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Influence Work, Resistance, and Educational Life-Worlds: Quintilian’s [Marcus Fabius Quintilianus] (35-95 CE) Analysis of Roman Oratory as an Instructive Ethnohistorical Resource and Conceptual Precursor of Symbolic Interactionist Scholarship 影响工作、抵抗和教育生活世界:昆蒂利安的[Marcus Fabius Quintilianus](35-95 CE)对罗马演讲作为一种指导性的民族历史资源和象征性互动主义学术的概念先驱的分析
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.3.01
R. Prus
Despite the striking affinities of classical Greek and Latin rhetoric with the pragmatist/interactionist analysis of the situated negotiation of reality and its profound relevance for the analysis of human group life more generally, few contemporary social scientists are aware of the exceptionally astute analyses of persuasive inter­change developed by Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian. Having considered the analyses of rhetoric developed by Aristotle (384-322 BCE) and Cicero (106-43 BCE) in interactionist terms (Prus 2007a; 2010), the present paper examines Quintilian’s (35-95 CE) contributions to the study of persuasive interchange more specifically and the nature of human knowing and acting more generally. Focusing on the education and practices of orators (rhetoricians), Quintilian (a practitioner as well as a distinc­tively thorough instructor of the craft) provides one of the most sustained, most systematic analyses of influence work and resistance to be found in the literature. Following an overview of Quintilian’s “ethnohistorical” account of Roman oratory, this paper concludes by draw­ing conceptual parallels between Quintilian’s analysis of influence work and the broader, transcontextual features of symbolic interactionist scholarship (Mead 1934; Blumer 1969; Prus 1996; 1997; 1999; Prus and Grills 2003). This includes “generic social processes” such as: acquiring perspectives, attending to identity, being involved, doing activity, en­gaging in persuasive interchange, developing relationships, experiencing emotionality, attaining linguistic fluency, and partici­pating in collective events. Offering a great many departure points for comparative analysis, as well as ethnographic examinations of the influence process, Quintilian’s analysis is particularly instructive as he addresses these and related aspects of human knowing, acting, and interchange in highly direct, articulate, and detailed ways. Acknowledging the conceptual, methodological, and analytic affinities of The Institutio Oratoria of Quintilian with symbolic interactionism, an epilogue, Quintilian as an Intellectual Precursor to American Pragmatist Thought and the Interactionist Study of Human Group Life, addresses the relative lack of attention given to classical Greek and Latin scholarship by the American pragmatists and their intellectual progeny, as well as the importance of maintaining a more sustained transcontextual and transhistorical focus on the study of human knowing, acting, and interchange.
尽管古典希腊语和拉丁语修辞与实用主义者/互动主义者对现实处境谈判的分析有着惊人的相似性,并且它与更普遍的人类群体生活分析有着深刻的相关性,但当代社会科学家很少意识到亚里士多德、西塞罗和昆蒂利安对说服性相互变化的异常敏锐的分析。考虑到亚里士多德(公元前384-322年)和西塞罗(公元前106-43年)在互动主义术语中对修辞学的分析(普鲁斯2007a;2010),本文更具体地考察了昆蒂利安(公元前35-95年)对说服交换研究的贡献,并更普遍地考察了人类认知和行为的本质。专注于演说家(修辞学家)的教育和实践,Quintilian(一位实践者,也是一位杰出而彻底的演说家)对文学中的影响力和阻力进行了最持久、最系统的分析。在概述了昆蒂利安对罗马演讲术的“民族历史”描述之后,本文最后将昆蒂利安的影响力作品分析与象征互动主义学术的更广泛的跨文本特征进行了概念上的比较(米德1934;布鲁默1969;普鲁斯1996;1997;1999;普鲁斯和格里尔斯2003)。这包括“一般的社会过程”,如:获得视角、关注身份、参与、开展活动、参与说服性交流、发展关系、体验情感、获得语言流畅性以及参与集体活动。Quintilian的分析为比较分析以及影响过程的人种学研究提供了许多出发点,尤其具有指导意义,因为他以高度直接、清晰和详细的方式解决了人类认识、行为和交流的这些和相关方面。承认《昆蒂利安演讲研究所》与象征互动主义在概念、方法和分析上的相似性,结语《昆蒂里安作为美国实用主义思想和人类群体生活互动主义研究的智力先驱》,解决了美国实用主义者及其知识分子后代对古典希腊语和拉丁语学术相对缺乏关注的问题,以及保持对人类认知、行为和交流研究的更持久的跨文本和跨历史关注的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Body, Meanings, and Physical Exercise in Older Adults: The Qualitative Perspective of Frequent Gym-Goers 老年人的身体、意义和体育锻炼:经常去健身房的定性视角
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.3.05
Alexis Sossa Rojas
It is known that rates of participation in sports and physical activities among older adults decrease as they get older. This article focuses on the experience of the aging body at the gym, and it is one of the few that focuses on a little-studied group of frequent gym-goers. Based on an ethnographic work of more than two years in Amsterdam, I explain the goals of three older adults who frequently work out, what their relationships with the gym and their bodies are, and why they are interested in training in gyms. This article seeks to contribute to discourses on health, sport, and aging and, at the same time, to explain some of the advantages of qualitative studies in understanding the experience of aging and training in gyms.
众所周知,随着年龄的增长,老年人参与体育和体育活动的比率会下降。这篇文章关注的是老年人在健身房的体验,也是少数几个关注经常去健身房的人的文章之一。基于在阿姆斯特丹两年多的民族志工作,我解释了三位经常锻炼的老年人的目标,他们与健身房和身体的关系,以及他们为什么对在健身房训练感兴趣。本文试图为健康、体育和老龄化的讨论做出贡献,同时解释定性研究在理解老龄化体验和健身房训练方面的一些优势。
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引用次数: 0
“Being a Yid”: Jewish Identity of Tottenham Hotspur Fans—Analysis and Interpretation “身为义德”:托特纳姆热刺球迷的犹太身份——分析与解读
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.3.04
Bogna Wilczyńska
Tottenham Hotspur football fans are victims of regular antisemitic abuse from opposition fans. They are commonly referred to as “Yids.” Interestingly, Tottenham supporters appropriated the Jewish image and embraced it as part of their fandom identity. They have been using symbols and content associated with Jewish identity, even if their club has never been a Jewish organization, and the vast majority of them are not Jewish. The objective of this paper is to describe and explain the main characteristics of the phenomenon of what I call the “Jewish identity” of the fans. The research presented in this paper was based on sociological and anthropological qualitative methods; above all—in-depth interviews with the fans and participant observation in the stadiums during Tottenham games. The analysis and interpretation of the material collected for the study allowed me to explore the questions of “how,” “why,” and “what” happens in the stadiums (and outside the stadiums) from the perspective of the fans in the context of their “Jewish identity.” I particularly focus on the mechanism Tottenham supporters use to manage and fight stigma and investigate how different groups of fans have created different narratives around Jewish identity to make it meaningful for them.
托特纳姆热刺队的球迷经常遭到对方球迷的反犹太主义辱骂。他们通常被称为“犹太教徒”。有趣的是,托特纳姆的支持者盗用了犹太人的形象,并将其作为他们球迷身份的一部分。他们一直在使用与犹太人身份相关的符号和内容,即使他们的俱乐部从来都不是犹太人组织,而且他们中的绝大多数人都不是犹太人。本文的目的是描述和解释球迷“犹太身份”现象的主要特征。本文的研究基于社会学和人类学的定性方法;最重要的是——对球迷的深入采访和参与者在托特纳姆比赛期间在体育场内的观察。对为研究收集的材料的分析和解释使我能够从球迷的角度,在他们的“犹太身份”背景下,探索体育场内(和体育场外)发生的“如何”、“为什么”和“什么”的问题。“我特别关注托特纳姆球迷用来管理和对抗污名的机制,并调查不同的球迷群体如何围绕犹太人身份创造不同的叙事,使其对他们有意义。
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引用次数: 1
Konecki, Krzysztof T. 2022. The Meaning of Contemplation for Social Qualitative Research: Applications and Examples. New York: Routledge 科内茨基,克日什托夫·2022。沉思对社会定性研究的意义:应用与实例。纽约:劳特利奇出版社
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.3.07
V. Bentz
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引用次数: 0
Intimate Partner Violence Incidents and Solutions Reported by Turkish Couples in Long-Term Marriages: An Exploratory Qualitative Study 土耳其夫妇长期婚姻中亲密伴侣暴力事件及解决方案的探索性定性研究
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.3.06
Mehmet A. Balkanlioglu, Zeynep Ozinci
This qualitative study investigates the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and the duration of marriage in the Turkish context and explores spouses’ perceptions, experiences, and solutions concerning IPV. Participants were thirty Turkish couples married for twenty or more years. Data collection tools were a semi-structured interview, observation notes taken during the interview, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Data analysis showed that psychological violence was the most reported type, while sexual and economic violence was not reported in long-term marriages. Only a few instances of physical violence were reported during the first years of marriage. Regarding gender, the perpetrators of physical IPV were all men except for only one case, while both men and women were the perpetrators and victims of psychological violence. Spouses’ proposed solutions for IPV were identify­ing the determinants of IPV, encouraging religious and values education, solving economic problems, building communication and patience, learning respect, responsibility, and love; or getting divorced. The study suggests some implications for professionals.
本定性研究调查了土耳其背景下亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)与婚姻持续时间之间的关系,并探讨了配偶对IPV的看法、经历和解决方案。参与者是30对结婚20年或以上的土耳其夫妇。数据收集工具为半结构化访谈、访谈期间的观察笔记和社会人口调查问卷。数据分析显示,心理暴力是报告最多的类型,而在长期婚姻中,性暴力和经济暴力则没有报告。据报道,在结婚的头几年里,只有少数人身暴力事件。在性别方面,身体暴力的施暴者除一例外均为男性,而男性和女性都是心理暴力的施暴者和受害者。配偶对IPV提出的解决办法是确定IPV的决定因素,鼓励宗教和价值观教育,解决经济问题,建立沟通和耐心,学习尊重、责任和爱;或者离婚。这项研究对专业人士提出了一些启示。
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引用次数: 0
Types of Rationality in Discourses on Work in (Post)Transformation Poland 波兰(后)转型工作话语中的理性类型
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.3.03
Konrad Kubala
Rationality is the key concept for understanding the reproduction of social life in the era of reflexive modernization. A fusion of lessons learned from the constructivist view of the world and anal­ysis of the hermeneutic category of pre-understanding has become the basis of my belief that rationality is nowadays the basic modal concept, and the forms of its existence shape the order of social life. In my research practice, rationality has become a link between my interest in work and the theory of social order development. In this paper, I briefly present the relations between the notion of rationality and the theory of reflexive modernization. Then, I present my research path and the tools used in the analyses. The most important part is devoted to the effects of the conducted research. I classify and describe the types of rationality present in discourses on work in Poland. The discourses of politicians, experts, and the so-called “ordinary people” were analyzed.
理性是理解反思性现代化时代社会生活再生产的关键概念。从建构主义世界观中吸取的教训与对预理解的解释学范畴的分析相结合,成为我相信理性是当今基本模态概念的基础,它的存在形式塑造了社会生活的秩序。在我的研究实践中,理性已经成为我工作兴趣与社会秩序发展理论之间的纽带。本文简要介绍了理性概念与反思性现代化理论之间的关系。然后,我介绍了我的研究路径和分析中使用的工具。最重要的部分是关于所进行研究的效果。我对波兰工作话语中存在的理性类型进行了分类和描述。分析了政治家、专家和所谓“普通人”的话语。
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引用次数: 0
Generic Social Process and the Problem of Success-Claiming: Defining Success on the Margins of Canadian Federal Politics 一般社会过程与成功宣称问题:在加拿大联邦政治边缘定义成功
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.3.02
Scott Grills
Envisioning success and its pursuit as an enduring feature of human group life, this paper exam­ines success as a humanly constructed and realized social process. As framed herein, success represents the attribution by some audience of qualities associated with achievement, attainment, and/or accomplishment to social act(s) and/or social objects. Consistent with symbolic interactionist approaches to the study of deviance, success is not a quality of the situation at hand, but rather is audience-dependent. Therefore, while the social construction of success may be evidence-based, what is defined as successful outcomes and what constitutes evidence of success is subculturally located. Drawing on extended ethnographic research, an application of alternate definitions of success is examined in the context of those participating in an electorally unsuccess­ful political party—the Christian Heritage Party of Canada. Specifically, this paper examines the definition of success in terms of political influence, providing political alternatives and demonstrations of religious faithfulness as strategies of success-claiming. Framing success in process terms, this paper examines the trans-contextual and trans-historical qualities of “doing success” as a feature of everyday life.
本文将成功及其追求视为人类群体生活的一个持久特征,并将成功视为一个由人类构建和实现的社会过程。如本文所述,成功代表一些受众将与成就、成就和/或成就相关的品质归因于社会行为和/或社会对象。与符号互动主义研究偏差的方法一致,成功不是手头情况的质量,而是取决于受众。因此,虽然成功的社会建构可能是基于证据的,但什么是成功的结果,什么是成功证据,都是亚文化的。根据扩展的民族志研究,将成功的替代定义应用于那些参加选举失败的政党——加拿大基督教传统党的人。具体而言,本文从政治影响力的角度考察了成功的定义,提供了政治选择和宗教信仰的证明作为成功宣称的策略。从过程的角度来界定成功,本文考察了作为日常生活特征的“成功”的跨语境和跨历史性质。
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引用次数: 0
Gender, Embodiment, and Self-Regulation: Surveillance in Canadian Intercollegiate Women’s Distance Running 性别、体现与自我调节:加拿大校际女子长跑监测
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.2.02
Christine Carey
This article draws on data collected through semi-structured interviews with intercollegiate cross country and track athletes to investigate how female distance runners experience their sport concerning gender and embodiment. The runners identified gender as affecting their sport by way of short­er distances for women’s races, heightened involvement of coaches in corporeal matters such as diet and weight, as well as sex verification policies. Distance running was also specifically identified as a sport that intensifies societal pressures for women to be thin. Drawing on Foucault’s theory of disciplinary power, this paper explores how dominant discourses on gender and the body are reproduced within distance running through a combination of structural and cultural practices. However, the paper also highlights resistance to cultural ideals among female runners, calling for a more dynamic understand­ing of disciplinary power that accounts for individual agency.
本文通过对校际越野和径赛运动员的半结构化访谈收集数据,调查女性长跑运动员在性别和体现方面的运动体验。跑步者认为性别影响了她们的运动,比如女子比赛的距离更短,教练在饮食和体重等身体问题上的参与度更高,以及性别验证政策。长跑也被特别认定为一项加剧女性瘦化社会压力的运动。本文借鉴福柯的规训权力理论,探讨了关于性别和身体的主导话语是如何通过结构实践和文化实践的结合在距离内复制的。然而,这篇论文也强调了女性跑步者对文化理想的抵制,呼吁对个人能动性的纪律力量进行更动态的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Biographical Work as a Mechanism of Dealing with Precarity and Precariousness 传记工作作为处理不稳定和不稳定的机制
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.2.05
J. Burski, Adam Mrozowicki, Aleksandra Drabina-Różewicz, A. Krasowska
The article aims to explore the relationship between biographical work and the strategies of managing precarity (low-paid and unstable employment) and precariousness (insecurity and insta­bility of life conditions in general) in Poland’s new capitalism. Poland witnessed the rise of precarity during the entire capitalist transformation after 1989, while the expansion of precarious, temporary, and non-standard employment accelerated in the first two decades of the 21st century. The main the­oretical framework of the article is based on concepts deriving from biographical sociology and was elaborated during a joint workshop with German biographical researcher, Fritz Schütze, within the PREWORK project. The case of a young female shop assistant, Helena, with a difficult family and work background was selected from a larger sample of 63 biographical narrative interviews with precarious young workers in Poland. Based on the case study and the broader context of the research project, it is argued that biographical work may have the potential for questioning and challenging precarity; yet, without necessary biographical and social resources, such a process is hard to be completed. As a result, the paper questions the macrosocial vision of “precariat” as the “class in-the-making” and instead offers a detailed account of the microsocial ways of dealing with precarity by a representative of the most disadvantaged group of precarious young workers.
本文旨在探讨传记工作与波兰新资本主义中管理不稳定(低薪和不稳定的就业)和不稳定(一般生活条件的不安全和不稳定)的策略之间的关系。在1989年之后的整个资本主义转型期间,波兰见证了不稳定的加剧,而在21世纪的前二十年,不稳定、临时和非标准就业的扩张加速了。这篇文章的主要理论框架基于传记社会学的概念,并在PREWORK项目中与德国传记研究人员Fritz Schütze的联合研讨会上进行了阐述。海伦娜是一名年轻的女店员,她的家庭和工作背景都很困难,这是从对波兰不稳定的年轻工人进行的63次传记性采访中挑选出来的。基于案例研究和研究项目的更广泛背景,有人认为传记作品可能会受到质疑和挑战;然而,如果没有必要的传记和社会资源,这样的过程很难完成。因此,该论文质疑了“不稳定”作为“正在形成的阶级”的宏观社会愿景,而是详细描述了最弱势的不稳定年轻工人群体的代表处理不稳定的微观社会方式。
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引用次数: 0
Parental Technology Governance: Teenagers’ Understandings and Responses to Parental Digital Mediation 父母技术治理:青少年对父母数字调解的理解与回应
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.18778/1733-8077.18.2.06
Michael Adorjan, Rose Ricciardelli, Tina Saleh
Research on parental mediation of children’s online engagements situate historically long­standing anxieties within the dynamics of present-day information communications technologies (i.e., concerns over new “cyber risks,” as well as opportunities). Yet, there remains a lack of emphasis on children’s reactions to and experiences with parental strategies and responses. In the current article, we highlight research involving semi-structured focus groups (n=35) with Canadian teenagers (n=115). We highlight themes directly related to parental digital mediation, including the role of ICTs in driving addictive behaviors, social connection, differences in parental responses between sons and daughters, and differences concerning age and birth order. Disrupting cultural discourses of young people who lack agency in relation to their use of ICTs, our discussions with teens reveal qualified support, even degrees of sympathy, for parental efforts to restrict access and use of digital technologies, but illuminate multifaceted reasons for resistance: their vital role not only for social connection but access to crucial information and knowledge.
关于父母对儿童在线参与的调解的研究,将历史上长期存在的焦虑置于当今信息通信技术的动态中(即,对新的“网络风险”以及机会的担忧)。然而,仍然缺乏强调儿童对父母的策略和反应的反应和经验。在当前的文章中,我们重点研究了涉及加拿大青少年(n=115)的半结构化焦点小组(n=35)。我们强调了与父母数字调解直接相关的主题,包括信息通信技术在推动成瘾行为中的作用、社会联系、父母对儿子和女儿的反应差异以及年龄和出生顺序的差异。我们与青少年的讨论扰乱了那些在使用信息通信技术方面缺乏主体性的年轻人的文化话语,他们对父母限制获取和使用数字技术的努力表示有限度的支持,甚至有一定程度的同情,但也揭示了抵制的多方面原因:数字技术不仅在社会联系方面至关重要,而且在获取关键信息和知识方面也至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Qualitative Sociology Review
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