Abstract The paper deals with research uncertainties, difficulties, inaccuracies and unreliabilities related to the modelling of physical phenomena involving coastal lithodynamics. The considerations are focused on processes of wave transformation, wave-driven currents and sediment transport itself. It is shown that possible inaccuracies at individual stages of the modelling of coastal hydrodynamics can lead to serious uncertainties with respect to the ultimate modelling output, namely bed shear stresses and sediment transport rates. These inaccuracies result mostly from arbitrarily assumed parameters and constants. Other modelling biases discussed in the paper comprise simplifications and approximations with respect to sediment resources and size-graded properties, randomness of hydrodynamic impacts, bottom roughness and land-borne factors involved in coastal lithodynamics.
{"title":"On Uncertainties in Determination of Sediment Transport Rates in Coastal Regions","authors":"R. Ostrowski","doi":"10.1515/heem-2016-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2016-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper deals with research uncertainties, difficulties, inaccuracies and unreliabilities related to the modelling of physical phenomena involving coastal lithodynamics. The considerations are focused on processes of wave transformation, wave-driven currents and sediment transport itself. It is shown that possible inaccuracies at individual stages of the modelling of coastal hydrodynamics can lead to serious uncertainties with respect to the ultimate modelling output, namely bed shear stresses and sediment transport rates. These inaccuracies result mostly from arbitrarily assumed parameters and constants. Other modelling biases discussed in the paper comprise simplifications and approximations with respect to sediment resources and size-graded properties, randomness of hydrodynamic impacts, bottom roughness and land-borne factors involved in coastal lithodynamics.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/heem-2016-0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66835678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A small-scale model experiment on the pull-out resistance of suction caissons is described. The pull-out force and suction developed within the caisson in the extraction process were recorded during the experiment. A simple breakout model, together with an elementary static formulae, is applied to predict the results obtained experimentally. There is a reasonably good agreement between the experimental results and predictions. An extensive discussion of the approach applied is included. The analysis presented in this paper is original, as it differs from other approaches mentioned in this paper, and leads to acceptable predictions. At the end, the results are also compared with another approach for predicting the capacity of suction caissons.
{"title":"The Pull-out Capacity of Suction Caissons in Model Investigations","authors":"A. Sawicki, Ł. Wachowski, M. Kulczykowski","doi":"10.1515/heem-2016-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2016-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A small-scale model experiment on the pull-out resistance of suction caissons is described. The pull-out force and suction developed within the caisson in the extraction process were recorded during the experiment. A simple breakout model, together with an elementary static formulae, is applied to predict the results obtained experimentally. There is a reasonably good agreement between the experimental results and predictions. An extensive discussion of the approach applied is included. The analysis presented in this paper is original, as it differs from other approaches mentioned in this paper, and leads to acceptable predictions. At the end, the results are also compared with another approach for predicting the capacity of suction caissons.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/heem-2016-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66834491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The knowledge of transient flow in pressure pipelines is very important for the designing and describing of pressure networks. The water hammer is the most common example of transient flow in pressure pipelines. During this phenomenon, the transformation of kinetic energy into pressure energy causes significant changes in pressure, which can lead to serious problems in the management of pressure networks. The phenomenon is very complex, and a large number of different factors influence its course. In the case of a water hammer caused by valve closing, the characteristic of gate closure is one of the most important factors. However, this factor is rarely investigated. In this paper, the results of physical experiments with water hammer in steel and PE pipelines are described and analyzed. For each water hammer, characteristics of pressure change and valve closing were recorded. The measurements were compared with the results of calculations perfomed by common methods used by engineers - Michaud’s equation and Wood and Jones’s method. The comparison revealed very significant differences between the results of calculations and the results of experiments. In addition, it was shown that, the characteristic of butterfly valve closure has a significant influence on water hammer, which should be taken into account in analyzing this phenomenon. Comparison of the results of experiments with the results of calculations? may lead to new, improved calculation methods and to new methods to describe transient flow.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Impact of Valve Closure Time on the Course of Water Hammer","authors":"A. Kodura","doi":"10.1515/heem-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The knowledge of transient flow in pressure pipelines is very important for the designing and describing of pressure networks. The water hammer is the most common example of transient flow in pressure pipelines. During this phenomenon, the transformation of kinetic energy into pressure energy causes significant changes in pressure, which can lead to serious problems in the management of pressure networks. The phenomenon is very complex, and a large number of different factors influence its course. In the case of a water hammer caused by valve closing, the characteristic of gate closure is one of the most important factors. However, this factor is rarely investigated. In this paper, the results of physical experiments with water hammer in steel and PE pipelines are described and analyzed. For each water hammer, characteristics of pressure change and valve closing were recorded. The measurements were compared with the results of calculations perfomed by common methods used by engineers - Michaud’s equation and Wood and Jones’s method. The comparison revealed very significant differences between the results of calculations and the results of experiments. In addition, it was shown that, the characteristic of butterfly valve closure has a significant influence on water hammer, which should be taken into account in analyzing this phenomenon. Comparison of the results of experiments with the results of calculations? may lead to new, improved calculation methods and to new methods to describe transient flow.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/heem-2016-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66834280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In Poland, in recent years, there has been a rapid accumulation of sewage sludge - a by-product in the treatment of urban wastewater. This has come about as a result of infrastructure renewal, specifically, the construction of modern sewage treatment plants. The more stringent regulations and strategic goals adopted for modern sewage management have necessitated the application of modern engineering methodology for the disposal of sewage sludge. One approach is incineration. As a consequence, the amount of fly ash resulting from the thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge has grown significantly. Hence, intensive work is in progress for environmentally safe management of this type of waste. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the possibility of using the fly ash that results from municipal sewage sludge thermal treatment (SSTT) as an additive to hardening slurries. This type of hardening slurry with various types of additives, e.g. coal combustion products, is used in the construction of cut-off walls in hydraulic structures. The article presents the technological and functional parameters of hardening slurries with an addition of fly ash obtained by SSTT. Moreover, the usefulness of these slurries is analysed on the basis of their basic properties, i.e. density, contractual viscosity, water separation, structural strength, volumetric density, hydraulic conductivity, compressive and tensile strength. The mandated requirements for slurries employed in the construction of cut-off walls in flood embankments are listed as a usefulness criteria. The article presents the potential uses of fly ash from SSTT in hardening slurry technology. It also suggests directions for further research to fully identify other potential uses of this by-product in this field.
{"title":"Possible Applications of Hardening Slurries with Fly Ash from Thermal Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludge in Environmental Protection Structures","authors":"P. Falaciński, Ł. Szarek","doi":"10.1515/heem-2016-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2016-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Poland, in recent years, there has been a rapid accumulation of sewage sludge - a by-product in the treatment of urban wastewater. This has come about as a result of infrastructure renewal, specifically, the construction of modern sewage treatment plants. The more stringent regulations and strategic goals adopted for modern sewage management have necessitated the application of modern engineering methodology for the disposal of sewage sludge. One approach is incineration. As a consequence, the amount of fly ash resulting from the thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge has grown significantly. Hence, intensive work is in progress for environmentally safe management of this type of waste. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the possibility of using the fly ash that results from municipal sewage sludge thermal treatment (SSTT) as an additive to hardening slurries. This type of hardening slurry with various types of additives, e.g. coal combustion products, is used in the construction of cut-off walls in hydraulic structures. The article presents the technological and functional parameters of hardening slurries with an addition of fly ash obtained by SSTT. Moreover, the usefulness of these slurries is analysed on the basis of their basic properties, i.e. density, contractual viscosity, water separation, structural strength, volumetric density, hydraulic conductivity, compressive and tensile strength. The mandated requirements for slurries employed in the construction of cut-off walls in flood embankments are listed as a usefulness criteria. The article presents the potential uses of fly ash from SSTT in hardening slurry technology. It also suggests directions for further research to fully identify other potential uses of this by-product in this field.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/heem-2016-0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66834349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper deals with long water waves propagating in a straight canal of constant depth and variable section. In the formulation of this problem, a simplified, one-dimensional model is considered that is based on the assumption of a “columnar” fluid motion. To this end, a system of material coordinates is employed as independent variables in the description of this phenomenon. The main attention is focused on transient solutions corresponding to a fluid motion starting from rest.With respect to the initial value problem considered,we confine our attention to a finite domain fluid motion induced by a piston-type generator placed at the beginning of the canal. For a finite elapse of time, measured from the starting point, the solution in the finite fluid area mimics a solution within an infinite domain, inherent for wave propagation problems. The main goal of our investigations is to describe the evolution of the free surface (the wave height) at the smallest section of the canal. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the model formulation developed in this paper. The accuracy of this approximate description is assessed by comparing its results with data obtained in hydraulic experiments performed in a laboratory flume.
{"title":"Transformation of Long Waves in a Canal of Variable Section","authors":"K. Szmidt, B. Hedzielski","doi":"10.1515/heem-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper deals with long water waves propagating in a straight canal of constant depth and variable section. In the formulation of this problem, a simplified, one-dimensional model is considered that is based on the assumption of a “columnar” fluid motion. To this end, a system of material coordinates is employed as independent variables in the description of this phenomenon. The main attention is focused on transient solutions corresponding to a fluid motion starting from rest.With respect to the initial value problem considered,we confine our attention to a finite domain fluid motion induced by a piston-type generator placed at the beginning of the canal. For a finite elapse of time, measured from the starting point, the solution in the finite fluid area mimics a solution within an infinite domain, inherent for wave propagation problems. The main goal of our investigations is to describe the evolution of the free surface (the wave height) at the smallest section of the canal. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the model formulation developed in this paper. The accuracy of this approximate description is assessed by comparing its results with data obtained in hydraulic experiments performed in a laboratory flume.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66834262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper deals with the sandy coastal zone at Lubiatowo in Poland (the south Baltic Sea). The study comprises experimental and theoretical investigations of hydrodynamic and lithodynamic processes in the coastal region located close to the seaward boundary of the surf zone and beyond the surf zone. The analysis is based on field data collected at the IBW PAN Coastal Research Station in Lubiatowo. The data consist of wind velocity reconstructed from the long-term wave climate, deep-water wave buoy records and sea bottom soil parameters. Nearbed flow velocities induced by waves and currents, as well as bed shear stresses are theoretically modelled for various conditions to determine sediment motion regimes in the considered area. The paper discusses the possibility of occasional intensive sediment transport and the occurrence of distinct sea bed changes at bigger water depths.
{"title":"Sediment Transport Beyond the Surf Zone Under Waves and Currents of the Non-Tidal Sea: Lubiatowo (Poland) Case Study","authors":"R. Ostrowski, M. Stella","doi":"10.1515/heem-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper deals with the sandy coastal zone at Lubiatowo in Poland (the south Baltic Sea). The study comprises experimental and theoretical investigations of hydrodynamic and lithodynamic processes in the coastal region located close to the seaward boundary of the surf zone and beyond the surf zone. The analysis is based on field data collected at the IBW PAN Coastal Research Station in Lubiatowo. The data consist of wind velocity reconstructed from the long-term wave climate, deep-water wave buoy records and sea bottom soil parameters. Nearbed flow velocities induced by waves and currents, as well as bed shear stresses are theoretically modelled for various conditions to determine sediment motion regimes in the considered area. The paper discusses the possibility of occasional intensive sediment transport and the occurrence of distinct sea bed changes at bigger water depths.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66834361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents results of field and theoretical investigations of wave transformation in the surf zone near the IBW PAN Coastal Research Station in Lubiatowo (Poland, the south Baltic Sea). The study site displays multi-bar cross-shore profiles that intensively dissipate wave energy, mostly induced by breaking. The main field data comprise wave heights and cross-shore bathymetric profiles.Wave transformation is modelled theoretically by two approaches, namely the IBW PAN phase-averaged wave transformation model and the approach based on the hydraulic jump model, developed by Hsu & Lai (2009) for hydrological situations encountered under the actual conditions of two field campaigns - in 1987 and 1996. Discrepancies between the measured data and the model results are discussed. In general, the model results are in good agreement with the in-situ observations. The comparison of the field data with the computational results concerns a part of the surf zone between about 5 m water depth and the first nearshore stable bar, where the depth amounts to ca. 1.2 m.
{"title":"Wave Transformation in a Multi-Bar Surf Zone: Case Study of Lubiatowo (Poland)","authors":"Y. Lan, T. Hsu, R. Ostrowski, M. Szmytkiewicz","doi":"10.1515/heem-2016-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2016-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents results of field and theoretical investigations of wave transformation in the surf zone near the IBW PAN Coastal Research Station in Lubiatowo (Poland, the south Baltic Sea). The study site displays multi-bar cross-shore profiles that intensively dissipate wave energy, mostly induced by breaking. The main field data comprise wave heights and cross-shore bathymetric profiles.Wave transformation is modelled theoretically by two approaches, namely the IBW PAN phase-averaged wave transformation model and the approach based on the hydraulic jump model, developed by Hsu & Lai (2009) for hydrological situations encountered under the actual conditions of two field campaigns - in 1987 and 1996. Discrepancies between the measured data and the model results are discussed. In general, the model results are in good agreement with the in-situ observations. The comparison of the field data with the computational results concerns a part of the surf zone between about 5 m water depth and the first nearshore stable bar, where the depth amounts to ca. 1.2 m.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66834269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Professor Andrzej Sawicki, a distinguished Polish scientist, died on 5 March 2016 at the age of 68. He made outstanding contributions to several branches of civil engineering, soil mechanics and applied mechanics, including structural mechanics, hydro-elasticity, theory of composite materials, mechanics of reinforced soil, mechanics of sand compaction and liquefaction. The fields of soil mechanics and applied mechanics have lost in him an eminent and very creative researcher.
{"title":"Professor Andrzej Sawicki 1947 – 2016","authors":"R. Staroszczyk","doi":"10.1515/heem-2016-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2016-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Andrzej Sawicki, a distinguished Polish scientist, died on 5 March 2016 at the age of 68. He made outstanding contributions to several branches of civil engineering, soil mechanics and applied mechanics, including structural mechanics, hydro-elasticity, theory of composite materials, mechanics of reinforced soil, mechanics of sand compaction and liquefaction. The fields of soil mechanics and applied mechanics have lost in him an eminent and very creative researcher.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66834622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Laboratory experiments in a straight flume were carried out to examine the evolution of large-scale horizontal turbulent structures under flat-bed and deformed-bed conditions. In this paper, the horizontal turbulence of flow under these conditions is analyzed and compared. The conditioned quadrant method is applied to verify the occurrence of turbulent events. The distributions of horizontal Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy are also presented and discussed. Results show the occurrence of an “initial” sequence of horizontal vortices whose average spatial length scales with the channel width. Under deformed-bed conditions, this spatial length does not change.
{"title":"Experimental Analysis of Horizontal Turbulence of Flow over Flat and Deformed Beds","authors":"D. Termini","doi":"10.1515/heem-2015-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2015-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Laboratory experiments in a straight flume were carried out to examine the evolution of large-scale horizontal turbulent structures under flat-bed and deformed-bed conditions. In this paper, the horizontal turbulence of flow under these conditions is analyzed and compared. The conditioned quadrant method is applied to verify the occurrence of turbulent events. The distributions of horizontal Reynolds shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy are also presented and discussed. Results show the occurrence of an “initial” sequence of horizontal vortices whose average spatial length scales with the channel width. Under deformed-bed conditions, this spatial length does not change.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/heem-2015-0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66834115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of this paper was to analyze theoretical aspects of calculating steady water flow through unsubmerged circular orifices. Theoretical analysis shows that the values of discharge obtained by using formulas intended for small orifices are greater than those calculated using formulas for large orifices. These differences attain a maximum value when the water level reaches the upper edge of the orifice, and decrease when water head increases. It has been proven that the volumetric flow rate for circular unsubmerged orifices can be calculated by formulas for small orifices when the water level above the center of gravity is at least four times as high as the diameter of the orifice.
{"title":"Assessment of Equivalence of Small and Large Orifice Computational Models","authors":"Michał Kubrak","doi":"10.1515/heem-2015-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/heem-2015-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper was to analyze theoretical aspects of calculating steady water flow through unsubmerged circular orifices. Theoretical analysis shows that the values of discharge obtained by using formulas intended for small orifices are greater than those calculated using formulas for large orifices. These differences attain a maximum value when the water level reaches the upper edge of the orifice, and decrease when water head increases. It has been proven that the volumetric flow rate for circular unsubmerged orifices can be calculated by formulas for small orifices when the water level above the center of gravity is at least four times as high as the diameter of the orifice.","PeriodicalId":53658,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/heem-2015-0020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66834105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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