This article explores the shifting social and ecological conditions of northern Japan in the mid-nineteenth century and the impact these changes were having on one group of Ainu. I draw on the history of the region to show how political instability, changes in cultural proscriptions, and ecological change affecting the fishing grounds on the east coast of Hokkaido were presenting the Ainu working the Chashikotsu fishing grounds with a new array of choices in terms of cultural traditions, norms of behavior, and modes of subsistence. I highlight the case study of Chaemon, an Ainu headman who, along with his followers, decided to take up large-scale agriculture to better cope with declining catches in the area. I read Chaemon’s project of agricultural development as a “serious game” of navigating the ecological, political, and economic impacts of Japan’s extractive industries and the political and cultural policies that furthered the consolidation of its northern frontier.
{"title":"Cultivating Ezo: Indigenous Innovation and Ecological Change during Japan’s Bakumatsu Era","authors":"Christopher Loy","doi":"10.18874/AE.74.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/AE.74.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the shifting social and ecological conditions of northern Japan in the mid-nineteenth century and the impact these changes were having on one group of Ainu. I draw on the history of the region to show how political instability, changes in cultural proscriptions, and ecological change affecting the fishing grounds on the east coast of Hokkaido were presenting the Ainu working the Chashikotsu fishing grounds with a new array of choices in terms of cultural traditions, norms of behavior, and modes of subsistence. I highlight the case study of Chaemon, an Ainu headman who, along with his followers, decided to take up large-scale agriculture to better cope with declining catches in the area. I read Chaemon’s project of agricultural development as a “serious game” of navigating the ecological, political, and economic impacts of Japan’s extractive industries and the political and cultural policies that furthered the consolidation of its northern frontier.","PeriodicalId":53972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnology","volume":"695 1","pages":"63-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67695880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: John K. Nelson, \"Experimental Buddhism: Innovation and Activism in Contemporary Japan\"","authors":"Charlotte Eubanks","doi":"10.18874/AE.74.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/AE.74.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67696083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: Peter van der Veer, \"The Modern Spirit of Asia: The Spiritual and the Secular in China and India\"","authors":"T. DuBois","doi":"10.18874/ae.74.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/ae.74.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67695834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: Kyung Hyun Kim and Youngmin Choe, eds., \"The Korean Popular Culture Reader\"","authors":"A. D. Jackson","doi":"10.18874/ae.74.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/ae.74.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67696103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides a description and analysis of tea practices in Mongolia that disclose features of female power and gendered meanings relevant in social and cultural processes. I suggest that women’s gendered experiences generate a differentiated power that they engage in social actions. Moreover, in tea practices women invoke meanings that are also differentiated by their gendered experience and the powerful position of meaning construction. Female power, female identity, and gendered meanings are distinctive in the complex whole of cultural and social processes in Mongolia. This article contributes to the understudied field of tea practices in a country that does not grow tea, yet whose inhabitants have turned this commodity into an icon of social and cultural processes in everyday life.
{"title":"Tea Practices in Mongolia : A Field of Female Power and Gendered Meanings","authors":"Gaby Bamana","doi":"10.18874/AE.74.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/AE.74.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a description and analysis of tea practices in Mongolia that disclose features of female power and gendered meanings relevant in social and cultural processes. I suggest that women’s gendered experiences generate a differentiated power that they engage in social actions. Moreover, in tea practices women invoke meanings that are also differentiated by their gendered experience and the powerful position of meaning construction. Female power, female identity, and gendered meanings are distinctive in the complex whole of cultural and social processes in Mongolia. This article contributes to the understudied field of tea practices in a country that does not grow tea, yet whose inhabitants have turned this commodity into an icon of social and cultural processes in everyday life.","PeriodicalId":53972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnology","volume":"74 1","pages":"193-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67695669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ritual practices of the low castes have often been considered through concepts such as Sanskritization as well as consensus and replication, but have also been interpreted as resistance against the dominance of the high castes. The tendency common to these analyses is their interpretation of the low castes’ ritual practices in terms of caste hierarchy and power relations. Focusing on the relational aspect of divinity and the importance of wild sacredness in ritual contexts, this study will provide an alternative perspective from which to view the complementary opposites in the rituals of the low castes. These are not merely a reflection of unequal caste relations, but are the basis of the relationships among all the various actors—including human beings, wild animals, and spirits—personified as būtas that constitute a fluid network in a social, ecological, and cosmological sphere.
{"title":"Wild sacredness and the poiesis of transactional networks relational divinity and spirit possession in the būta ritual of south india","authors":"M. Ishii","doi":"10.18874/AE.74.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/AE.74.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The ritual practices of the low castes have often been considered through concepts such as Sanskritization as well as consensus and replication, but have also been interpreted as resistance against the dominance of the high castes. The tendency common to these analyses is their interpretation of the low castes’ ritual practices in terms of caste hierarchy and power relations. Focusing on the relational aspect of divinity and the importance of wild sacredness in ritual contexts, this study will provide an alternative perspective from which to view the complementary opposites in the rituals of the low castes. These are not merely a reflection of unequal caste relations, but are the basis of the relationships among all the various actors—including human beings, wild animals, and spirits—personified as būtas that constitute a fluid network in a social, ecological, and cosmological sphere.","PeriodicalId":53972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnology","volume":"74 1","pages":"87-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67695950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: Marshall Clark and Juliet Pietsch, \"Indonesia-Malaysia Relations: Cultural Heritage, Politics and Labour Migration\"","authors":"Antje Missbach","doi":"10.18874/AE.74.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/AE.74.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnology","volume":"74 1","pages":"252-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67696266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the oral tradition of rural north India, especially the Haryana region, hegemonic masculinity emerges as an ideological construct in the structure of patriarchy firmly located in materiality. This creates and consolidates male power over various categories of people and highlights several hierarchies of masculinities, caste, class, and gender, including those between males and females as well as those between males and males. The oral tradition, which includes folktales, myths, folk songs, popular sayings, and proverbs, enjoys a common currency of social interaction among a wide range of social groups. Together these have been evaluated to provide valuable insights into how masculinities are perceived, lived, or practiced at the local level, and molded or remolded in response to the socioeconomic shifts that are taking place. However, in this region there is also a contrary imaging of masculinity that demolishes all that is regarded as the hallmark of hegemonic masculinity. Registered in women’s folk songs, this imaging is considered a threat to male power, authority, and what is perceived to be “masculine.” All attempts by upper caste males to censor these songs or replace them have been unsuccessful, thereby highlighting the ongoing contradiction and contest around the concept of masculinity itself.
{"title":"Popular Perceptions of Masculinity in Rural North Indian Oral Traditions","authors":"P. Chowdhry","doi":"10.18874/AE.74.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/AE.74.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"In the oral tradition of rural north India, especially the Haryana region, hegemonic masculinity emerges as an ideological construct in the structure of patriarchy firmly located in materiality. This creates and consolidates male power over various categories of people and highlights several hierarchies of masculinities, caste, class, and gender, including those between males and females as well as those between males and males. The oral tradition, which includes folktales, myths, folk songs, popular sayings, and proverbs, enjoys a common currency of social interaction among a wide range of social groups. Together these have been evaluated to provide valuable insights into how masculinities are perceived, lived, or practiced at the local level, and molded or remolded in response to the socioeconomic shifts that are taking place. However, in this region there is also a contrary imaging of masculinity that demolishes all that is regarded as the hallmark of hegemonic masculinity. Registered in women’s folk songs, this imaging is considered a threat to male power, authority, and what is perceived to be “masculine.” All attempts by upper caste males to censor these songs or replace them have been unsuccessful, thereby highlighting the ongoing contradiction and contest around the concept of masculinity itself.","PeriodicalId":53972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnology","volume":"74 1","pages":"5-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67695441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of: Mariangela Giusti and Urmila Chakraborty, eds. \"Immagini, storie, parole: Dialoghi di formazione coi dipinti cantati delle donne Chitrakar del West Bengal\"","authors":"Carola Erika Lorea","doi":"10.18874/AE.74.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18874/AE.74.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53972,"journal":{"name":"Asian Ethnology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67696360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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