Medicine, Conflict and Survival最新文献

Lay Down Your Arms (1892), by the Austrian baroness Bertha von Suttner, is one of the most famous and consequential of anti-war novels. Its success led her to become a leader of the international peace movement in the quarter-century before the start of the First World War. No woman did more to try to prevent that war; a friend of Alfred Nobel, in 1905, she was the first woman to receive his peace prize. Originally published in German as Die Waffen nieder! (1889), the English translation was made by Timothy Holmes, a leading surgeon, Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, and author and editor of numerous important textbooks on surgery. Largely unknown, he was also an active member of the London-based International Arbitration and Peace Association (IAPA), which promoted arbitration as a substitute for the barbarous practice of war. He undertook the translation, as a labour of love, at the request of the IAPA. The skilled translation made the powerful novel available to a large global audience in the English-speaking world, thus strengthening the cause it was meant to promote. Holmes's involvement with IAPA, including the translation work, is documented in its monthly journal, Concord.

This cross-sectional study assessed Sudan's armed conflict impact on academicians and students, focusing on disruptions to professional, educational, and personal lives, including psychological trauma, displacement, and economic challenges. Using a mixed-methods approach, online questionnaires were distributed to 425 academicians and 539 students via social media and academic networks. Data were analysed to identify key trends and associations. The study reveals major disruptions: 65.9% of academicians faced salary cuts, 22.9% lost jobs, and 90.8% experienced property loss. Displacement affected 64% of academicians and 52% of students within Sudan, with many relocating abroad. Psychological distress was widespread, with 75.3% of academicians and 85% of students reporting stress, anxiety, or depression. Educational disruptions impacted 74.4% of students, hindered by limited internet and financial constraints. Despite challenges, 65.7% of participants wished to return to their institutions post-conflict. This study stresses the urgent need for economic, psychological, and educational support for affected academicians and students. Limitations, such as self-reported data and convenience sampling, may limit generalizability. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and assess interventions to mitigate conflict's effects on education and mental health. The findings highlight the need for targeted support to rebuild Sudan's academic sector and address the long-term consequences of armed conflict.

Violence against heath care workers in Iraq has reached an 'epidemic' level. It affects health care providers, receivers of care and the health system as a whole. This study aims to explore the reasons and impact of violence against junior doctors in Baghdad city. A sample of 223 junior doctors from 12 General and Teaching hospitals in Baghdad/Iraq were included in this survey. A semi-structured questionnaire was adopted that enquires about demographic and work characteristics, and details of workplace violent attacks. The results showed that 82% of the participants were either exposed to or witnessed workplace violence. The highest prevalence was among young newly graduated house officers. The source was mostly the patients' companions/relatives, and mainly attributed to work overload and lack of medicines/supplies. A significant positive association was found between exposure to WPV and all domains of burnout score. High emotional exhaustion was found in 79.1% of those exposed to WPV in comparison to 35.1% of those not exposed (p < 0.001). In addition, 39.1% of the participants met the criteria for potential risk of PTSD, while 11.2% showed the symptoms of a full PTSD diagnosis. Urgent practical interventions need to be undertaken by all those with influence and responsibility to control and reduce this behaviour.

Workplace violence against physicians is a significant issue within the Turkish healthcare system, demanding comprehensive insights to inform targeted interventions. This phenomenological study explores the experiences of four manager-physicians, selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria, such as a minimum of 25 years of experience and current managerial roles, through two rounds of in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The findings are categorized into manifestations of violence, underlying factors, and proposed preventive strategies. The results indicate that workplace violence often manifests as verbal abuse and physical aggression, primarily influenced by hospital overcrowding, patient entitlement, and insufficient communication training for physicians. The four participants noted that preventive measures could include strict legal consequences for perpetrators, stronger physician unions, and comprehensive communication training. Despite the limitations, such as the small sample size in a closed community in a relatively small town, this study contributes to theoretical understandings of workplace violence by linking these findings to the broader context of conflict in healthcare. The actionable recommendations highlight specific strategies that healthcare institutions and policymakers can implement to create a safer, more supportive environment for healthcare providers and patients.

Women and children are among the most vulnerable groups to be affected by internal displacement during conflict. The purpose of this research was to explore in detail the psychosocial problems and coping mechanisms of internally displaced women and children in West Gojjam, Ethiopia. Qualitative study with case study design was employed to investigate the problem in 2020. Women (n = 3) and children (n = 7) were selected for the study using purposive sampling strategy. Data were collected by using in-depth interview and observation. Data were transcribed, coded and categories of subthemes and themes were identified. The major psychosocial problems identified were loss of social respect, inferiority, social isolation, name-calling and abuse. Staying united, optimism and praying were the coping mechanisms. Findings have implications for future research and intervention strategies.