When my father noticed that I could not do any work more than to drink, he engaged an expert palm-wine tapster for me; he had no other work more than to tap palm-wine every day. So my father gave me a palm-tree farm which was nine miles square and it contained 560,000 palm-trees, and this palm-wine tapster was tapping one hundred and fifty kegs of palm-wine every morning, but before 2 o’clock p.m., I wouldhavedrunkall of it; after thathewouldgoand tapanother75kegs in the evening which I would be drinking till morning. So my friends were uncountable by that time and they were drinking palm-wine with me frommorning til a late hour in the night.
{"title":"Decolonizing Drug History? Notes on a Journey Southward","authors":"Maziyar Ghiabi, T. Waetjen","doi":"10.1086/721752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721752","url":null,"abstract":"When my father noticed that I could not do any work more than to drink, he engaged an expert palm-wine tapster for me; he had no other work more than to tap palm-wine every day. So my father gave me a palm-tree farm which was nine miles square and it contained 560,000 palm-trees, and this palm-wine tapster was tapping one hundred and fifty kegs of palm-wine every morning, but before 2 o’clock p.m., I wouldhavedrunkall of it; after thathewouldgoand tapanother75kegs in the evening which I would be drinking till morning. So my friends were uncountable by that time and they were drinking palm-wine with me frommorning til a late hour in the night.","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"36 1","pages":"119 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44219035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jonathan Rees, The Chemistry of Fear: Harvey Wiley’s Fight for Pure Food. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2021.","authors":"Brittany R. Cohen","doi":"10.1086/721716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46095094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maziyar Ghiabi, ed., Power and Illicit Drugs in the Global South. Abingdon: Routledge, 2019.","authors":"Paul Gootenberg","doi":"10.1086/721712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721712","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43566722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Benjamin T. Smith, The Dope: The Real History of the Mexican Drug Trade. New York: W. W. Norton, 2021.","authors":"C. Thornton","doi":"10.1086/721711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721711","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42195801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1937, the French psychiatrist Pierre Maréschal presented a paper on “Heroin Abuse in Tunisia,” in which he claimed that all Tunisians were “born addicts,” comparing their allegedly excessive nature with the habits of European addicts. Their predilection toward overconsumption was explained through the theory of a “primitive mentality” shared by all North Africans, proposed by the psychiatric École d’Alger. Many colonial psychiatric sources claimed that when it came to both harmful and harmless substances, Muslim North Africans either remained abstinent or consumed excessive amounts; moderate consumption was believed to be racially impossible among them. French colonial psychiatrists suggested that some of the addictions they observed among North Africans who were colonized were a direct result of French colonization. Their worldview of colonialism as a force for good was shattered by their perception that, under French influence, Muslim Algerians were newly taking up alcohol and heroin.
{"title":"“The Native Is Indeed a Born Addict, but So Far He Has Not Yet Found His True Poison”: Psychiatric Theories on Overconsumption and Race in the Colonial Maghreb","authors":"N. Studer","doi":"10.1086/721607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721607","url":null,"abstract":"In 1937, the French psychiatrist Pierre Maréschal presented a paper on “Heroin Abuse in Tunisia,” in which he claimed that all Tunisians were “born addicts,” comparing their allegedly excessive nature with the habits of European addicts. Their predilection toward overconsumption was explained through the theory of a “primitive mentality” shared by all North Africans, proposed by the psychiatric École d’Alger. Many colonial psychiatric sources claimed that when it came to both harmful and harmless substances, Muslim North Africans either remained abstinent or consumed excessive amounts; moderate consumption was believed to be racially impossible among them. French colonial psychiatrists suggested that some of the addictions they observed among North Africans who were colonized were a direct result of French colonization. Their worldview of colonialism as a force for good was shattered by their perception that, under French influence, Muslim Algerians were newly taking up alcohol and heroin.","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"36 1","pages":"261 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49047785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indian legal regimes that regulate cannabis use a three-part nomenclature of “ganja,” “bhang,” and “charas” as distinct South Asian intoxicants produced from particular parts of the plant—namely, and correspondingly, the flower, leaf, and resinous matter. This typology was institutionalized within the imagined colonial space of India with the intensification of liberal empire. This article explores the inconsistent history of naming conventions alongside polyvalent and relational notions of the experience of intoxication in British India to ask what knowledge was displaced to install a modern cannabis taxonomy suited to institutional medicine, policing, and revenue accumulation. In doing so, it revisits the rich collection of proverbial knowledge in the judicial archive of cannabis that illuminated variable contexts, specific social relations, and articulations of intention, deterrence, and discernment. It argues that the debris of socialized knowledge about meanings of intoxication can spur the imperative to think decolonially about cannabis in India.
{"title":"Reading Cannabis in the Colony: Law, Nomenclature, and Proverbial Knowledge in British India","authors":"Utathya Chattopadhyaya","doi":"10.1086/721363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721363","url":null,"abstract":"Indian legal regimes that regulate cannabis use a three-part nomenclature of “ganja,” “bhang,” and “charas” as distinct South Asian intoxicants produced from particular parts of the plant—namely, and correspondingly, the flower, leaf, and resinous matter. This typology was institutionalized within the imagined colonial space of India with the intensification of liberal empire. This article explores the inconsistent history of naming conventions alongside polyvalent and relational notions of the experience of intoxication in British India to ask what knowledge was displaced to install a modern cannabis taxonomy suited to institutional medicine, policing, and revenue accumulation. In doing so, it revisits the rich collection of proverbial knowledge in the judicial archive of cannabis that illuminated variable contexts, specific social relations, and articulations of intention, deterrence, and discernment. It argues that the debris of socialized knowledge about meanings of intoxication can spur the imperative to think decolonially about cannabis in India.","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"36 1","pages":"201 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48775250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Edward B. Westermann, Drunk on Genocide: Alcohol and Mass Murder in Nazi Germany. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2021.","authors":"Bastiaan Willems","doi":"10.1086/721720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42904444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carl L. Hart, Drug Use for Grown-Ups: Chasing Liberty in the Land of Fear. New York: Penguin, 2021.","authors":"B. J. Borougerdi","doi":"10.1086/721714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43638646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Susan L. Smith, Toxic Exposures: Mustard Gas and the Health Consequences of World War II in the United States. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2017.","authors":"Colleen Lanier-Christensen","doi":"10.1086/721718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45782137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article establishes a conceptual framework for decolonial drug histories and, at the same time, moves beyond decolonization. It brings back the radical alterity of historical figures of intoxication in the Islamicate world and introduces them as paradigms with potential to go beyond decolonization. This approach refers to the urgency of not comfortably relying on decolonial critique as moral indignation toward the past but rather showing that drug histories subsume radically different epistemologies and ontologies from those enunciated by coloniality/modernity. The article studies the Islamicate world through a decolonized nomenclature based on everyday historical approaches, beyond the myths of quintessential intoxicated Orient or as the inherent space of religious prohibitions. By introducing alternative epistemologies on mind-altering substances and their radical ontologies, this experiment in writing history as world-building shows how non-Western knowledge and practice can make other realities-and histories-possible.
{"title":"The Pluriverse of Intoxication: Words, Lives, Worlds in Islamicate History.","authors":"Maziyar Ghiabi","doi":"10.1086/721659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/721659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article establishes a conceptual framework for decolonial drug histories and, at the same time, moves beyond decolonization. It brings back the radical alterity of historical figures of intoxication in the Islamicate world and introduces them as paradigms with potential to go beyond decolonization. This approach refers to the urgency of not comfortably relying on decolonial critique as moral indignation toward the past but rather showing that drug histories subsume radically different epistemologies and ontologies from those enunciated by coloniality/modernity. The article studies the Islamicate world through a decolonized nomenclature based on everyday historical approaches, beyond the myths of quintessential intoxicated Orient or as the inherent space of religious prohibitions. By introducing alternative epistemologies on mind-altering substances and their radical ontologies, this experiment in writing history as world-building shows how non-Western knowledge and practice can make other realities-and histories-possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":53627,"journal":{"name":"The social history of alcohol and drugs","volume":"36 2","pages":"129-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7613780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40459200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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