Medicine, Conflict and Survival最新文献

Physicians have recently become a target of workplace-violence, with rates four times higher than other workers studied. This study aimed to investigate the enormity and nature of violence directed against Iraqi doctors as well as to determine doctors' experiences in dealing with post-violence exposure and their plans to leave country for good. In this cross-sectional study, 397-medical staff surveyed online using reproducible, validated, and piloted questionnaire over a period of four weeks. Chi-square test used to assess the association between the typology of doctors'-violence exposure and their socio-demographic and workplace characteristics. Verbal-violence is the dominant-type experienced by Iraqi physicians (84.1%) followed by threats and physical-violence (50.4% and 31.2%). Resident-doctors are most affected among work-placements for all types of violence. Significant-associations have been observed between these three types of violent attacks and many of the doctors' demographic-characteristics (P < 0.05). Violence against Iraqi doctors has become common with a steady increase since 2003. Verbal-violence is the most constantly repeated aggression, usually resulting in either threats or a physical assault, which is commonly settled by paying a large amount of money as is invariably the tribal custom for a malpractice-claim, instead of having recourse to more formal and well-established legal action.

We conducted a population-based survey in 2013 in Kampala, Uganda, to examine violence and mental health outcomes among self-settled male refugees from the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Male DRC refugees aged 18+ years were sampled through respondent-driven sampling. Key interview domains included demographics, experiences of sexual and nonsexual violence, social support, PTSD, depression and suicide ideation. Data analysis was weighted to generate population-level estimates. We sampled 718 men (mean age: 33 years), most of whom had lived in North or South Kivu. Nonsexual violence, such as beatings (79.4%) and torture (63.8%), was frequent. A quarter (26.2%) had been raped; 49.9% of rape victims had been raped on multiple occasions, and 75.7% of rape victims had been gang raped. We estimated 52.8% had post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); 44.4% reported suicidal ideation. Numerous traumas were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with PTSD such as rape (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.82), war-related injuries (aOR = 2.90) or having been exposed to >15 traumas (compared to ≤10; aOR = 6.89). Traumata are frequent experiences in this self-settled male refugee population and are often accompanied by adverse mental health outcomes. Screening for trauma and adverse mental health outcomes and providing targeted services are paramount to improve these refugees' lives.

People with mental health illnesses are exposed to rejection by community members because of the negative attitudes from people towards them. This study assesses undergraduates' attitudes towards people with mental health illness in the Kurdistan region of Iraq and compares their attitudes with socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender and academic field of study. A quantitative descriptive study design has been used for this research. A multistage cluster sampling was used for data collection between May to June 2019 from a sample of 361 undergraduate students. A modified version of the British Market Research Bureau (BMRB) questionnaire was used for data collection. Undergraduate students from various fields of study have had different attitudes towards people with mental illnesses. Medical students have better understanding and more positive attitudes than students of the other fields. Male students showed more negative attitudes compared to female students. Furthermore, younger students had more negative attitudes than older students.

This study sought to explore the relationship between resilience as perceived within the Palestinian context, and individual, contextual, and psychosocial factors among adults living in the Gaza Strip. Secondly, this study applies the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale to the Palestinian population within the context of the challenges they are facing while living under extended sieges, in order to examine the generalizability of the resilience scale. Gender-specific bivariate analyses and multivariate linear regression were conducted to examine links between resilience, and diverse psychosocial and contextual factors. Males scored higher in resilience than females. Consistent predictors of higher resilience included, being male, employed, income, not living in a peaceful area, higher life satisfaction, and the Palestinian idea of resilience (Sumud). For the overall sample and males, hardiness was a positive predictor of higher resilience. For the overall sample and females, post-secondary education was a positive predictor of resilience. Psychosocial factors may act synergistically to foster resilience in the face of adversity, low socioeconomic status, and fear of living in a non-peaceful area. Our findings add to a limited body of literature calling for attention to contextual and psychosocial influences on gender differences in measuring and defining the dynamic nature of resilience.