been emphasised in many scientific analyses is observed. The network indicators show that the network is not small-world, with a high number of Finnish participants among the central actors.
{"title":"Social Network Analysis in Wood Industry Projects","authors":"A. Novotni, Z. Pásztory, Z. Tóth","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"The study analysed H2020 projects in the wood industry using SNA methods. It was mainly performed using R. Based on the data set from CORDIS, an adjacency matrix was constructed and used to plot the network of project participants. Various network indicators were then calculated. In search of notable distributions in network research, several statistical methods (maximum likelihood, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, moments, bootstrapping) were used to perform a goodness-offit analysis on the frequencies of the degrees to verify randomness or scale-freedom. The small-world nature was also investigated. The results show that the distribution of the degrees of project participants reflects multiple effects, whereas the number of project participations per project participant follows a power distribution; thus, the scale-freedom that has been emphasised in many scientific analyses is observed. The network indicators show that the network is not small-world, with a high number of Finnish participants among the central actors.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73644953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jutka Nmarné Kendöl, Katalin Molnár, I. Berki, I. Fekete
There is much uncertainty about the attitude toward raw wood material use: Is the widerange use of unprocessed wood recommended or not? In our statistically representative questionnaire survey completed in Győr-Moson-County schools in Hungary, we aimed to discover which components of attitude determine the willingness of future energy users to use wood. A novelty of our study is that we investigated three components of attitude in the context of wood use, i.e., the cognitive, the affective, and the conative components. We used Decision Trees in statistics, hitherto unemployed in wood-related environmental education research, to predict the willingness to use the raw wood material. Our study is relevant to sustainable development and climate protection. Our results revealed that only one-third of participants provided an affirmative response to the question of whether they would use raw wood material. Furthermore, we found that the affective component of attitude is a stronger predictor than the cognitive component, with the conative component not being a predictor. In light of these results, we recommend popularizing forest programs since the attitude-changing effect of forest programs has been confirmed.
{"title":"Student Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Wood and the Use of Wood as a Raw Material","authors":"Jutka Nmarné Kendöl, Katalin Molnár, I. Berki, I. Fekete","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"There is much uncertainty about the attitude toward raw wood material use: Is the widerange use of unprocessed wood recommended or not? In our statistically representative questionnaire survey completed in Győr-Moson-County schools in Hungary, we aimed to discover which components of attitude determine the willingness of future energy users to use wood. A novelty of our study is that we investigated three components of attitude in the context of wood use, i.e., the cognitive, the affective, and the conative components. We used Decision Trees in statistics, hitherto unemployed in wood-related environmental education research, to predict the willingness to use the raw wood material. Our study is relevant to sustainable development and climate protection. Our results revealed that only one-third of participants provided an affirmative response to the question of whether they would use raw wood material. Furthermore, we found that the affective component of attitude is a stronger predictor than the cognitive component, with the conative component not being a predictor. In light of these results, we recommend popularizing forest programs since the attitude-changing effect of forest programs has been confirmed.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83484572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change presents growing environmental, economic, and social problems for the industrializing and developing world. Applying new technologies and transitioning to a cleaner, more flexible economy are essential to solving these problems. These solutions focus on climate change mitigation and work toward a complete transformation in line with sustainable development goals. Agroforestry systems are used for climate change adaptation and to support biodiversity. They also help combat desertification and soil erosion. Practical experiences show that applying forestry alley cropping systems can contribute to the climate adaptation of young forest stocks. The present study examined a historical forestry intercropping method known as Vákáncsos following the effects of microclimate stress on poplar seedlings (Populus × euramericana cv. I-214). This study investigated the background of previous observations concerning the practice of using intermediate crops in forest conditions – and the favorable results from these – and compared the stress effects on seedlings. When assessing the microclimate of the system, we used the EC tester (EC–electrical conductivity) to measure soil temperature and conductivity. We employed an agrometeorological hand-held instrument to measure air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The results show that the agroforestry system significantly reduces temperature extremes and provides more favorable humidity. The agroforestry system reduced soil temperature values by 1–14 Co in the warmest period of the year. Experience and measurements indicate that the applied agroforestry practice can increase stress tolerance, afforestation efficiency, land use maximization, and profitability. Applied agroforestry can also serve other purposes like ecosystem services and feeding. Forestry alley cropping systems can be combined with resource efficiency.
{"title":"Soil and Atmospheric Microclimate Research in Poplar Forestry Intercropping System in Hungary","authors":"K. Kovács, A. Vityi","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change presents growing environmental, economic, and social problems for the industrializing and developing world. Applying new technologies and transitioning to a cleaner, more flexible economy are essential to solving these problems. These solutions focus on climate change mitigation and work toward a complete transformation in line with sustainable development goals. Agroforestry systems are used for climate change adaptation and to support biodiversity. They also help combat desertification and soil erosion. Practical experiences show that applying forestry alley cropping systems can contribute to the climate adaptation of young forest stocks. The present study examined a historical forestry intercropping method known as Vákáncsos following the effects of microclimate stress on poplar seedlings (Populus × euramericana cv. I-214). This study investigated the background of previous observations concerning the practice of using intermediate crops in forest conditions – and the favorable results from these – and compared the stress effects on seedlings. When assessing the microclimate of the system, we used the EC tester (EC–electrical conductivity) to measure soil temperature and conductivity. We employed an agrometeorological hand-held instrument to measure air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The results show that the agroforestry system significantly reduces temperature extremes and provides more favorable humidity. The agroforestry system reduced soil temperature values by 1–14 Co in the warmest period of the year. Experience and measurements indicate that the applied agroforestry practice can increase stress tolerance, afforestation efficiency, land use maximization, and profitability. Applied agroforestry can also serve other purposes like ecosystem services and feeding. Forestry alley cropping systems can be combined with resource efficiency.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83769098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Horváth, F. Lakatos, P. Szűcs, Z. Patocskai, Peter Vegh, D. Winkler, A. Bidló, B. Gálos
Mortality appeared in a relict Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest where the sandy pine forest association (Pinetum-Festuco vaginatae sylvestris) is unique in the Carpathian Basin. To identify the complex causes of tree mortality, we analysed the climatic and soil conditions completed with bryological and biotical (pests) surveys. Altogether the results show that unfavourable soil conditions (coarse sand) and increasing aridity have led to a decline in tree vitality. Bark beetles have a high population density in the stand, and they have colonised both the felled trap trees and the standing trees, where the beetles contributed to tree mortality. New spreading invasive moss species have appeared in the recently formed gaps, where crone projection is low. The disappearance of this relict forest stresses the urgent need for Hungarian forest management to prepare strategies for adaptive tree species selection.
{"title":"Climate Change Induced Tree Mortality in a Relict Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Forest","authors":"A. Horváth, F. Lakatos, P. Szűcs, Z. Patocskai, Peter Vegh, D. Winkler, A. Bidló, B. Gálos","doi":"10.37045/aslh-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Mortality appeared in a relict Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest where the sandy pine forest association (Pinetum-Festuco vaginatae sylvestris) is unique in the Carpathian Basin. To identify the complex causes of tree mortality, we analysed the climatic and soil conditions completed with bryological and biotical (pests) surveys. Altogether the results show that unfavourable soil conditions (coarse sand) and increasing aridity have led to a decline in tree vitality. Bark beetles have a high population density in the stand, and they have colonised both the felled trap trees and the standing trees, where the beetles contributed to tree mortality. New spreading invasive moss species have appeared in the recently formed gaps, where crone projection is low. The disappearance of this relict forest stresses the urgent need for Hungarian forest management to prepare strategies for adaptive tree species selection.","PeriodicalId":53620,"journal":{"name":"Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81357767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：