Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.24
L. Jacobs, M. Polcyn, O. Mateus, A. Schulp, A. Gonçalves, Maria Luísa Morais
The separation of Africa from South America and the growth of the South Atlantic are recorded in rocks exposed along the coast of Angola. Tectonic processes that led to the formation of Africa as a continent also controlled sedimentary basins that preserve fossils. The vertebrate fossil record in Angola extends from the Triassic to the Holocene and includes crocodylomorph, dinosaur, and mammaliamorph footprints, but more extensively, bones of fishes, turtles, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, crocodiles, and cetaceans. Pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and land mammals are rare in Angola. The northward drift of Africa through latitudinal climatic zones provides a method for comparing predicted paleoenvironmental conditions among localities in Angola, and also allows comparison among desert and upwelling areas in Africa, South America, and Australia. South America has shown the least northward drift and its Atacama Desert is the oldest coastal desert among the three continents. Africa’s northward drift caused the displacement of the coastal desert to the south as the continent moved north. Australia drifted from far southerly latitudes and entered the climatic arid zone in the Miocene, more recently than South America or Africa, but in addition, a combination of its drift, continental outline, a downwelling eastern boundary current, the Pacific Ocean to Indian Ocean throughflow, and monsoon influence, make Australia unique.
{"title":"Post-Gondwana Africa and the vertebrate history of the Angolan Atlantic Coast","authors":"L. Jacobs, M. Polcyn, O. Mateus, A. Schulp, A. Gonçalves, Maria Luísa Morais","doi":"10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.24","url":null,"abstract":"The separation of Africa from South America and the growth of the South Atlantic are recorded in rocks exposed along the coast of Angola. Tectonic processes that led to the formation of Africa as a continent also controlled sedimentary basins that preserve fossils. The vertebrate fossil record in Angola extends from the Triassic to the Holocene and includes crocodylomorph, dinosaur, and mammaliamorph footprints, but more extensively, bones of fishes, turtles, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, crocodiles, and cetaceans. Pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and land mammals are rare in Angola. The northward drift of Africa through latitudinal climatic zones provides a method for comparing predicted paleoenvironmental conditions among localities in Angola, and also allows comparison among desert and upwelling areas in Africa, South America, and Australia. South America has shown the least northward drift and its Atacama Desert is the oldest coastal desert among the three continents. Africa’s northward drift caused the displacement of the coastal desert to the south as the continent moved north. Australia drifted from far southerly latitudes and entered the climatic arid zone in the Miocene, more recently than South America or Africa, but in addition, a combination of its drift, continental outline, a downwelling eastern boundary current, the Pacific Ocean to Indian Ocean throughflow, and monsoon influence, make Australia unique.","PeriodicalId":53647,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of Museum Victoria","volume":"14 1","pages":"343-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79036127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.18
K. Piper
Piper, K.J. 2016. The Macropodidae (Marsupialia) of the early Pleistocene Nelson Bay Local Fauna, Victoria, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 233–253. The Nelson Bay Local Fauna, near Portland, Victoria, is the most diverse early Pleistocene assemblage yet described in Australia. It is composed of a mix of typical Pleistocene taxa and relict forms from the wet forests of the Pliocene. The assemblage preserves a diverse macropodid fauna consisting of at least six genera and 11 species. A potentially new species of Protemnodon is also possibly shared with the early Pliocene Hamilton Local Fauna and late Pliocene Dog Rocks Local Fauna. Together, the types of species and the high macropodid diversity suggests a mosaic environment of wet and dry sclerophyll forest with some open grassy areas was present in the Nelson Bay area during the early Pleistocene.
{"title":"The Macropodidae (Marsupialia) of the early Pleistocene Nelson Bay Local Fauna, Victoria, Australia","authors":"K. Piper","doi":"10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.18","url":null,"abstract":"Piper, K.J. 2016. The Macropodidae (Marsupialia) of the early Pleistocene Nelson Bay Local Fauna, Victoria, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 233–253. The Nelson Bay Local Fauna, near Portland, Victoria, is the most diverse early Pleistocene assemblage yet described in Australia. It is composed of a mix of typical Pleistocene taxa and relict forms from the wet forests of the Pliocene. The assemblage preserves a diverse macropodid fauna consisting of at least six genera and 11 species. A potentially new species of Protemnodon is also possibly shared with the early Pliocene Hamilton Local Fauna and late Pliocene Dog Rocks Local Fauna. Together, the types of species and the high macropodid diversity suggests a mosaic environment of wet and dry sclerophyll forest with some open grassy areas was present in the Nelson Bay area during the early Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":53647,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of Museum Victoria","volume":"9 1","pages":"233-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82027205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.10
Rebecca Pian, M. Archer, S. Hand, R. Beck, A. Cody
Pian, R., Archer, M., Hand, S.J., Beck, R.M.D. and Cody, A. 2016. The upper dentition and relationships of the enigmatic Australian Cretaceous mammal Kollikodon ritchiei. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 97–105. Mesozoic mammals from Australia are rare, so far only known from the Early Cretaceous, and most are poorly represented in terms of dentitions much less cranial material. No upper molars of any have been described. Kollikodon ritchiei is perhaps the most bizarre of these, originally described on the basis of a dentary fragment with three molars. Here we describe a second specimen of this extremely rare taxon, one that retains extraordinarily specialised upper cheekteeth (last premolar and all four molars). Each molar supports rows of bladeless, rounded cuspules many of which exhibit apical pits that may be the result of masticating hard items such as shells or chitin. Reanalysis of the phylogenetic position of this taxon suggests, based on a limited number of apparent synapomorphies, that it is an australosphenidan mammal and probably the sister group to Monotremata. This reanalysis also supports the view that within Monotremata, tachyglossids and ornithorhynchids diverged in the early to middle Cenozoic.
{"title":"The upper dentition and relationships of the enigmatic Australian Cretaceous mammal Kollikodon ritchiei","authors":"Rebecca Pian, M. Archer, S. Hand, R. Beck, A. Cody","doi":"10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.10","url":null,"abstract":"Pian, R., Archer, M., Hand, S.J., Beck, R.M.D. and Cody, A. 2016. The upper dentition and relationships of the enigmatic Australian Cretaceous mammal Kollikodon ritchiei. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 97–105. Mesozoic mammals from Australia are rare, so far only known from the Early Cretaceous, and most are poorly represented in terms of dentitions much less cranial material. No upper molars of any have been described. Kollikodon ritchiei is perhaps the most bizarre of these, originally described on the basis of a dentary fragment with three molars. Here we describe a second specimen of this extremely rare taxon, one that retains extraordinarily specialised upper cheekteeth (last premolar and all four molars). Each molar supports rows of bladeless, rounded cuspules many of which exhibit apical pits that may be the result of masticating hard items such as shells or chitin. Reanalysis of the phylogenetic position of this taxon suggests, based on a limited number of apparent synapomorphies, that it is an australosphenidan mammal and probably the sister group to Monotremata. This reanalysis also supports the view that within Monotremata, tachyglossids and ornithorhynchids diverged in the early to middle Cenozoic.","PeriodicalId":53647,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of Museum Victoria","volume":"32 1","pages":"97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87151126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.07
M. Tuite, D. Flannery, K. Williford
The Koonwarra Fossil Beds are widely recognized for their high-fidelity preservation of freshwater/terrestrial vertebrate and invertebrate fossils. A preliminary investigation suggests that organic biomarkers are also exceptionally well preserved and could contribute significantly to understanding the ecology of this ancient lake system. Solvent-extractable organic matter was collected from a single feldspathic siltstone/mudstone sample and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The distribution of n-alkanes suggests a significant input of terrestrial plant material into the lake. The very low ratio of eukaryotic steranes to bacterial hopanes may reflect the decomposition of abundant plant material in the lake. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may record wildfire activity in the surrounding watershed.
{"title":"Organic geochemistry of a high-latitude Lower Cretaceous lacustrine sediment sample from the Koonwarra Fossil Beds, South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia","authors":"M. Tuite, D. Flannery, K. Williford","doi":"10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.07","url":null,"abstract":"The Koonwarra Fossil Beds are widely recognized for their high-fidelity preservation of freshwater/terrestrial vertebrate and invertebrate fossils. A preliminary investigation suggests that organic biomarkers are also exceptionally well preserved and could contribute significantly to understanding the ecology of this ancient lake system. Solvent-extractable organic matter was collected from a single feldspathic siltstone/mudstone sample and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The distribution of n-alkanes suggests a significant input of terrestrial plant material into the lake. The very low ratio of eukaryotic steranes to bacterial hopanes may reflect the decomposition of abundant plant material in the lake. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may record wildfire activity in the surrounding watershed.","PeriodicalId":53647,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of Museum Victoria","volume":"96 1","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82748616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.24199/J.MMV.2016.75.04
F. G. Marx, David P. Hocking, Travis Park, T. Ziegler, A. Evans, E. Fitzgerald
Marx F.G., Hocking D.P., Park T., Ziegler T., Evans A.R. and Fitzgerald, E.M.G. 2016. Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 71–82. The origin of baleen, the key adaptation of modern whales (Mysticeti), marks a profound yet poorly understood transition in vertebrate evolution, triggering the rise of the largest animals on Earth. Baleen is thought to have appeared in archaic tooth-bearing mysticetes during a transitional phase that combined raptorial feeding with incipient bulk filtering. Here we show that tooth wear in a new Late Oligocene mysticete belonging to the putatively transitional family Aetiocetidae is inconsistent with the presence of baleen, and instead indicative of suction feeding. Our findings suggest that baleen arose much closer to the origin of toothless mysticete whales than previously thought. In addition, they suggest an entirely new evolutionary scenario in which the transition from raptorial to baleen-assisted filter feeding was mediated by suction, thereby avoiding the problem of functional interference between teeth and the baleen rack.
{"title":"Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution","authors":"F. G. Marx, David P. Hocking, Travis Park, T. Ziegler, A. Evans, E. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.24199/J.MMV.2016.75.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24199/J.MMV.2016.75.04","url":null,"abstract":"Marx F.G., Hocking D.P., Park T., Ziegler T., Evans A.R. and Fitzgerald, E.M.G. 2016. Suction feeding preceded filtering in baleen whale evolution. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 71–82. The origin of baleen, the key adaptation of modern whales (Mysticeti), marks a profound yet poorly understood transition in vertebrate evolution, triggering the rise of the largest animals on Earth. Baleen is thought to have appeared in archaic tooth-bearing mysticetes during a transitional phase that combined raptorial feeding with incipient bulk filtering. Here we show that tooth wear in a new Late Oligocene mysticete belonging to the putatively transitional family Aetiocetidae is inconsistent with the presence of baleen, and instead indicative of suction feeding. Our findings suggest that baleen arose much closer to the origin of toothless mysticete whales than previously thought. In addition, they suggest an entirely new evolutionary scenario in which the transition from raptorial to baleen-assisted filter feeding was mediated by suction, thereby avoiding the problem of functional interference between teeth and the baleen rack.","PeriodicalId":53647,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of Museum Victoria","volume":"33 1","pages":"71-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90485931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.04
P. Barrett
Barrett, P.M. 2016. A new specimen of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithopoda: Dryosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 29–48. The anatomy of Valdosaurus canaliculatus is incompletely known and until recently was based exclusively upon the holotype femora. Additional discoveries from the Wessex Formation (Barremian) of the Isle of Wight during the past decade have considerably expanded the amount of material available and offered insights into the morphology of the vertebral column and pelvis. However, all of these specimens consist primarily of hind limb material. Here, I describe a newly discovered individual of this taxon, the most complete yet found, which was found in articulation and includes a partial dorsal series, an almost complete tail, pelvic material, and both hind limbs. Although the specimen is partially crushed it offers new information on the anatomy of Valdosaurus, facilitating comparisons with other dryosaurid taxa.
{"title":"A new specimen of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithopoda: Dryosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England","authors":"P. Barrett","doi":"10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.04","url":null,"abstract":"Barrett, P.M. 2016. A new specimen of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithopoda: Dryosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 29–48. The anatomy of Valdosaurus canaliculatus is incompletely known and until recently was based exclusively upon the holotype femora. Additional discoveries from the Wessex Formation (Barremian) of the Isle of Wight during the past decade have considerably expanded the amount of material available and offered insights into the morphology of the vertebral column and pelvis. However, all of these specimens consist primarily of hind limb material. Here, I describe a newly discovered individual of this taxon, the most complete yet found, which was found in articulation and includes a partial dorsal series, an almost complete tail, pelvic material, and both hind limbs. Although the specimen is partially crushed it offers new information on the anatomy of Valdosaurus, facilitating comparisons with other dryosaurid taxa.","PeriodicalId":53647,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of Museum Victoria","volume":"120 1","pages":"29-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77421994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.24199/J.MMV.2016.75.01
J. Watson
Watson, J.E. 2016. Two new species and a new record of hydroids (hydrozoa: hydroidolina) from Port Phillip, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 1–5. A hydroid colony from Port Phillip, southern Australia, yielded two new species, Sertularella eleganta and Bimeria lutea and a new record of Campanularia laminocarpa Millard, 1966, previously known from South Africa. Four other known species were epizoic on Sertularella eleganta.
{"title":"Two new species and a new record of hydroids (hydrozoa: hydroidolina) from Port Phillip, Australia","authors":"J. Watson","doi":"10.24199/J.MMV.2016.75.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24199/J.MMV.2016.75.01","url":null,"abstract":"Watson, J.E. 2016. Two new species and a new record of hydroids (hydrozoa: hydroidolina) from Port Phillip, Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 1–5. A hydroid colony from Port Phillip, southern Australia, yielded two new species, Sertularella eleganta and Bimeria lutea and a new record of Campanularia laminocarpa Millard, 1966, previously known from South Africa. Four other known species were epizoic on Sertularella eleganta.","PeriodicalId":53647,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of Museum Victoria","volume":"124 3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77571774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03
P. O’Loughlin, Elnaz Tavancheh, C. Harding
O’Loughlin P. M., Tavancheh, E. & Harding, C. 2016. The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53–70. Identifications of all lots of Holothuroidea specimens collected from February 1926 to January 1939 by the Discovery Expedition are listed with station data, locality and depth. This report includes identifications reported previously by Heding (in Heding & Panning), O’Loughlin & Ahearn, O’Loughlin et al. and O’Loughlin & VandenSpiegel. New taxa from the Discovery Expedition have been reported previously, and a summary is provided. The new taxa herein are for equatorial West Africa specimens: new genus Cucusquama O’Loughlin and new species Cucusquama wesafrica O’Loughlin. Systematic notes are provided for genera Clarkiella Heding (in Heding & Panning) and Echinopsolus Gutt, and species Ocnus capensis (Théel), genera Parathyonidium Heding (in Heding & Panning) and Pentactella Verrill, and species Psolus dubiosus Ludwig & Heding, Psolus lockhartae O’Loughlin & Whitfield and Sigmodota contorta (Ludwig). Earlier echinoderm specialists who studied Discovery Expedition holothuroids are acknowledged: Cynthia Ahearn, Elizabeth Deichmann, Svend Heding, Melanie Mackenzie, Albert Panning and Emily Whitfield.
O 'Loughlin P. M, Tavancheh, E. & Harding, C. 2016。探险发现海参(棘皮目:海参总科)。维多利亚博物馆回忆录75:53-70。发现考察队于1926年2月至1939年1月收集的所有多批全息鸟科标本的鉴定资料均列有站点数据、地点和深度。本报告包括Heding(在Heding & Panning)、O 'Loughlin & Ahearn、O 'Loughlin等人以及O 'Loughlin & VandenSpiegel先前报道的鉴定。发现考察的新分类群已有报道，并作了总结。赤道西非标本的新分类群为Cucusquama O 'Loughlin新属和Cucusquama wesafrica O 'Loughlin新种。系统的注释提供了Clarkiella Heding属(Heding & Panning)和Echinopsolus Gutt, Ocnus capensis (th)， Parathyonidium Heding属(Heding & Panning)和Pentactella Verrill，以及Psolus dubisus Ludwig & Heding, Psolus lockhartae O 'Loughlin & Whitfield和Sigmodota contorta (Ludwig)。早期研究探索探险队全息类的棘皮动物专家是公认的:Cynthia Ahearn, Elizabeth Deichmann, Svend Heding, Melanie Mackenzie, Albert Panning和Emily Whitfield。
{"title":"The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)","authors":"P. O’Loughlin, Elnaz Tavancheh, C. Harding","doi":"10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2016.75.03","url":null,"abstract":"O’Loughlin P. M., Tavancheh, E. & Harding, C. 2016. The Discovery Expedition sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 75: 53–70. Identifications of all lots of Holothuroidea specimens collected from February 1926 to January 1939 by the Discovery Expedition are listed with station data, locality and depth. This report includes identifications reported previously by Heding (in Heding & Panning), O’Loughlin & Ahearn, O’Loughlin et al. and O’Loughlin & VandenSpiegel. New taxa from the Discovery Expedition have been reported previously, and a summary is provided. The new taxa herein are for equatorial West Africa specimens: new genus Cucusquama O’Loughlin and new species Cucusquama wesafrica O’Loughlin. Systematic notes are provided for genera Clarkiella Heding (in Heding & Panning) and Echinopsolus Gutt, and species Ocnus capensis (Théel), genera Parathyonidium Heding (in Heding & Panning) and Pentactella Verrill, and species Psolus dubiosus Ludwig & Heding, Psolus lockhartae O’Loughlin & Whitfield and Sigmodota contorta (Ludwig). Earlier echinoderm specialists who studied Discovery Expedition holothuroids are acknowledged: Cynthia Ahearn, Elizabeth Deichmann, Svend Heding, Melanie Mackenzie, Albert Panning and Emily Whitfield.","PeriodicalId":53647,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of Museum Victoria","volume":"17 1","pages":"53-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83179957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.26
T. Bertozzi, Michael S. Y. Lee, S. Donnellan
Bertozzi, T., Lee, M.S.Y. and Donnellan, S.C. 2016. Stingray diversification across the end-Cretaceous extinctions. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 379–390. The evolution of stingrays (Myliobatiformes) is assessed using a new phylogeny with near-complete genus-level sampling, and additional molecular data. Stingrays diversified into three primary clades: (A) river stingrays, round rays and typical stingrays, (B) butterfly rays and stingarees and (C) eagle and manta rays. The enigmatic sixgill and deepwater rays (Hexatrygon and Plesiobatis) are not basal stingrays, but are part of the second clade. There is extensive clade-specific variation in molecular evolutionary rates across chondrichthyans: the most appropriate (autocorrelated) divergence dating methods indicate that the extant stingray radiation commenced in the late Cretaceous and continued across the K-Pg boundary. This is highly consistent with the fossil record, and suggests that Cretaceous stingrays, being primarily benthic taxa, were less affected by the K-Pg event than taxa inhabiting the water column. The largest pelagic radiation of stingrays (myliobatids: eagle and manta rays) evolved very shortly after the K-Pg boundary, consistent with rapid ecological expansion into newly-vacated pelagic niches.
{"title":"Stingray diversification across the end-Cretaceous extinctions","authors":"T. Bertozzi, Michael S. Y. Lee, S. Donnellan","doi":"10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24199/J.MMV.2016.74.26","url":null,"abstract":"Bertozzi, T., Lee, M.S.Y. and Donnellan, S.C. 2016. Stingray diversification across the end-Cretaceous extinctions. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 74: 379–390. The evolution of stingrays (Myliobatiformes) is assessed using a new phylogeny with near-complete genus-level sampling, and additional molecular data. Stingrays diversified into three primary clades: (A) river stingrays, round rays and typical stingrays, (B) butterfly rays and stingarees and (C) eagle and manta rays. The enigmatic sixgill and deepwater rays (Hexatrygon and Plesiobatis) are not basal stingrays, but are part of the second clade. There is extensive clade-specific variation in molecular evolutionary rates across chondrichthyans: the most appropriate (autocorrelated) divergence dating methods indicate that the extant stingray radiation commenced in the late Cretaceous and continued across the K-Pg boundary. This is highly consistent with the fossil record, and suggests that Cretaceous stingrays, being primarily benthic taxa, were less affected by the K-Pg event than taxa inhabiting the water column. The largest pelagic radiation of stingrays (myliobatids: eagle and manta rays) evolved very shortly after the K-Pg boundary, consistent with rapid ecological expansion into newly-vacated pelagic niches.","PeriodicalId":53647,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of Museum Victoria","volume":"47 1","pages":"379-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80923980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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