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Social Networks as a New Tool that Facilitates the Development of Urban Adolescents 社会网络作为促进城市青少年发展的新工具
Pub Date : 2018-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1527127
K. Polivanova, D. Koroleva
The article demonstrates that the extent and mode of adolescent participation in social networks have changed with the rapid development of social media technologies. If, at the time when they were first introduced, social networks complemented direct communication and were studied as a separate additional space, now, because of the development of mobile technologies, direct and indirect communications have merged to form a single space. This is reflected in the fact that adolescents have a hard time distinguishing between these spaces in their responses to surveys. This reality, which we discovered during the course of our study, indicates that the methodology that is used to study both the communication of adolescents and the social networks themselves should be revised. Social networks have integrated themselves into the lives of schoolchildren, though their potential for education and the question of how they can be integrated into the education system have been totally ignored. In fact, our study has confirmed the existence of a new, third wave of the computerization of education. This one is not being conducted from the top down, as was true of the two previous ones (which occurred in the 1980s and 2000s), in which state goals for the computerization of the school system led to transformations at the level of the individual schools. Rather, users are instigating this new revolution, and the formal structures are being forced to respond. It has turned out that the system of education is not prepared for such a situation, and as a result teachers and administrators are imposing unjustified and easily violated bans on the use of personal devices. As a consequence, students are becoming increasingly alienated from school.
文章表明,随着社交媒体技术的快速发展,青少年参与社交网络的程度和模式发生了变化。如果说,在最初引入社交网络时,社交网络是对直接通信的补充,并作为一个单独的附加空间进行研究,那么现在,由于移动技术的发展,直接通信和间接通信已经合并形成了一个单一的空间。这反映在青少年在对调查的回应中很难区分这些空间。我们在研究过程中发现的这一现实表明,用于研究青少年沟通和社交网络本身的方法应该进行修订。社交网络已经融入了学童的生活,尽管他们的教育潜力以及如何融入教育系统的问题被完全忽视了。事实上,我们的研究已经证实了新的第三波教育电脑化浪潮的存在。这一次并没有像前两次(发生在20世纪80年代和21世纪初)那样自上而下地进行,在前两次中,国家对学校系统电脑化的目标导致了各个学校层面的变革。相反,用户正在煽动这场新的革命,而正式的结构正被迫做出回应。事实证明,教育系统没有为这种情况做好准备,因此,教师和行政人员对使用个人设备实施了不合理且容易违反的禁令。因此,学生们越来越疏远学校。
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引用次数: 3
Potential for Using Mobile and Networking Technologies in Teaching 在教学中使用移动和网络技术的潜力
Pub Date : 2018-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1495021
D. Koroleva
The article investigates the accessibility of mobile and networking technologies to schoolchildren of different ages living in various areas and how they use these technologies. The author considers the potential ways in which modern technologies can be used in education. The potential benefits of such technologies are particularly promising for rural schools. The article comments on the modern trend to create a seamless educational environment on the basis of e-learning.
本文调查了生活在不同地区的不同年龄的学童对移动和网络技术的可及性以及他们如何使用这些技术。作者考虑了现代技术在教育中的潜在应用方式。这些技术的潜在好处对农村学校尤其有希望。本文评述了以电子学习为基础创造无缝教育环境的现代趋势。
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引用次数: 3
Race for the Future 面向未来的竞赛
Pub Date : 2018-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1495017
A. Asmolov, Garri Bardin
The article discusses the risks and effects of predicting the future. It describes the competition between two images of the future that can be found in current predictions. We discuss the question of changing our basic conceptions about the essence of human nature, the most important properties and qualities of people in connection with the onset of the current era of uncertainty, and the complexity and diversity of the human experience. We describe the context that surrounds the practice of predicting the future, namely the transition from the world of SPOD to the world of VUCA. The author reminds the designers of the future of the importance of correlating futurist programs with the expectations and motivational attitudes of the different social strata in Russian society. The author reviews current educational policy, and he describes the general features of the education reforms of recent decades and the risks created by their shortcomings. The article outlines the conditions for constructing a promising and human-centric model of 21st-century education (“the garden of dignity culture”) for “complex free people.”
文章讨论了预测未来的风险和效果。它描述了在当前预测中可以找到的两种未来图像之间的竞争。我们讨论了改变我们对人性本质的基本概念的问题,与当前不确定性时代的到来有关的人的最重要的特性和品质,以及人类经历的复杂性和多样性。我们描述了围绕预测未来的实践的背景,即从SPOD世界到VUCA世界的转变。作者提醒未来的设计师,将未来主义计划与俄罗斯社会不同阶层的期望和动机态度联系起来的重要性。作者回顾了当前的教育政策,并描述了近几十年来教育改革的总体特征及其不足所带来的风险。文章概述了为“复杂的自由人”构建一个有前途的、以人为中心的21世纪教育模式(“尊严文化花园”)的条件
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引用次数: 7
The Systemic Crisis in Education as a Threat to Russia’s National Security 威胁俄罗斯国家安全的教育系统危机
Pub Date : 2018-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1495022
V. Slobodchikov, I. Korolkova, A. A. Ostapenko, M. Zakharchenko, Y. V. Shestun, S. Rybakov, D. Moiseyev, S. N. Korotkikh
The authors describe the factors that are destroying the Russian education system, a strategy and tactics for overcoming the crisis, as well as model ideas about the future of education in Russia.
作者描述了破坏俄罗斯教育系统的因素,克服危机的战略和策略,以及关于俄罗斯教育未来的模式思想。
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引用次数: 3
The Liberal Arts in Russia 俄罗斯的文科
Pub Date : 2018-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1495018
S. Bogolepova, N. Malkova
The article analyzes the applicability of the liberal arts education model to Russian higher education. We describe the distinguishing traits of the model from the points of view of administrators and teachers. We focus on the challenges that the Russian system would face if individual features were thoughtlessly borrowed from this Western system without considering the local context.
文章分析了文科教育模式在俄罗斯高等教育中的适用性。我们从管理者和教师的角度描述了该模式的显著特征。我们关注的是,如果不考虑当地情况,轻率地借鉴西方体系的个别特征,俄罗斯体系将面临的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Restructuring the System of Higher Education 重构高等教育体制
Pub Date : 2018-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1495019
K. Zinkovsky, P. Derkachev
We investigate the main question of whether higher education institutions are able to increase their performance due to mergers, takeovers, or organizational restructuring. The problem of measuring performance when there are several “output” and “input” indicators can currently be solved by recourse to a proven data analysis method (data envelopment analysis, DEA). Two models are presented to assess the educational and research performance of universities. The DEA model, which is input orientated and has constant returns to scale, was used to perform calculations. To conduct a comparative analysis of groups of universities that are at various stages of the restructuring process, the study authors proposed several classifications of universities: by number of consolidated and/or eliminated organizational units, by period when restructuring was completed, by type of restructuring mechanism, and on the basis of whether technical colleges have been joined to the university in question. We used nonparametric statistical methods for comparing averages to test the proposed hypotheses. Our study sample consisted of 132 universities whose parent agency is the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The authors did not discover that the performance of the universities deteriorated as a result of the restructuring process. It turned out that universities that actively participate in restructuring processes in fact increased their performance level relative to other universities. The study did not reveal that institutions that are currently in the process of being merged with or taken over by other institutions experience a temporary decline and subsequent restoration of their performance level. The performed analysis did not confirm the hypothesis that universities that absorbed technical colleges experienced a drop in their performance level. The results of the study unanimously show that by 2015 universities made progress in bridging the gap with the performance level of their leading competitors compared to 2010. The authors are aware that the verification of the accuracy of the proposed arguments requires a more detailed study of the universities. Because many countries have already accumulated a large amount of experience in how to restructure institutions of higher education, the results of the present study of the restructuring of Russian universities make it possible to draw comparisons as well as to use the developed theoretical concepts to explain and predict the possible consequences of using various restructuring mechanisms. The study is based on the widely accepted method of data envelopment analysis. This article represents the first time that this method has been used to benchmark university performance over time.
我们研究的主要问题是高等教育机构是否能够通过兼并、收购或组织重组来提高绩效。当有几个“输出”和“输入”指标时,衡量绩效的问题目前可以通过求助于一种经过验证的数据分析方法(数据包络分析,DEA)来解决。本文提出了两种评估大学教育与科研绩效的模型。采用投入导向且规模收益恒定的DEA模型进行计算。为了对处于重组过程不同阶段的大学群体进行比较分析,研究作者提出了几种大学分类:按合并和/或取消的组织单位数量,按重组完成的时间,按重组机制的类型,以及根据技术学院是否与所讨论的大学合并。我们使用非参数统计方法比较平均值来检验提出的假设。我们的研究样本包括132所大学,它们的上级机构是俄罗斯联邦教育和科学部。作者没有发现大学的绩效恶化是重组过程的结果。结果表明,积极参与结构调整的大学的业绩水平反而比其他大学有所提高。这项研究并没有显示,目前正在被其他机构合并或接管的机构,其业绩水平会暂时下降,随后会恢复。所进行的分析并没有证实吸收了技术学院的大学的表现水平下降的假设。研究结果一致表明,与2010年相比,到2015年,大学在缩小与主要竞争对手的表现水平差距方面取得了进展。作者意识到,要验证所提出论点的准确性,需要对大学进行更详细的研究。由于许多国家在如何重组高等教育机构方面已经积累了大量的经验,因此本研究的结果使俄罗斯大学重组有可能进行比较,并利用发达的理论概念来解释和预测使用各种重组机制可能产生的后果。本研究基于广为接受的数据包络分析方法。本文首次将这种方法用于大学绩效的长期基准测试。
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引用次数: 9
The Adolescent in the Online Game 网络游戏中的青少年
Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1473690
K. Khlomov, A. Kondrashkin, P. A. Kuzin, S. M. Kalyakina, K. I. Tyulkanova, D. Medvedev
This article addresses the need for changes in current views on adolescent development. It presents observations of adolescent behavior in the online game Dragon Nest that were conducted by specialists from the Crossroads Center for Social and Psychological Adaptation and Adolescent Development, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, in 2013. These observations helped form theories about age-specific tasks arising in adolescence. The restorative approach was selected as the theoretical basis for this work. This approach represents the practical application of the cultural-historical theory and the activity theory to the provision of social and psychological assistance to adolescents. An analysis of adolescent activity in a game, the structure of communication, and observations of adolescent relationships in online gaming space make it possible to form theories on the role of communication among peers in today’s society in terms of adolescent individuation and development.
这篇文章论述了改变当前对青少年发展的看法的必要性。2013年,莫斯科国立心理与教育大学十字路口社会心理适应与青少年发展中心的专家对网络游戏《龙巢》中的青少年行为进行了观察。这些观察有助于形成关于青春期特定年龄任务的理论。选择恢复性方法作为这项工作的理论基础。这种方法代表了文化历史理论和活动理论在向青少年提供社会和心理援助方面的实际应用。通过对青少年在游戏中的活动、交流结构的分析,以及对网络游戏空间中青少年关系的观察,有可能形成关于同龄人之间交流在当今社会中对青少年个性化和发展的作用的理论。
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引用次数: 1
The Motivations Behind Educational and Professional Choices of Kazakhstani Youth (Based on the Results of Sociological Studies) 哈萨克斯坦青年教育和职业选择背后的动机(基于社会学研究结果)
Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1473700
M. Shnarbekova
This article presents the results of a sociological study of the factors that inform values as well as educational and professional choices of modern youth. The survey was based on a multi-stage sample where the key selection criteria included socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, and nationality), region, and academic major.
本文介绍了一项社会学研究的结果,该研究涉及现代青年的价值观以及教育和职业选择。该调查基于多阶段样本,主要选择标准包括社会人口特征(性别、年龄和国籍)、地区和学术专业。
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引用次数: 5
Deploying a Corporate Learning System at the Innovative Startup 在创新型初创企业中部署企业学习系统
Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1473688
O. Gaponova, I. Korshunov
The article discusses an empirical study that was conducted by the authors, in which they surveyed focus groups of young innovative entrepreneurs who are at different stages of creating their own projects. The authors devote particular attention to how training programs for the founders and staff should be implemented as the startup develops from its early phases into a sustainable-growth business.
这篇文章讨论了作者进行的一项实证研究,在该研究中,他们调查了处于创建自己项目不同阶段的年轻创新企业家的焦点群体。作者特别关注在初创企业从早期发展成为可持续增长企业的过程中,如何实施创始人和员工的培训计划。
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引用次数: 3
Modern Parenthood as a Subject of Research 现代亲子关系的研究主题
Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10609393.2018.1473695
K. Polivanova
We discuss the current socio-cultural situation surrounding parenthood on the basis of an extensive literature review. A distinction is drawn between the constructs of “parenthood” as a social role and “parenting” as a process of raising children. We describe the main social trends: Modern parenthood is analyzed and problematized in connection with the specific features of the modern challenges faced by young educated parents. These trends include the following: the disappearance of understandable models of how to raise children in a family that were taught to parents when they were themselves children, the explosion in the number of ways in which a family can be raised, and a growing number of parenting products and services. All of these factors are symptoms of the decline of “natural” parenting and its replacement by a set of consciously planned strategies. The article shows that as educated members of the population refer to expert knowledge to guide them as parents, it gives rise to a new level of uncertainty due to the fact that the recommendations that are given are inconsistent with each other. A discussion of the transformations in family and upbringing practices shows that they have evolved from a child-centric model to an adult-centric one. Thus, we provide supporting evidence for the conclusion that modern parents raise children against the backdrop of many (perceived and unconscious) contradictions, including, in particular, the one between the growing importance placed on career and life success and the continuing value placed on parenthood, which cannot but affect the parent’s experiences. The growing interest in the study of parental identity and self-efficacy represents a promising research area.
我们在广泛的文献回顾的基础上讨论当前的社会文化状况。作为社会角色的“为人父母”和作为养育子女过程的“养育子女”的概念之间存在着区别。我们描述了主要的社会趋势:现代父母是分析和问题的具体特点,面临的现代挑战的年轻受过教育的父母。这些趋势包括以下几点:父母在自己还是孩子的时候被教导的如何在家庭中抚养孩子的可理解模式的消失,家庭抚养方式的爆炸式增长,以及越来越多的育儿产品和服务。所有这些因素都是“自然”养育方式衰落的症状,取而代之的是一套有意识的计划策略。这篇文章表明,由于受过教育的人口成员参考专家知识来指导他们作为父母,由于所给出的建议彼此不一致,这就产生了新的不确定性。对家庭和养育实践转变的讨论表明,它们已经从以儿童为中心的模式演变为以成人为中心的模式。因此,我们为以下结论提供了支持性证据:现代父母是在许多(可感知的和无意识的)矛盾的背景下养育孩子的,特别是,在越来越重视事业和生活成功与继续重视为人父母之间的矛盾,这不能不影响父母的经历。对父母身份和自我效能感研究的兴趣日益浓厚,这是一个很有前途的研究领域。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Russian Education and Society
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