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Linguistic and psychometric validation of Sinhala version of Menopause Specific Quality of Life questionnaire 僧伽罗语版更年期特定生活质量问卷的语言和心理测量学验证
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v44i1.7959
N. Rathnayake, G. Alwis, J. Lenora, I. Mampitiya, S. Lekamwasam
Abstract Menopause Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) questionnaire assess the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of postmenopausal women (PMW). It includes 29 menopausal discomforts distributed among four main domains namely vasomotor, psychosocial, physical and sexual. This study was aimed for linguistic validation of Sinhala version of MENQOL questionnaire and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Sinhala version of MENQOL questionnaire was adapted following standard methodology of cross-cultural adaptation; forward and backward translations, review by an expert group, focus group discussion and pre-testing. It was self-administered among 200 PMW aged 56.0±3.3 years, selected randomly from Galle, Sri Lanka along with the previously validated menopause rating scale (MRS). After two weeks from the previous administration, MENQOL questionnaire was administered again among a sub-group of PMW (n=100) selected from the 200 PMW. Then, the validity and reliability were evaluated. MENQOL questionnaire showed a high test retest reliability; intra class correlation=0.98 (0.97-0.99) and correlation coefficient=0.98 (<0.001). The global Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95 that indicates higher internal consistency. Seven factors with Eigen value exceeding 1, explaining 77.11% of cumulative variance was observed in Factor analysis with principal component analysis. It also showed more explanatory factor extraction. Strong significant positive correlation between MENQOL questionnaire score and the MRS score (r=0.78, p<0.001) was observed that confirms the criterion validity. We observed that the self-administered, 29 item, Sinhala version of MENQOL questionnaire is a valid, menopause specific tool with satisfactory psychometric properties. Therefore, it is recommended to measure menopausal discomforts and HRQOL of Sinhala speaking Sri Lankan PMW.
摘要更年期特定生活质量(MENQOL)问卷评估绝经后妇女的健康相关生活质量(HRQOL)。它包括29种更年期不适,分布在血管舒缩、心理社会、身体和性四个主要领域。本研究旨在对僧伽罗语版MENQOL问卷进行语言学验证,并评估其心理测量特性。按照跨文化适应的标准方法对僧伽罗语版的MENQOL问卷进行了改编;前向和后向翻译、专家组评审、焦点小组讨论和预测试。它是在200名年龄为56.0±3.3岁的PMW中自我管理的,这些PMW是从斯里兰卡加勒随机选择的,同时使用先前验证的更年期评定量表(MRS)。在前一次给药两周后,再次在从200名PMW中选择的PMW亚组(n=100)中进行MENQOL问卷调查。然后对其有效性和可靠性进行评价。MENQOL问卷具有较高的再测信度;类内相关性=0.98(0.97-0.99),相关系数=0.98(<0.001)。全局Cronbachα为0.95,表明内部一致性较高。在主成分分析的因子分析中,观察到特征值超过1的7个因子,解释了77.11%的累积方差。它还显示了更多的解释因素提取。MENQOL问卷评分与MRS评分之间存在显著的正相关(r=0.78,p<0.001),证实了标准的有效性。我们观察到,自我管理的29项僧伽罗语版MENQOL问卷是一种有效的、针对更年期的工具,具有令人满意的心理测量特性。因此,建议测量讲僧伽罗语的斯里兰卡PMW的更年期不适和HRQOL。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond ‘do-no-harm’: development, social safeguards policies, and human rights 除了“不伤害”:发展、社会保障政策和人权
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v44i1.8199
J. Perera
Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) have in­troduced environmental and social safeguard policies to protect the environment and improve human conditions. The paper at­tempts to demonstrate why MDBs should combine safeguard policies with the human rights to combat poverty and promote shared prosperity. It highlights MDBs’ reluctance to link safe­guards policies with human rights and how such reluctance has emboldened borrowers to ignore or to pay lip service to the human rights of development-affected persons and communi­ties. In this context, MDBs need to update their safeguard poli­cies to accommodate human rights and use approaches such as material incentives, persuasion, and long-term acculturation to encourage and lead borrowers to adhere to safeguard policies and human rights in planning and implementing development projects. In 2013, in India, such persuasion and incentives re­sulted in introducing in 2013 a comprehensive social safeguard framework covering physical displacement and resettlement and adverse project impacts on tribal people. Similarly, the For­est Dwellers Act of 2007 brought distinct benefits and a legal framework for tribal people to gain benefits of development and respect for their human rights. In Sri Lanka, a series of procedural reforms introduced from 2001 to the Land Acqui­sition Act of 1950 has helped to include several international safeguard best practices in the local regulatory framework such as land compensation at replacement cost and assistance to the untitled land users. However, the continuity of urgency clause (Section 38a) of the Act weakens the reforms’ impact.
多边开发银行(mdb)已经出台了环境和社会保障政策,以保护环境和改善人类状况。本文试图说明为什么多边开发银行应该将保障政策与人权结合起来,以消除贫困和促进共享繁荣。它凸显了多边开发银行不愿将安全保障政策与人权挂钩,以及这种不愿如何鼓励借款国忽视或口头上承诺受发展影响的个人和社区的人权。在此背景下,多边开发银行需要更新其保障政策,以适应人权,并使用物质激励、说服和长期文化适应等方法,鼓励和引导借款人在规划和实施发展项目时遵守保障政策和人权。2013年,印度通过这种说服和激励措施,于2013年推出了一个全面的社会保障框架,涵盖了实际流离失所和重新安置以及项目对部落人民的不利影响。同样,2007年的《换屋居民法》为部落人民带来了明显的好处和法律框架,使他们能够从发展中获益,并使他们的人权得到尊重。在斯里兰卡,自2001年以来对1950年《土地征用法》进行的一系列程序改革有助于将若干国际保障最佳做法纳入当地监管框架,如按重置成本进行土地补偿和向无所有权土地使用者提供援助。然而,该法案的紧急条款(第38a条)的连续性削弱了改革的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Welcome guests: settlements of Sinhalese IDPs and local integration process in Sri Lanka 欢迎嘉宾:斯里兰卡僧伽罗境内流离失所者的安置和当地融合进程
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v44i1.8049
S. Wanninayake
Three decades of civil conflict in Sri Lanka that broke out between the government security forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in the early 1980s came to an end in 2009. Although more than one decade has passed since ending the civil conflict between them, Sri Lanka is still suffering many multi-faceted issues and challenges concerning the integration of resettled people in the post-conflict resettlement process. This study aims to examine the process of settlement, and the local integration process, as a solution for the settlement issue rather than return and resettlement into the original villages of the Sinhala Internally Displaced People (IDPs) in the northern part of Sri Lanka. As for its empirical evidence, the study is based on qualitative methods. The study areas were selected within the districts of Anuradhapura and Vavuniya. The research finds that there is no one single reason that affected the integration of both communities; IDPs and hosts, but rather a combination of several socio-economic key factors. The study illustrates that the displacements and their settlements show innovation with their integration process rather than marginalisation from the host communities.
20世纪80年代初,斯里兰卡政府安全部队与泰米尔伊拉姆猛虎解放组织(LTTE)爆发了长达30年的内战,2009年结束。尽管结束他们之间的国内冲突已经过去了十多年,但斯里兰卡在将重新安置的人纳入冲突后重新安置进程方面仍然面临许多多方面的问题和挑战。本研究旨在研究定居过程和当地融合过程,以解决定居问题,而不是返回斯里兰卡北部僧伽罗国内流离失所者的原始村庄并重新安置。就其经验证据而言,本研究基于定性方法。研究区域选择在Anuradhapura和Vavuniya地区。研究发现,影响两个社区融合的原因并不单一;国内流离失所者和东道国,而是几个社会经济关键因素的结合。该研究表明,流离失所者及其定居点在融入过程中表现出创新,而不是被收容社区边缘化。
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引用次数: 1
Marrying for a Future: Transnational Sri Lankan Tamil Marriages in the Shadow of War by Sidharthan Maunaguru (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2019) 《为了未来而结婚:战争阴影下的斯里兰卡泰米尔人跨国婚姻》,作者Sidharthan Maunaguru(西雅图:华盛顿大学出版社,2019)
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v44i1.8397
Sumathy Sivamohan
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引用次数: 0
List of Referees 裁判员名单
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v43i2.8270
The Editor
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引用次数: 0
A Needs Analysis on the language skills required by the industry from vocational graduates 行业对职业毕业生语言技能的需求分析
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v43i2.7932
D. Ranasuriya, Sreemali Herath
This article is published under the Creative Commons CC-BY-ND License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nd/4.0/).This license permits use, distribution and reproduction, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the original work is properly cited and is not changed anyway. Abstract: This paper presents a segment of a larger Needs Analysis, conducted among the diverse stakeholders involved in Vocational Education (VE) in Sri Lanka, related to the Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Mechatronics. The focus of the study is on the perceptions of industry personnel on the kind of English vocational graduates need to use in the workplace. VE plays a significant role in the educational sphere, providing higher educational opportunities to individuals who are less fortunate with regard to formal schooling, and providing employment for skilled youth in many identified vocations. One significant challenge these graduates face at the work place is their poor English language skills, which hinder their chances of entering the world of employment. To ensure that the English language skills provided to prospective graduates of the University of Vocational Technology (Univotec) are adequate and helpful in performing effectively in industry, this study explored the perceptions of industry personnel and identified the shortcomings of the English course designed for vocational graduates. The findings were used to revisit the English language course offered to vocational graduates at Univotec by critically exploring whether they needed English for Specific Purposes (ESP) or English for General Purposes (EGP). In order to ensure that the findings are focused, rich and nuanced, industry personnel from the field of Mechatronics were a part of the focus group discussions. The sample consisted of 15 industry personnel who shared their perceptions on the needs required by vocational graduates at the workplace. The key findings included the vital need of English for effective performance in industry. The study also revealed the importance of knowledge of ESP with a foundation in EGP and also the importance of Technical English which could be used in specific situations.
本文以知识共享CC-BY-ND许可证发布(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/通过nd/4.0/)。本许可证允许商业和非商业使用、分发和复制,前提是原始作品被正确引用,并且无论如何都不会更改。摘要:本文介绍了在斯里兰卡职业教育(VE)的不同利益相关者中进行的与机电一体化技术学士(B.Tech)相关的大型需求分析的一部分。这项研究的重点是行业人员对英语职业毕业生在工作场所需要使用哪种语言的看法。VE在教育领域发挥着重要作用,为在正规教育方面运气较差的个人提供了更高的教育机会,并为许多特定职业的技术青年提供了就业机会。这些毕业生在工作中面临的一个重大挑战是他们糟糕的英语语言技能,这阻碍了他们进入就业世界的机会。为了确保为职业技术大学(Univotec)的未来毕业生提供的英语语言技能是足够的,并有助于在行业中有效地发挥作用,本研究探讨了行业人员的看法,并确定了为职业毕业生设计的英语课程的缺点。研究结果被用来重新审视Univotec为职业毕业生提供的英语课程,批判性地探究他们是需要特殊用途英语(ESP)还是通用英语(EGP)。为了确保调查结果集中、丰富和细致,机电一体化领域的行业人员参加了焦点小组讨论。样本由15名行业人员组成,他们分享了他们对职业毕业生在工作场所所需需求的看法。主要研究结果包括英语对行业有效表现的重要需求。该研究还揭示了具有EGP基础的ESP知识的重要性,以及可在特定情况下使用的技术英语的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
Between the sea and the land: small-scale fishers and multiple vulnerabilities in Sri Lanka 海陆之间:斯里兰卡的小规模渔民和多重脆弱性
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v43i1.7641
F. A. Ibrahim
The small-scale fisheries sector plays a crucial role in the livelihoods, food security and nutritional needs of a large population in Sri Lanka. In the overall fisheries sector, the contribution of coastal fisheries, which is primarily generated by small-scale fishers (SSFs), has been continuously high. However, in recent years, it has started to decline. Changes occurring at local, national and global scales in the economic, political and policy spheres have impacted Sri Lankan SSFs differently, increasing their vulnerabilities. Drawing on a comprehensive review of the literature, this study examines the multiple vulnerabilities faced by SSFs in Sri Lanka, relating to four major themes: (1) Palk Bay geopolitics; (2) the war; (3) the tsunami and post-tsunami recovery; (4) post-war development and policy priorities. This paper builds a case for understanding these vulnerabilities and the way in which they continue, reemerge and threaten SSFs and their future livelihoods. It argues that, in the wake of new threats and opportunities created by post-war development, policy changes and geopolitical constraints, greater attention must be paid to SSFs. The paper concludes by summarising the discussion and recommending that SSFs should be meaningfully incorporated into the postwar development agenda and “blue economy” policy reforms.
小规模渔业部门在斯里兰卡大量人口的生计、粮食安全和营养需求方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在整个渔业部门,主要由小规模渔民产生的沿海渔业的贡献一直很高。然而,近年来,它已经开始下降。在地方、国家和全球范围内发生的经济、政治和政策领域的变化对斯里兰卡的可持续发展基金产生了不同的影响,增加了它们的脆弱性。在对文献进行全面回顾的基础上,本研究探讨了斯里兰卡可持续发展基金面临的多重脆弱性,涉及四个主要主题:(1)帕尔克湾地缘政治;(2)战争;(3)海啸及灾后恢复;(4)战后发展和政策重点。本文建立了一个案例来理解这些脆弱性,以及它们如何继续、重新出现并威胁到可持续农业生产者及其未来的生计。报告认为,在战后发展、政策变化和地缘政治限制造成新的威胁和机会之后,必须更加注意可持续发展目标。最后,本文总结了讨论,并建议将可持续发展基金有意义地纳入战后发展议程和“蓝色经济”政策改革。
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引用次数: 4
Strangers at home: narratives of northern Muslim returnees in post-war Sri Lanka 家里的陌生人:战后斯里兰卡北部穆斯林回归者的故事
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-12-26 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v42i2.7686
D. Chattoraj, Eva Gerharz
This article focuses on the experiences, aspirations and challenges of Sri Lankan Muslim returnees to northern part of Sri Lanka in Jaffna and analyses their strategies to cope with the ambivalent situation thereafter. The empirical point of departure is drawn from the stories of three Muslim returnees in Jaffna who returned from different parts of Sri Lanka. The article finds that the Muslim returnees conceptualise home as a place where they can have a “better future” than the displaced location where they stayed for so long. The authors argue that this unveils the different kinds of attachment they have to their homes through memories, emotions and material and immaterial properties. There exists feelings of alienation and detachment from their homes among some. Furthermore, their aspirations of a good life seem to be decaying in their homes after their return.
本文重点介绍了在贾夫纳返回斯里兰卡北部的斯里兰卡穆斯林的经历、愿望和挑战,并分析了他们应对此后矛盾局势的策略。经验出发点来自贾夫纳三名从斯里兰卡不同地区返回的穆斯林回返者的故事。文章发现,穆斯林回返者将家园概念化为一个他们可以拥有“更好未来”的地方,而不是他们长期居住的流离失所地点。作者认为,这揭示了他们通过记忆、情感、物质和非物质属性对家园的不同依恋。一些人有一种疏离感和对家园的超然感。此外,他们对美好生活的渴望在返回后的家中似乎正在消退。
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引用次数: 3
Harnessing science, technology and innovation for sustainable development 利用科学、技术和创新促进可持续发展
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-12-26 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v42i2.7967
S. Colombage
Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) play a critical role in fostering sustainable development which encompasses the core elements of economic growth, social equity and environmental protection. STI is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on its own, as per UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. SDG-9, which aims to build resilient infrastructure, promotes inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. Specifically, SDG-Target 9.5 envisages enhancing scientific research and upgrading the technological capabilities of industrial sectors in all countries, particularly in developing countries.
科学、技术和创新在促进可持续发展方面发挥着关键作用,可持续发展包括经济增长、社会公平和环境保护的核心要素。根据联合国2030年可持续发展议程,科技创新本身就是一项可持续发展目标。可持续发展目标9旨在建设有弹性的基础设施,促进包容性和可持续的工业化,并促进创新。具体而言,可持续发展目标9.5设想加强所有国家,特别是发展中国家工业部门的科学研究和技术能力升级。
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引用次数: 0
NSF International Conference on Social and Cultural Nexus of Science and Technology Development (2019) NSF科学技术发展的社会和文化纽带国际会议(2019)
IF 0.5 Q3 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2019-12-26 DOI: 10.4038/sljss.v42i2.7969
S. Colombage
Currently, the world is undergoing an age of unprecedented technological progress exerting dramatic influences on individual lifestyles, social relations and natural environment. Undoubtedly, Science and Technology (S&T) have proven to be the key drivers of sustainable socioeconomic progress in many parts of the world in recent decades. However, there are serious concerns about the harmful effects of modern technology on society. Such effects include cyber security risks, threats to personal well-being and safety, increasing sense of social isolation, relational problems, cultural breakdowns, technology addiction, environmental hazards and threats to wildlife.
当前,世界正处于一个前所未有的技术进步时代,对个人生活方式、社会关系和自然环境产生了巨大影响。毫无疑问,近几十年来,科学技术已被证明是世界许多地区可持续社会经济进步的关键驱动力。然而,人们严重关切现代技术对社会的有害影响。这些影响包括网络安全风险、对个人福祉和安全的威胁、日益严重的社会孤立感、关系问题、文化崩溃、技术成瘾、环境危害和对野生动物的威胁。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences
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