Traumatology最新文献

Trauma-related mental contamination, or a sense of dirtiness occurring without recent contact with a contaminant, is a distressing and often persistent phenomenon after sexual trauma. Following sexual trauma, cross-sectional work has demonstrated separate positive associations between mental contamination and 1) negative posttraumatic cognitions about oneself, the world, and/or self-blame and 2) disgust sensitivity - defined as the extent to which one is prone to distress when experiencing disgust. However, existing work has been primarily restricted to cross-sectional designs and has yet to consider the potential moderating role of disgust sensitivity in associations between negative posttraumatic cognitions and persistent mental contamination. The present study used a daily monitoring design to evaluate main and interactive effects of negative posttraumatic cognitions (about the self, world, and self-blame) and disgust sensitivity in predicting daily experiences of mental contamination among a sample of 39 women with a history of sexual trauma. Results revealed a significant main effect of posttraumatic cognitions about the self in predicting subsequent mental contamination. An unexpected interaction also emerged for posttraumatic cognitions about the world, wherein such cognitions only significantly predicted daily mental contamination among women high in disgust sensitivity. Findings offer preliminary understanding regarding the role of cognitions about the self in contributing to ongoing mental contamination, as well as the potential contributing role of cognitions about the world among women more vulnerable to distress when experiencing disgust. Future work should consider the potential for bidirectional relationships between negative posttraumatic cognitions and trauma-related mental contamination.

Trauma exposure and drinking motives (e.g., social, enhancement, coping) are both associated with increased alcohol use and related problems. Studies have frequently investigated this relationship by examining drinking motives, such as drinking to cope with negative affect, in isolation, yet few studies have examined motives simultaneously in trauma-exposed populations. It is also unclear whether the relationship between drinking motives and alcohol use outcomes differs as a function of population characteristics (e.g., gender, trauma type). Using latent profile analysis (LPA), we aimed to 1) identify latent profiles characterized by drinking motives, assessed with the Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ), in two samples: primarily male veterans with combat trauma (N=174) and civilians with interpersonal trauma (N=152), and 2) determine whether associations with alcohol use outcomes of consumption and binge drinking would differ by sample. A 3-class solution was replicated across both samples: profiles characterized by moderate Social scores and low Enhancement and Coping scores (Low ENH/COP), moderate scores across all domains (Medium DMQ), and elevated scores across all domains (High DMQ). In both samples, profile membership was differentially associated with consumption and binge drinking. Findings suggest patterns of drinking motives may be similar across different trauma-exposed populations, but associations with alcohol outcomes likely differ in meaningful ways. Results can help inform targeted interventions at different treatment settings, such as community health centers or VA hospitals.