Medicine, Conflict and Survival最新文献

Introduction: Recent global events have underscored the importance of moral leadership and courage. A series of moderated conversations about moral leadership and dilemmas during times of conflict and crisis were facilitated in 2021 with Lieutenant-General (ret'd) The Honourable Romeo Dallaire, military and global affairs experts and international scholars from North America, Europe, Australia and the global south, together with students from the Netherlands and Canada.

Objective: To explore topics of moral leadership, courage and dilemmas during adversity.

Methods: A total of 94 participants engaged in a series of online conversations (n = 8) and focus groups (n = 3). Sessions were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.

Results: Thematic analysis revealed three critical themes: (1) enhancing awareness of moral leadership, (2) moving towards a new vision of moral leadership, and (3) developing training in moral leadership.

Conclusion: These results highlight key insights that may guide current and future leaders. In response to societal diversity and global complexities, traditional leadership and organizational practices may need to be reconsidered. In addition to essential leadership skills, emerging leaders need to be supported to be competent, engaged moral leaders. They may also benefit from positive role-modelling and moral leadership training during basic through advanced leadership and pre-deployment training.

Academic publications on human rights violations in Gaza surged after Israel's large-scale destruction following Hamas's 7 October 2023 attack. We analysed the uncoordinated cooperative efforts documented in these works by reviewing publications addressing the health and humanitarian crises in Gaza between October 2023 and April 2024. We present a unified academic voice advocating for recognizing and restoring human rights for the people of Gaza. In the publications, we identified three key themes: 'expression', 'emotionality' and 'expectations'. Many academics openly express how they see Israel's actions in Gaza. In line with the International Court of Justice and the UN Special Rapporteur, they believe Gaza is facing 'apartheid', 'ethnic cleansing', or 'genocide' by Israel. This understanding further takes an emotional toll on academics, as most of them feel it 'painful' to process information and write about hunger, death, destruction and isolation in Gaza. Academics express disappointment in Western political powers that enable Israel's continuing human rights violations in Gaza. At the same time, they demand that political powers take immediate measures to ensure a permanent ceasefire in Gaza and its rebuilding, as some view the UN as a 'soft' body as it is unable to enforce the ceasefire.

Background: The consequences of the war and siege in Tigray on pertussis cases have not been previously assessed.

Method: All children diagnosed with pertussis in Ayder Hospital two years before and during the war and siege of Tigray. Data were collected using ODK software and analysed with SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to assess the impact of the war and siege. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Data from a total of 144 children were analysed, most of whom (78.5%, 113/144) had been admitted during the war and siege period. Males accounted for 53.5% of the cases. Statistically significant differences were observed during the war and siege compared to pre-war time with age (p = 0.043), patient complications (p = 0.011), vaccination status (p = 0.015), nutritional status (p = 0.039), type of pertussis (p = 0.043), receipt of appropriate treatment (p = 0.000), and place of treatment (p = 0.011). Poor outcomes and treatment were more prevalent during the war than before.

Conclusion: Pertussis outbreaks during the war and siege in Tigray were associated with poorer outcomes across all age groups.