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Citizen of Nowhere? Cosmopolitanism, Liberalism and Local Affiliation in Oliver Goldsmith 无处不在的公民?奥利弗-戈德史密斯的世界主义、自由主义和地方归属感
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-12085
Michael Griffin
In the wake of the era of Trump and Brexit, legacies and values of European Enlightenment seem under threat as never before. Cosmopolitanism in particular, generally understood as an Enlightenment virtue, has come to be associated with a sort of rootlessness, and has not, as generally understood, valued local affiliation. For David Goodhart, writing in 2017, this characteristic has resulted in a polarisation between “anywheres” (liberal middle-class cosmopolitans) and “somewheres” (broadly speaking, conservative working-class voters who have strong attachments to their nation and places of origin). An Irish Tory monarchist who sought in his poem The Deserted Village (1770) to defend rural communities from the ravages of economic modernity, Oliver Goldsmith (1728-74) was also in other key works a cosmopolitan commentator who compared countries in order to warn Britain against the dangers of economic liberalism, as he did in The Traveller, or a Prospect of Society (1764). Thus, he could be thought of as a more conservative cosmopolitan than many of his British and French peers; as such his particular enlightenment legacy is his example of a middle ground between the “anywheres” and “somewheres” of Goodhart’s thesis.
在特朗普和英国脱欧时代之后,欧洲启蒙运动的遗产和价值观似乎受到了前所未有的威胁。尤其是被普遍理解为启蒙美德的世界主义,已开始与某种无根性联系在一起,而且并不像人们普遍理解的那样重视地方归属。戴维-古德哈特(David Goodhart)在2017年撰文指出,这一特点导致了 "任何地方"(自由派中产阶级世界主义者)和 "某些地方"(广义上讲,保守派工人阶级选民,他们对自己的国家和原籍地有着强烈的归属感)之间的两极分化。奥利弗-戈德史密斯(Oliver Goldsmith,1728-74 年)是爱尔兰托利党君主主义者,他在诗作《荒废的村庄》(1770 年)中试图保护农村社区免受现代经济的蹂躏,他在其他重要作品中也是一位世界主义评论家,他通过比较各国来警告英国防范经济自由主义的危险,正如他在《旅行者,或社会展望》(1764 年)中所做的那样。因此,与许多英国和法国同行相比,他可以被视为一个更加保守的世界主义者;因此,他的启蒙遗产是古德哈特论述的 "任何地方 "和 "某些地方 "之间的中间地带的典范。
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引用次数: 0
Poems: Irish Gothic 1-3 诗歌爱尔兰哥特式 1-3
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-12260
Joe Lines
Poems
诗歌
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引用次数: 0
Poems from Into the Night that Flies So Fast 来自《飞奔的夜晚》的诗歌
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-12242
Milena Williamson
These poems form part of a sequence on the life of Bridget Cleary (1867-1895). Cleary was killed by her husband, who claimed at trial to be acting under the belief that his wife had been abducted by fairies and replaced with a changeling. A conversation with Joe Lines establishes the poems’ context and development.
这些诗歌是布里奇特-克利里(1867-1895 年)生平系列诗歌的一部分。克利里是被她的丈夫杀害的,她的丈夫在审判时声称,他相信他的妻子被仙女绑架,并被换了人。与乔-莱恩斯(Joe Lines)的对话确定了诗歌的背景和发展。
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引用次数: 0
The Darker Side of Jonathan Swift: On the Coloniality of Being in A Modest Proposal (1729) 乔纳森-斯威夫特的阴暗面:论《谦虚的建议》(1729 年)中存在的殖民地性
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-12110
Eoin Ó CUINNEAGÁIN
This article reads A Modest Proposal from the darker side of the westernised/anglicised Enlightenment. Firstly, it critically engages with the proclivity within the Anglocentric academy to celebrate English language literary figures associated with “The Enlightenment” in Ireland without a questioning of their role in the colonial project and in shaping its discourses of racism and sexism. Secondly, it focuses on how, from an Irish decolonial perspective, Jonathan Swift can be understood as a manager of the colonial racial/patriarchal matrix of power. Thirdly, it argues that the satire written by Jonathan Swift should be understood as an Anglocentric geo-cultural category and may be understood as westernised/anglicised Enlightenment satire. Finally, A Modest Proposal is analysed in terms of the exceptionality principle of irony, Swift’s project of improvement and salvation of the colonised, and modernity/coloniality’s rhetorical promise yet inability to solve the problems it produces.
本文从西方化/广义化启蒙运动的阴暗面解读《谦虚的建议》。首先,文章批判性地探讨了以盎格鲁为中心的学术界倾向于颂扬与爱尔兰 "启蒙运动 "有关的英语文学人物,而不质疑他们在殖民项目中的作用以及在塑造种族主义和性别歧视话语中的作用。其次,该书重点探讨了如何从爱尔兰非殖民化的角度将乔纳森-斯威夫特理解为殖民种族/宗法权力矩阵的管理者。第三,它认为乔纳森-斯威夫特所写的讽刺作品应被理解为一种盎格鲁中心主义的地缘文化范畴,并可被理解为西方化/广义化的启蒙讽刺作品。最后,从反讽的特殊性原则、斯威夫特改善和拯救殖民地的计划以及现代性/殖民地的修辞承诺却无法解决其产生的问题等方面分析了《温和的建议》。
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引用次数: 0
Between the Bishop’s Hall and the Hurchin: Enlightenment Legacies in Post-Union Antrim and Down 在主教堂和教堂之间:后统一时期安特里姆和唐恩的启蒙遗产
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-12200
Frank Ferguson
This essay looks at post 1798 tensions in Belfast, Antrim and Down, using a survey of literary and cultural texts. It notes a range of responses to the first two decades of the nineteenth century in those associated with United Irish aspiration and those associated with maintaining establishment control. On one hand there was a maintenance of the publication of United Irish political, cultural thought and language in the first two decades after the union through continued publication of collections of poetry and other works (Samuel Thomson, James Orr, William Drennan). The essay explores how this work took shape and how it responded to the trauma of 1798, particularly in how the Scots language was deployed as a cultural tool/ weapon in the early 1800s. Alongside this, I discuss the creation and development of a range of “Enlightenment” ventures such as Academical Institution, Poor House, Literary Society and question the extent of these undertakings by looking at how far these were “enlightenment” or were generated by factional, mercantile interests operating under the guise of philanthropic endeavours (e.g. extension of cotton industry in Belfast, economic expansion built on Transatlantic slave trade, imperialist/colonialist animus of many ventures, rewriting of recent history to fit establishment view). These developments are contextualised and questioned alongside the creation of post-Union “Union-ist” Agendas and Groupings (Conservative Anglican and Presbyterian alliances in the cultural sphere in the work of Bishop Thomas Percy, Thomas Romney Robinson, Hugh Porter and Thomas Stott). The trauma and memory of the late eighteenth century left a legacy played out in Belfast’s development post Union and in its articulation, or non-articulation as an Enlightenment space.
本文通过对文学和文化文本的调查,探讨了 1798 年后贝尔法斯特、安特立姆和唐地区的紧张局势。文章指出,在十九世纪的前二十年中,与统一爱尔兰的愿望相关的人和与维持统治相关的人做出了一系列反应。一方面,通过继续出版诗集和其他作品(塞缪尔-汤姆森、詹姆斯-奥尔、威廉-德伦南),在联合后的头二十年里,爱尔兰统一政治、文化思想和语言的出版物得以维持。这篇文章探讨了这些作品是如何形成的,又是如何对 1798 年的创伤做出回应的,尤其是在 19 世纪早期苏格兰语言是如何被用作文化工具/武器的。与此同时,我还讨论了一系列 "启蒙 "事业的创建和发展,如学术机构、济贫院、文学社等,并对这些事业的程度提出了质疑,研究这些事业在多大程度上是 "启蒙 "的,或者是由打着慈善事业幌子的派系和重商利益所催生的(例如:在伯明翰扩展棉花产业)。例如,贝尔法斯特棉花产业的扩展、建立在跨大西洋奴隶贸易基础上的经济扩张、许多企业的帝国主义/殖民主义敌意、改写近代史以适应当权者的观点)。这些发展与后英国统一时期的 "联盟主义 "议程和团体(托马斯-珀西主教、托马斯-罗姆尼-罗宾逊、休-波特和托马斯-斯托特在文化领域的保守派圣公会和长老会联盟)的创建一起,受到了语境的影响和质疑。十八世纪末的创伤和记忆在贝尔法斯特联邦后的发展中,以及在其作为启蒙空间的表达或不表达中,都留下了影响。
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引用次数: 0
Oral Textuality, Gender and the Gothic in Doireann Ní Ghríofa’s A Ghost in the Throat (2020) Doireann Ní Ghríofa 的《喉咙里的幽灵》(2020 年)中的口述文本、性别和哥特式风格
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-12043
Sonja Lawrenson
In Doireann Ní Ghríofa’s A Ghost in the Throat, the first-person narrator details her scholarly endeavour to translate into English Caoineadh Airt Uí Laoghaire – the Irish-language lament of the eighteenth-century Kerry woman, Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill, on the death of her husband, Art Ó Laoghaire. Interwoven with this narrative, is the narrator’s intimate account of her lived personal experience whilst researching and translating this caoineadh. And yet, even as her search for the Caoineadh’s origins grows increasingly fervent, the narrator becomes ever more wary of the viability and implications of such historical retrieval. Caught between a desire to recover Ní Chonaill’s voice and presence and a recognition of the illusory nature of such longings, Ní Ghríofa’s text probes the interstices between the Caoineadh and its myriad iterations in performance, transcription, and translation. In this way, Ní Ghríofa confronts longstanding European anxieties regarding the relationship between writing and orality. Drawing on Jacques Derrida’s seminal critique of this eighteenth-century crisis of writing, this article commences by revealing the caoineadh as an unacknowledged yet ongoing flashpoint in Enlightenment debates concerning orality and textuality. The article then turns to a discussion of Derrida’s associated reflections on haunting to consider the ways in which Ní Ghríofa responds to the marginalisation and silencing of the matrilineal tradition of keening in which she engages. Departing from Derrida’s genealogy of political inheritance, it argues that Ní Ghríofa’s narrative rehearses an alternative gothic textuality in which the oral and the written are intricately interwoven within Ireland’s past, present, and future. In so doing, it eschews the androcentric, ethnocentric and, as the text’s conclusion lays bare, anthropocentric hierarchies that continue to impinge upon both the Caoineadh’s legacy and the Irish literary canon in the twenty-first century.
在 Doireann Ní Ghríofa 的《喉咙里的幽灵》一书中,第一人称叙述者详细介绍了她将 Caoineadh Airt Uí Laoghaire 翻译成英语的学术努力--这是十八世纪凯里妇女 Eibhlín Dubh Ní Chonaill 用爱尔兰语对其丈夫 Art Ó Laoghaire 去世的哀悼。叙述者在研究和翻译这首哀歌的过程中,将自己的亲身经历与这一叙述交织在一起。然而,即使她对 Caoineadh 起源的探寻越来越热切,叙述者对这种历史追溯的可行性和影响也越来越警惕。既渴望找回尼-乔奈儿的声音和存在,又认识到这种渴望的虚幻性,尼-格里奥法的文字在《卡奥尼阿德》及其在表演、转录和翻译中的无数次迭代之间探寻夹缝。通过这种方式,Ní Ghríofa 直面了欧洲人长期以来对写作与口述之间关系的焦虑。本文借鉴雅克-德里达(Jacques Derrida)对十八世纪写作危机的开创性批判,首先揭示了 Caoineadh 是启蒙运动关于口述性和文本性争论中一个未被承认但却持续存在的爆发点。然后,文章转而讨论德里达对闹鬼的相关反思,以思考尼-格里奥法如何回应她所参与的母系吟唱传统的边缘化和沉默。本书从德里达的政治继承谱系出发,认为尼-格里奥法的叙事演绎了另一种哥特式的文本性,在这种文本性中,口头和书面在爱尔兰的过去、现在和未来中错综复杂地交织在一起。在这样做的过程中,它摒弃了以雄性为中心、以种族为中心以及(正如文本结尾所揭示的)以人类为中心的等级制度,这些制度在 21 世纪继续影响着考伊纳德的遗产和爱尔兰文学典籍。
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引用次数: 0
The Economy of Murder: Capital, Crime, and Crisis in Peter Murphy’s and Rachael Moriarty’s Traders (2015) 谋杀经济:彼得·墨菲和蕾切尔·莫里亚蒂的《交易员》中的资本、犯罪和危机(2015)
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-11459
Diana Ortega Martín
The abundance of contemporary Irish fiction dealing with crime seems hard to refute. While most works have been produced in the literary field, cinema has also explored Ireland’s contemporary situation through the lens of crime fiction. The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship between crime, crisis, and capital in a contemporary Irish thriller: Peter Murphy and Rachael Moriarty’s Traders (2015). The film creates a bleak and acidic depiction of Ireland’s financial world and how in times of crisis, crime and capital are negotiated and articulated. A brief introduction of what the Celtic Tiger era and its subsequent crisis meant for Ireland will be followed by an exploration of its relation to the crime thriller. By studying crime and its intersections with class structures, economic conditions, and the shaping of its space in the film, I will attempt to undertake an economic and aesthetic reading. Moreover, I will consider how the film delineates a portrait of Ireland’s post-Celtic Tiger society and all its consequences.
大量关于犯罪的当代爱尔兰小说似乎很难反驳。虽然大多数作品都是在文学领域制作的,但电影也通过犯罪小说的镜头探索了爱尔兰的当代状况。本文的目的是分析当代爱尔兰惊悚片中犯罪、危机和资本之间的关系:彼得·墨菲和蕾切尔·莫里亚蒂的《交易员》(2015)。这部电影对爱尔兰的金融世界进行了黯淡而尖刻的描述,以及在危机时期,犯罪和资本是如何谈判和表达的。在简要介绍凯尔特虎时代及其随后的危机对爱尔兰意味着什么之后,我们将探讨它与这部犯罪惊悚片的关系。通过研究犯罪及其与阶级结构、经济条件的交叉,以及电影中犯罪空间的塑造,我将尝试进行一次经济和美学的阅读。此外,我将考虑这部电影如何描绘爱尔兰后凯尔特虎社会及其所有后果。
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引用次数: 0
“The World is still Beautiful”: An Eco-philosophical Reading of Eugene McCabe’s Victims Trilogy “世界依然美丽”:尤金·麦凯布《受害者三部曲》的生态哲学解读
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-11702
C. Howes
This paper focuses on Irish writer, playwright and television screenwriter Eugene McCabe’s fictional representation of the Northern Irish ‘Troubles’ in his trilogy Victims, published in the collection Heaven Lies about Us (2005). Living most of his life on his family farm on the Monaghan/Fermanagh border between Northern Ireland and the Republic, McCabe had a deep understanding of the historically entrenched hatreds, bigotry and fundamentalisms of its inhabitants, and his fiction reflects the human tragedy underlying the violence. This paper draws on an eco-philosophical framework to suggest that by capturing the entanglement between the natural and cultural place-world McCabe’s poetics offers, from a liberal humanist perspective, an indictment of anthropocentric patriarchy at the root of violent dispute. McCabe’s literary world, evoking natural and cultural landscapes, encapsulates the absurdity of isolating territories via false political borders, marginalizing the value of bioregion and diversity and ignoring the vital oneness of humanity. Thus, though McCabe’s short stories are indeed culturally and politically specific, in shedding light on the self-destructiveness of human behaviour they are ultimately timeless and universal.
本文主要关注爱尔兰作家、剧作家和电视编剧尤金·麦凯布在他的三部曲《受害者》中对北爱尔兰“麻烦”的虚构表现,该三部曲发表在《天堂对我们撒谎》(2005)中。麦凯布大部分时间都生活在位于北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国之间的莫纳汉/弗马纳边境的家族农场里,他对当地居民根深蒂固的仇恨、偏执和原教旨主义有着深刻的理解,他的小说反映了暴力背后的人类悲剧。本文利用生态哲学的框架,从自由人文主义的角度,通过捕捉自然和文化场所世界之间的纠缠,麦凯布的诗学提出了对暴力争端根源上以人类为中心的父权制的控诉。麦凯布的文学世界唤起了自然和文化景观,通过虚假的政治边界孤立领土,边缘化生物区域和多样性的价值,忽视人类的重要统一性,这些都是荒谬的。因此,尽管麦凯布的短篇小说确实具有文化和政治上的特殊性,但在揭示人类行为的自我毁灭方面,它们最终是永恒和普遍的。
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引用次数: 0
Estrangement and the Ethics of Attention in Emma Donoghue’s The Wonder 艾玛·多诺霍《奇迹》中的异化与关注伦理
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-11616
Maite Escudero-Alías
Drawing upon theoretical frameworks, such as Sara Ahmed’s “strange encounters” (2000), “willful subjects” (2014), and Judith Butler’s vulnerability (2004), the present article aims to explore female agency and action in The Wonder as fundamental steps to achieve transformation and change. For this purpose, I first offer a brief introduction to the vulnerability of the female body in Irish history, as it counts on a significant tradition firmly rooted in religious and class politics. Significantly, the novel foregrounds a reformulation of religious superstitions into new patterns of existence. Lib’s watchfulness and vigil astutely enact a self-displaying activity that offers the promise of a more communicative and empathic interaction with Anna. In addition, attention will be also paid to the narrative techniques that depict Lib’s failure to read Anna’s body fully as a wounded individual, thus revealing an encounter with alterity that can only work when there is will, love and affection. The story, then, challenges an aesthetics of grief and guilt and enacts, in turn, a new pattern of existence for both Anna and Lib. Such a pattern demands an ethics of attention and communication aimed to restore the self and display a more affective stance, which is necessary in order to encounter the limits of intelligibility and find out the perverse truth behind Anna’s “wonderful anomaly” (Donoghue 2016: 97).
本文借鉴萨拉·艾哈迈德的“奇怪的遭遇”(2000年)、“任性的主体”(2014年)和朱迪斯·巴特勒的脆弱性(2004年)等理论框架,旨在探讨《奇迹》中女性的能动性和行动是实现转型和变革的根本步骤。为此,我首先简要介绍了爱尔兰历史上女性身体的脆弱性,因为它依赖于牢固植根于宗教和阶级政治的重要传统。值得注意的是,这部小说预示着宗教迷信将重新形成新的存在模式。Lib的警惕性和守夜精神巧妙地体现了一种自我展示活动,有望与Anna进行更具沟通性和同理心的互动。此外,还将关注叙事技巧,这些技巧将Lib描绘成一个受伤的人,未能完全读懂Anna的身体,从而揭示了一场只有在有意愿、爱和感情的情况下才能奏效的争吵。因此,这个故事挑战了悲伤和内疚的美学,并反过来为安娜和利布创造了一种新的存在模式。这样的模式需要一种关注和沟通的伦理,旨在恢复自我并展示更具情感的立场,这对于克服可理解性的极限并找出安娜“奇妙异常”背后的反常真相是必要的(Donoghue 2016:97)。
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引用次数: 0
‘Look at it beside me’: Ekphrasis and the Illusion of Intimacy in Ciaran Carson’s Still Life (2019) “看在我身边”:恰兰·卡森《静物》(2019)中的措辞和亲密幻觉
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.24162/ei2023-11359
Francisca Fernández-Arce
Despite the publication of three books directly addressing the intersection between text and visual artworks — Fishing for Amber (1999), Shamrock Tea (2001), Still Life (2019) — Ciaran Carson’s work has not been given significant attention in terms of his contribution to the subject of ekphrastic poetry in Irish literature. Several texts, on the other hand, have been devoted to discussing his work in relation to the spatial, place-bound quality of his poetry and prose. This article seeks to bridge this gap by reframing the ekphrastic mode as the intimate but illusory coming into contact between author, reader, and work. Using the dual role of the ‘study’ as both a practice drawing and a private room, this paper argues Ciaran Carson’s final collection, Still Life, represents a new interpretation of how intimate connections in domestic spaces can be portrayed in Northern Irish literature.
尽管出版了三本直接解决文本和视觉艺术之间交集的书——《钓琥珀》(1999)、《三叶草茶》(2001)、《静物》(2019)——但就他对爱尔兰文学中诗歌主题的贡献而言,恰兰·卡森的作品并没有得到足够的关注。另一方面,有几篇文章专门讨论了他的作品与他的诗歌和散文的空间、地点约束性质的关系。本文试图通过重新构建作者、读者和作品之间亲密而又虚幻的接触,来弥合这一差距。本文认为,Ciaran Carson的最后一集《静物》(Still Life)既是实践绘画,也是私人房间,它的双重作用代表了一种新的解释,即如何在北爱尔兰文学中描绘家庭空间中的亲密关系。
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引用次数: 0
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Estudios Irlandeses
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