{"title":":White Market Drugs: Big Pharma and the Hidden History of Addiction in America","authors":"David Farber","doi":"10.1086/723614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41563016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Healing with Poisons: Potent Medicines in Medieval China","authors":"Lan A. Li","doi":"10.1086/723618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723618","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49388155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Foucault in California [A True Story—wherein the Great French Philosopher Drops Acid in the Valley of Death]","authors":"Corey Dansereau","doi":"10.1086/723697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723697","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41557187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the mid–nineteenth century, thematic maps have been widely used to map what many bourgeois authors and social reformers perceived as social ills and moral lapses. The rapidly growing cities in Europe and North America, in particular, appeared to these authors to be problematic places associated with problematic behavior and populated by problematic people. Alcohol was high on the list of these urban vices, and visual tools were frequently used to problematize and communicate those moral and social matters. This article considers the role of maps in nineteenth-century temperance movements and the social reformers and their politics toward the growing cities. Consequently, this article contributes to a critical cartography of thinking and governing alcohol in public space.
{"title":"Mapping the Intoxicated City: The Cartographic Construction of Vice in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"Boris Michel","doi":"10.1086/723363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723363","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid–nineteenth century, thematic maps have been widely used to map what many bourgeois authors and social reformers perceived as social ills and moral lapses. The rapidly growing cities in Europe and North America, in particular, appeared to these authors to be problematic places associated with problematic behavior and populated by problematic people. Alcohol was high on the list of these urban vices, and visual tools were frequently used to problematize and communicate those moral and social matters. This article considers the role of maps in nineteenth-century temperance movements and the social reformers and their politics toward the growing cities. Consequently, this article contributes to a critical cartography of thinking and governing alcohol in public space.","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"37 1","pages":"103 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44113279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines spatio-political formulations of drink in caste terms during the 1930s in the Madras Presidency (region) in colonial South India. It advances two arguments. The first argument is that the temperance agitation, driven by the regional wing of the dominant nationalist party organization, the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee, relied on physical, legal, and social formulations of space expressed in caste terms. One such articulation entailed the likening of toddy to the menstrual blood of an Adi-Dravida woman. The second, more critical argument is that the resignifying of stigmatizing meanings of alcohol within egalitarian and empowering temperance landscapes of Adi-Dravida political formations is deliberate. The article demonstrates the urgency of framing temperance vis-a-vis Dalit politics of public space in overarching terms. It also asks and answers the critical question of how Adi-Dravida and Tamil Nadu Congress political figures imagined each other and manifested in each other’s spatial sites of alcohol.
{"title":"Shifting Temperance Landscapes: Locating Caste and Gender within the Spatial Politics of Drink in the Madras Presidency","authors":"T. Sriraman","doi":"10.1086/723364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723364","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines spatio-political formulations of drink in caste terms during the 1930s in the Madras Presidency (region) in colonial South India. It advances two arguments. The first argument is that the temperance agitation, driven by the regional wing of the dominant nationalist party organization, the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee, relied on physical, legal, and social formulations of space expressed in caste terms. One such articulation entailed the likening of toddy to the menstrual blood of an Adi-Dravida woman. The second, more critical argument is that the resignifying of stigmatizing meanings of alcohol within egalitarian and empowering temperance landscapes of Adi-Dravida political formations is deliberate. The article demonstrates the urgency of framing temperance vis-a-vis Dalit politics of public space in overarching terms. It also asks and answers the critical question of how Adi-Dravida and Tamil Nadu Congress political figures imagined each other and manifested in each other’s spatial sites of alcohol.","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"37 1","pages":"125 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47733870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article traces the marketing of Scottish brewer Tennent Caledonian’s “Lager Lovelies” beer cans, which featured sexualized photographs of women, from the initial production of the cans in the 1960s to the rebranding of Tennent’s Lager in 1997. The article considers the development of the cans and situates the marketing in the social and historical context. Oral history interviews with former models, industry employees, and people who remember the cans provide insights into people’s attitudes toward the marketing. The images on the cans are examined using visual discourse analysis, which shows that the marketing was derivative of the pervasive sexual objectification of women’s bodies in media and pornography. The marketing of the cans to White heterosexual men is located within twentieth-century capitalism and patriarchal structures that enabled Tennent’s to commodify and objectify women and eroticize an everyday activity like drinking lager. The article considers the end of the Lager Lovelies cans in the early 1990s and the subsequent attempt to reposition Tennent’s Lager in 1997 as a desirable alcoholic drink for younger generations.
{"title":"From the “Lager Lovelies” to “The Feminist”: Tennent’s Lager Marketing, 1960–1997","authors":"Thora Hands","doi":"10.1086/723615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723615","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces the marketing of Scottish brewer Tennent Caledonian’s “Lager Lovelies” beer cans, which featured sexualized photographs of women, from the initial production of the cans in the 1960s to the rebranding of Tennent’s Lager in 1997. The article considers the development of the cans and situates the marketing in the social and historical context. Oral history interviews with former models, industry employees, and people who remember the cans provide insights into people’s attitudes toward the marketing. The images on the cans are examined using visual discourse analysis, which shows that the marketing was derivative of the pervasive sexual objectification of women’s bodies in media and pornography. The marketing of the cans to White heterosexual men is located within twentieth-century capitalism and patriarchal structures that enabled Tennent’s to commodify and objectify women and eroticize an everyday activity like drinking lager. The article considers the end of the Lager Lovelies cans in the early 1990s and the subsequent attempt to reposition Tennent’s Lager in 1997 as a desirable alcoholic drink for younger generations.","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"37 1","pages":"72 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60728675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wax models showing scarred skin caused by repeated use of hypodermic syringes were formed from the bodies of hospital patients with morphine addictions in France at the turn of the twentieth century. Needle-scarred skin was deemed a key factor in identifying morphinomanie (morphine mania). Wax modelers attempted to recreate morphine users’ bodies as accurately as possible because these objects functioned diagnostically. Artists repudiated the skin’s appearance and depicted the morphine addict as female, even though men made up the majority of users. In art, the female body is typically enclosed by an idealized, unscarred skin. As such, in line with broader concerns about containing femininity in art and in actuality, artists avoided showing the broken boundary of the morphine addict’s skin, pierced by hypodermic needle. Although medical and artistic visual culture of the morphine addict differ visually, both are subjective and function to contain and control concurrent narratives on addiction.
{"title":"In Art and Wax: The Morphine Addict in France at the Turn of the Twentieth Century","authors":"Hannah Halliwell","doi":"10.1086/723750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723750","url":null,"abstract":"Wax models showing scarred skin caused by repeated use of hypodermic syringes were formed from the bodies of hospital patients with morphine addictions in France at the turn of the twentieth century. Needle-scarred skin was deemed a key factor in identifying morphinomanie (morphine mania). Wax modelers attempted to recreate morphine users’ bodies as accurately as possible because these objects functioned diagnostically. Artists repudiated the skin’s appearance and depicted the morphine addict as female, even though men made up the majority of users. In art, the female body is typically enclosed by an idealized, unscarred skin. As such, in line with broader concerns about containing femininity in art and in actuality, artists avoided showing the broken boundary of the morphine addict’s skin, pierced by hypodermic needle. Although medical and artistic visual culture of the morphine addict differ visually, both are subjective and function to contain and control concurrent narratives on addiction.","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"37 1","pages":"35 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48984670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although most drug users are citizens on paper, they are not always regarded as full members of the community in practice. Looking at a semiopen drug scene in and around the Hoog Catharijne shopping mall (Utrecht, the Netherlands), I trace how the citizenship of drug users developed in the period 1973–2001. Over time, interventions linked to the idea of harm reduction—aiming to mitigate the harm caused by drug use without necessarily prohibiting drugs—increased the degree to which drug users were seen as full citizens. Therefore, this article addresses the question, Was harm reduction a citizenship movement?
{"title":"Harm Reduction as a Citizenship Movement: The Case of Hoog Catharijne, Utrecht (1973–2001)","authors":"J. Bongers","doi":"10.1086/723361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/723361","url":null,"abstract":"Although most drug users are citizens on paper, they are not always regarded as full members of the community in practice. Looking at a semiopen drug scene in and around the Hoog Catharijne shopping mall (Utrecht, the Netherlands), I trace how the citizenship of drug users developed in the period 1973–2001. Over time, interventions linked to the idea of harm reduction—aiming to mitigate the harm caused by drug use without necessarily prohibiting drugs—increased the degree to which drug users were seen as full citizens. Therefore, this article addresses the question, Was harm reduction a citizenship movement?","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"37 1","pages":"4 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45678682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In South Africa, contradictions within colonial and apartheid state-making constituted “drugs” as a deeply political category. This is shown through the case of dagga/cannabis, a substance with a centuries-long history of indigenous uses and meanings, transformed into a subversive market commodity during the twentieth century. This article examines a key development of this dynamic: the making and impacts of South Africa’s Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act, No. 41 of 1971. The law augmented the carceral power of a racist state. However, apartheid’s policies of segregation and indirect rule nurtured conditions in which commercial cannabis production could thrive. This paradox helps explain why apartheid’s drug war continued into South Africa’s “nonracial” democratic era. Propositions for cannabis decolonialization must push beyond the binary relational categories and periodizations of colonialism itself to account for the contingencies of power, as well as the “everyday” transformative agency of users and producers.
{"title":"Apartheid’s 1971 Drug Law: Between Cannabis and Control in South Africa","authors":"T. Waetjen","doi":"10.1086/721253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721253","url":null,"abstract":"In South Africa, contradictions within colonial and apartheid state-making constituted “drugs” as a deeply political category. This is shown through the case of dagga/cannabis, a substance with a centuries-long history of indigenous uses and meanings, transformed into a subversive market commodity during the twentieth century. This article examines a key development of this dynamic: the making and impacts of South Africa’s Abuse of Dependence-Producing Substances and Rehabilitation Centres Act, No. 41 of 1971. The law augmented the carceral power of a racist state. However, apartheid’s policies of segregation and indirect rule nurtured conditions in which commercial cannabis production could thrive. This paradox helps explain why apartheid’s drug war continued into South Africa’s “nonracial” democratic era. Propositions for cannabis decolonialization must push beyond the binary relational categories and periodizations of colonialism itself to account for the contingencies of power, as well as the “everyday” transformative agency of users and producers.","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"36 1","pages":"164 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46985969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When cocaine became a pharmaceutical product in the middle of the 1880s, its clinical use as a local anesthetic made it valuable for medical professionals. This was how the alkaloid was introduced into the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro—as a widely available, cheap, and efficient treatment for toothache. This article explores how cocaine became integrated into nonmedical aspects of Rio’s social life by actors in various walks of life, for a variety of purposes. Cocaine contributed to new forms of pleasure seeking and economic benefit in a postslavery, modernizing city landscape, as nightlife developed new vocabularies, gestures, emotions, and hazards around the drug’s sales and use—chronicled by a new generation of journalists, storytellers, and law enforcement officials. Ultimately, I argue, cocaine played a notable role in expanding the spatial and temporal frontiers of the city’s social fabric, especially its nightlife, at the turn of the twentieth century.
{"title":"Cocaine and the Night: The Social Life of a Drug in Rio de Janeiro during Brazil’s First Republic, 1885–1920s","authors":"Athos Luiz Dos Santos Vieira","doi":"10.1086/721715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721715","url":null,"abstract":"When cocaine became a pharmaceutical product in the middle of the 1880s, its clinical use as a local anesthetic made it valuable for medical professionals. This was how the alkaloid was introduced into the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro—as a widely available, cheap, and efficient treatment for toothache. This article explores how cocaine became integrated into nonmedical aspects of Rio’s social life by actors in various walks of life, for a variety of purposes. Cocaine contributed to new forms of pleasure seeking and economic benefit in a postslavery, modernizing city landscape, as nightlife developed new vocabularies, gestures, emotions, and hazards around the drug’s sales and use—chronicled by a new generation of journalists, storytellers, and law enforcement officials. Ultimately, I argue, cocaine played a notable role in expanding the spatial and temporal frontiers of the city’s social fabric, especially its nightlife, at the turn of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"36 1","pages":"238 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46622537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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