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Alice’s Garden: Imagining Agency in the Natural World in Clare Boylan’s Black Baby 爱丽丝花园:克莱尔·博伊兰《黑宝贝》中自然世界的想象机构
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9752
M. O'Connor
The Irish writer Clare Boylan is something of a forgotten figure, despite enjoying significant literary success in her lifetime. Because of her untimely death, little critical work has been done on her fiction. Her blackly comic sensibility responds sensitively to characters situated in culturally specific environments, with particular attention paid to the vexed and contradictory position of women in their relationship to the natural world, and so this essay conducts a reading of her 1988 novel, Black Baby, using the insights of feminist new materialism and critical posthumanism, especially as articulated by Rosi Braidotti. In every genre, contemporary Irish women’s writing finds space in the natural world to explore alternatives to the status quo. Black Baby imagines an interracial family of women (and cats) in the enchanted environment of a miraculously blooming winter garden. By staging Alice’s most transformative moments, including her final moments of semi-consciousness, in a garden, Boylan makes recourse to the idea of an unending, generative process. Nothing really dies when life is no longer an individualised experience, but an impersonal moment of radical inclusion that exceeds the material limits of any one life span.
爱尔兰作家克莱尔·博伊兰是一个被遗忘的人物,尽管她一生在文学上取得了巨大成功。由于她英年早逝,很少有人对她的小说进行评论。她的黑色喜剧情感对处于特定文化环境中的人物做出了敏感的反应,特别关注女性在与自然世界的关系中令人烦恼和矛盾的地位。因此,本文运用女权主义新唯物主义和批判后人道主义的见解,对她1988年的小说《黑人婴儿》进行了解读,尤其是Rosi Braidotti所阐述的。在每一种类型中,当代爱尔兰女性的写作都在自然世界中找到了探索现状替代品的空间。Black Baby想象了一个由女人(和猫)组成的跨种族家庭,在一个奇迹般盛开的冬季花园的迷人环境中。通过在花园里上演爱丽丝最具变革性的时刻,包括她半意识的最后时刻,博伊兰求助于一个无休止的生成过程。当生命不再是一种个性化的体验,而是一个超越任何一个生命周期的物质极限的激进包容的非个人时刻时,没有什么真正的死亡。
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引用次数: 0
Seven Types of Animality, Or: Lessons from Reading and Teaching Animal Fictions 七种动物,或者:从阅读和教授动物小说中得到的教训
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9730
R. Bartosch
This essay delves into the diversity of animal stories in human meaning ecologies and argues that the ‘lessons’ to be derived from these stories revolve around the meaning and effect of various forms of ambiguity. Following the route of a selection of mostly Irish canonical texts, from Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels to Seamus Heaney’s Death of a Naturalist, it formulates seven lessons for reading and teaching animal fictions in a multispecies world. It argues that we must cultivate a sense of ‘ciferal’ reading that does not resolve but thrives productively on the tensions and ambiguities of human-animal relations that literary fiction excels in putting into words.
本文深入探讨了人类意义生态中动物故事的多样性,并认为从这些故事中获得的“教训”围绕着各种形式的歧义的意义和效果。从斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》到谢默斯·希尼的《博物学家之死》,它遵循了一系列以爱尔兰为主的经典文本,为在多物种世界中阅读和教授动物小说制定了七节课。它认为,我们必须培养一种“ciferal”阅读感,这种阅读不会解决文学小说擅长用语言表达的人与动物关系的紧张和模糊问题,但会富有成效地发展起来。
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引用次数: 0
Frances Power Cobbe on Brutes, Women, and the Irish (Human) Landscape: Ethics, Environment, and Imperialism Frances Power Cobbe谈野蛮人、妇女和爱尔兰(人类)景观:伦理、环境和帝国主义
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9742
M. Carrera
This essay focuses on how the Irish philanthropist, feminist, and animal-rights defender Frances Power Cobbe (1822-1904) uses similar terms of reference and methodologies of exposition in the pamphlets and essays she published on “the claims of brutes” and on “the claims of women”. Both discourses are tinged with hues of imperialism proper to her Anglo-Irish upbringing, which deploy a third, less-known interest on the part of Cobbe: “the Irish Question” (O’Connor). To make these points, the essay studies the author’s autobiography and five of her essays and pamphlets: “The Rights of Man and the Claims of Brutes” (1863), “Life in Donegal” (1866), “The Evolution of the Social Sentiment” (1874), “Wife-Torture in England” (1878), and Light in Dark Places (1883).
这篇文章聚焦于爱尔兰慈善家、女权主义者和动物权利捍卫者弗朗西斯·鲍尔·科布(Frances Power Cobbe,1822-1904)如何在她出版的关于“野兽的主张”和“女性的主张”的小册子和文章中使用类似的职权范围和阐述方法。这两种话语都带有帝国主义的色彩,这是她在英国-爱尔兰成长过程中特有的,这体现了科布第三个鲜为人知的兴趣:“爱尔兰问题”(奥)。为了说明这一点,本文研究了作者的自传以及她的五篇散文和小册子:《人的权利和野蛮人的权利》(1863年)、《多尼戈尔的生活》(1866年)、“社会情感的演变”(1874年)、「英国的妻子折磨」(1878年)和《黑暗之地的光明》(1883年)。
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引用次数: 0
Our Shared Japan: Contemporary Spaces of Love and Exoticism in Irish Women’s Poetry 我们共同的日本:爱尔兰女性诗歌中的爱情与异国情调的当代空间
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9695
Arancha Rodríguez-Fernández
The aim of this paper is to analyse the new perspectives on the locus amoenus put forward by contemporary women poets in Ireland, in particular those by the female authors included in the anthology Our Shared Japan, edited by Irene De Angelis and Joseph Woods (2007). This paper argues that these writers provide alternatives to traditional pastoralism that trigger new reflections on women’s identities and subjectivities. As Donna L. Potts asserts, some constitutive aspects of the pastoral tradition are “the relationship between nature and human nature, and between the present and the mythicised past, the motif of transformation, etc.” (9). These aspects will be scrutinised in the context of travel to the new, exotic space of Japan. The alterity that the poetic voices meet with in their travel provides them with new perceptions of themselves and their affective life in relation to the environment. This renegotiation of identity is mostly made through the body, which becomes a tool for knowledge and communication. The heterotopia (Foucault) of the trip, therefore, provides the perfect space for the poetic subjects to interact, change and reflect about their identity, their sense of belonging or alienation and the impact of travel on their emotional life.
本文的目的是分析当代爱尔兰女性诗人,特别是艾琳·德·安吉利斯和约瑟夫·伍兹主编的《我们共同的日本》(2007)选集中的女性作家,对“幸福之所”提出的新视角。本文认为,这些作家提供了对传统游牧主义的替代,引发了对女性身份和主体性的新思考。正如唐娜·l·波茨(Donna L. Potts)所断言的那样,田园传统的一些构成方面是“自然与人性之间的关系,现在与神话化的过去之间的关系,转型的主题等”(9)。这些方面将在前往日本的新异国空间的背景下进行仔细审查。诗意的声音在旅途中遇到的另类为他们提供了对自己和与环境有关的情感生活的新看法。这种身份的重新协商主要是通过身体进行的,身体成为知识和交流的工具。因此,旅行的异托邦(福柯)为诗歌主体提供了一个完美的空间来互动、改变和反思他们的身份,他们的归属感或疏离感以及旅行对他们情感生活的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Pearse Hutchinson’s Ecopoetics on Spain (1950s-1960s) 皮尔斯·哈钦森的西班牙生态诗学(1950-1960年代)
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9681
Verónica Membrive-Pérez
The aim of this article is to examine Pearse Hutchinson’s critical attitude towards the tourist development of Spain in the 1960s and 1970s through his poetic production. Hutchinson’s poetic analysis of Spanish mass tourism will be divided into two separate phases of development and this article will pay particular attention to the second one, which was developed during his second sojourn in the country in the 1960s and 1970s. It will analyse how, during this period, Hutchinson’s eco-poetics reveals an illuminating approach to the tourist industry, and how the latter intended to put a friendly face on a repressive military dictatorship. Tourism as a “mechanism of power” (Crumbaugh, Destination Dictatorship 20) was necessary for the regime in order to assure its authority. Hutchinson’s poetry was able to reproduce a lament on the deleterious effects on the landscape. However, it will be seen how the poet avoids an idealisation of nature or the search of a pristine habitat. Certainly, in some cases, his poetry lampoons modern tourists’ nostalgic search for an authentic place.
本文旨在通过皮尔斯·哈钦森的诗歌创作来考察他对20世纪六七十年代西班牙旅游业发展的批判态度。哈钦森对西班牙大众旅游的诗意分析将分为两个独立的发展阶段,本文将特别关注第二个阶段,这是他在20世纪60年代和70年代第二次旅居西班牙期间发展起来的。它将分析在这一时期,哈钦森的生态诗学是如何揭示旅游业的一种富有启发性的方法的,以及后者是如何试图对专制的军事独裁政权表现出友好的态度的。旅游业作为一种“权力机制”(Crumbaugh,Destination Dicatorship 20)对于该政权来说是必要的,以确保其权威。哈钦森的诗歌能够再现对景观有害影响的哀叹。然而,我们将看到诗人是如何避免对自然的理想化或寻找原始栖息地的。当然,在某些情况下,他的诗歌讽刺了现代游客对真实地方的怀旧追求。
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引用次数: 0
“An artist, first and foremost”: An Interview with Sara Baume “一个艺术家,首先也是最重要的”:采访萨拉·鲍姆
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9778
Margarita Estévez-Saá
Sara Baume has become one of most brilliant recent voices in the literary and artistic panorama of contemporary Ireland. She has managed to combine in a unique way an already established career as a writer with her vast knowledge of art and her own artistic projects. Baume has written two unanimously critically acclaimed novels, spill simmer falter wither (2015) and A Line Made by Walking (2017) and a handful of short stories which have been published in prestigious literary magazines and collections such as The Stinging Fly, Granta, The Moth, The Dublin Review, or The Davy Byrnes Collection. More recently, she published Handiwork (2020), a most intimate account of her life, interests and projects as a writer and as an artist, as well as a deeply felt personal homage to the figure of her dead father. In the present interview, the writer comments on the contemporary panorama of Irish literature, on the social and economic changes that have taken place recently in her native country, and on the two languages between which she has always felt caught, the one that goes down on paper and the one that goes down in small painted objects. These two languages have been put at the service of one of the most obvious and recurrent interests of the writer, her endless fascination for and deep concern with nature and animals.
萨拉·鲍姆已经成为当代爱尔兰文学和艺术全景中最杰出的声音之一。她成功地以一种独特的方式将她作为作家的职业生涯与她丰富的艺术知识和她自己的艺术项目结合起来。鲍姆写了两部广受好评的小说,《漫煮》(2015年)和《行走的线》(2017年),以及一些短篇小说,发表在著名的文学杂志和文集上,如《刺蝇》、《格兰塔》、《飞蛾》、《都柏林评论》或《戴维·伯恩斯合集》。最近,她出版了《手工》(2020),这是她作为作家和艺术家的生活、兴趣和项目的最亲密的描述,也是对她已故父亲的深切敬意。在这次采访中,作者评论了爱尔兰文学的当代全景,她的祖国最近发生的社会和经济变化,以及她一直感到被夹在两种语言之间的两种语言,一种是写在纸上的,一种是写在小画上的。这两种语言一直在为这位作家最明显和最反复出现的兴趣之一服务,那就是她对自然和动物的无尽迷恋和深切关注。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Eco-Fictions, The Animal Trope and Irish Studies 导论:生态小说、动物比喻与爱尔兰研究
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9716
Margarita Estévez-Saá, Manuela Palacios-González, Noemí Pereira-Ares
[...]during the decades of the economic boom, the Irish land of the Celtic Tiger was plundered mercilessly by unscrupulous property developers, and its historical sites and natural resources were appropriated as commodities for tourism. Whereas such conceptual frameworks emerged in the late seventies and early eighties, the consolidation of their bases, principles and values in the 1990s, as well as the development of their methodologies, coincided with the years of the Celtic Tiger, when Ireland and the Irish were being carried on a tide of economic prosperity which would have disastrous consequences, although these were only discerned by a small number of artists and intellectuals. [...]the much-needed revision of and deep reflection on ecology and the environment in Ireland came only after the economic collapse of 2008. The process of edition of the present issue took place, to a significant extent, during the period of confinement forced by the Covid-19 pandemic, when academics were saturated with online classes, sundry telematic commitments and difficult access to library sources. [...]we want to express our most sincere gratitude to the readers who generously agreed to assess the submitted contributions, to the authors who diligently revised their manuscripts according to the indications received by the reviewers, and, most emphatically our gratitude goes to the former general editor of Estudios Irlandeses, Dr. José Francisco Fernández Sánchez who always encouraged and supported us, supervising our work from the very beginning, and patiently answering our endless e-mails.
[…在经济繁荣的几十年里,凯尔特之虎的爱尔兰土地被肆无忌惮的房地产开发商无情地掠夺,其历史遗迹和自然资源被用作旅游商品。尽管这些概念框架出现在70年代末和80年代初,但它们的基础、原则和价值观在90年代得到巩固,方法论也得到发展,这与凯尔特之虎的年代相吻合,当时爱尔兰和爱尔兰人正处于经济繁荣的浪潮中,这将带来灾难性的后果,尽管只有少数艺术家和知识分子看到了这些后果。[…爱尔兰急需的对生态和环境的修正和深刻反思,是在2008年经济崩溃之后才出现的。本期杂志的编辑过程在很大程度上是在新冠肺炎大流行造成的禁闭期间进行的,当时学术界充斥着在线课程,各种远程信息处理承诺,难以获得图书馆资源。[…我们要向慷慨地同意评估所提交稿件的读者表示最诚挚的感谢,向根据审稿人收到的指示勤奋地修改稿件的作者表示最诚挚的感谢,最重要的是我们要感谢爱尔兰工作室的前总编辑,约瑟夫·弗朗西斯科博士Fernández Sánchez,他总是鼓励和支持我们,从一开始就监督我们的工作,耐心地回复我们无尽的电子邮件。
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引用次数: 1
Medbh McGuckian and Ecofeminist Anxiety: “The Contingency of Befalling” 麦古基与生态女性主义焦虑:“堕落的偶然性”
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9757
María Jesús Lorenzo-Modia
The present article analyses Medbh McGuckian’s “The Contingency of Befalling”, an unpublished poem dealing with present-day climate crisis from an ecofeminist stance. Arguably, the poet is part of the Northern Irish elegiac trend in dealing with issues of her country, but she departs from a male-dominated tradition and connects lament with ethical, political, national, ecological and women’s issues. This poem is related to those in her recent book Marine Cloud Brightening (2019), in which she included mournful poems for both her brother and other Irish poets who passed away in recent times, with special attention to Seamus Heaney. McGuckian’s vision of the situation of the earth and of those living in it is gloomy, and she connects it with hardship, should rulers’ policies remain unchanged.
本文分析了Medbh McGuckian的《Befalling的偶然性》,这是一首未发表的诗歌,从生态女权主义的立场处理当今的气候危机。可以说,这位诗人是北爱尔兰处理国家问题的挽歌潮流的一部分,但她背离了男性主导的传统,将哀歌与伦理、政治、民族、生态和妇女问题联系在一起。这首诗与她最近出版的《海洋之云的明亮》(2019)一书中的诗有关,她在书中为她的兄弟和最近去世的其他爱尔兰诗人写了哀悼诗,并特别关注谢默斯·希尼。麦古基安对地球和生活在地球上的人的处境的看法是悲观的,如果统治者的政策保持不变,她将其与苦难联系在一起。
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引用次数: 0
The Noir Landscape of Dublin in Benjamin Black’s Quirke Series 本杰明·布莱克《奇克》系列中的都柏林黑色景观
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9702
Auxiliadora Pérez-Vides
This article offers an examination of Benjamin Black’s Quirke series through an ecocritical lens. Set against the backdrop of 1950s Dublin, the texts feature a pathologist who investigates the murder of the victims that end at the morgue of the Holy Family Hospital. I contend that by exhaustively mapping the city through its crimes, the author hints at the farreaching web of criminal actions executed and sanctioned by different agents of authority and violence. Similarly, I also claim that the author consistently draws on the notions of coexistence and interdependence to construct the personality of the protagonist, as the narrator insists on this growing indignation and cynicism towards the connected artefacts of dominance that inhabit the city. Consequently, the novels suggest that relationality and interdependence should involve untangling that net of power and control so as to negotiate social responsibility and create a climate of greater justice and solidarity.
本文从生态批评的角度审视了本杰明·布莱克的《夸克》系列。故事以20世纪50年代的都柏林为背景,讲述了一名病理学家调查在圣家医院太平间结束的受害者谋杀案的故事。我认为,通过详尽地描绘这座城市的犯罪,作者暗示了由不同的权威和暴力机构执行和批准的犯罪行为的深远网络。同样,我也认为作者一贯地利用共存和相互依赖的概念来构建主人公的个性,因为叙述者坚持对居住在城市中的相互联系的统治人工物品日益增长的愤怒和愤世嫉俗。因此,这些小说表明,关系和相互依赖应该包括解开权力和控制的网络,以便协商社会责任,创造更大的正义和团结的气氛。
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引用次数: 0
“Schoolchildren would not now be protesting had Greta Thunberg not made her stand. Writers have begun to take note”. An Interview with Celia de Fréine “如果格蕾塔·桑伯格没有表明自己的立场,学生们现在就不会抗议了。作家们已经开始注意到了”。Celia de Fréine访谈录
IF 0.2 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.24162/ei2020-9750
Manuela Palacios-González, Luz Mar González-Arias
In this interview with Celia de Fréine, the Irish writer discusses her prolific and varied literary production in a wide range of genres, with a special focus on current ecological concerns and their impact on creative writing. This ecological interest is finding its way in a literary system, the Irish one, in which debates around national borders and women’s place in the nation are far from resolved. Besides biological diversity, the writer discusses cultural and linguistic diversity, especially in relation with the present-day situation of the Irish language, the role of translation and its effect on the reception of the writer’s work, the permitted themes past and present, the subtle ties between language, setting and theme, and other subjects pertinent to language choice. Among other significant ecological concerns, Celia de Fréine appraises the following: the growingly blurring boundary between rural and urban spaces due to urban sprawl, the ailments of the social and human body, the interconnections between human and non-human bodies, the celebration of well preserved and inspiring natural environments, and the associations of landscapes with particular literary traditions from Ireland and beyond. The interview ends with a reflection upon the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on creative writing.
在对Celia de Fréine的采访中,这位爱尔兰作家讨论了她在各种类型中多产而多样的文学作品,特别关注当前的生态问题及其对创造性写作的影响。这种生态利益正在爱尔兰的文学体系中找到了出路,在这个体系中,围绕国家边界和妇女在国家中的地位的辩论远未解决。除了生物多样性,作者还讨论了文化和语言多样性,特别是与爱尔兰语的现状、翻译的作用及其对作家作品接受的影响、过去和现在允许的主题、语言、背景和主题之间的微妙联系,以及与语言选择相关的其他主题。在其他重要的生态问题中,Celia de Fréine评价如下:由于城市扩张,农村和城市空间之间的边界越来越模糊,社会和人体的疾病,人体和非人体之间的相互联系,对保存完好和鼓舞人心的自然环境的庆祝,以及风景与爱尔兰及其他地区特定文学传统的联系。采访的结尾是对新冠肺炎疫情对创意写作的影响的反思。
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引用次数: 1
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Estudios Irlandeses
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