Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0003
Denis Nseka, F. Mugagga, H. Opedes, Patience Ayesiga, H. Wasswa, I. Mugume, A. Nimusiima, F. Nalwanga
Abstract An assessment of the socio-economic implications of landslide occurrence in the Kigezi highlands of South Western Uganda was conducted. Landslide occurrence is on the increase and threatens community livelihoods in these highlands. Detailed field investigations were undertaken with the help of local communities between June 2018 and May 2020 to identify and map recent and visible landslide scars in Rukiga uplands of Kigezi highlands. In the course of field inventories, 85 visible landslide scars were identified and mapped using handheld GPS receivers to produce a landslide distribution map for the study area. A socio-economic analysis was conducted to establish the effects of landslide damage on people’s livelihoods as well as their existing coping and adaptation mechanisms. The assessment was administered through field observations and surveying, focus group discussions, key informants and household interviews as well as the use of Local Government Environmental Reports. The study established an increase in the spatial-temporal distribution of landslides over the Kigezi highlands in the past 40 years. The landslides have resulted in a reduction in the quality of land, loss of lives, destruction of transport infrastructures, settlements, farmlands, crops and other socio-economic infrastructures. Therefore, it is important to look for reliable and sustainable measures to prevent landslide hazards. Total landscape reforestation with deep-rooted trees can possibly reduce the landslide risk. It is also important to undertake policy implementation for preparedness and mitigation plans against landslides in this region and in the country at large. Proper soil and water conservation measures could help in enhancing soil strength against landslide hazards.
{"title":"The damage caused by landslides in socio-economic spheres within the Kigezi highlands of South Western Uganda","authors":"Denis Nseka, F. Mugagga, H. Opedes, Patience Ayesiga, H. Wasswa, I. Mugume, A. Nimusiima, F. Nalwanga","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An assessment of the socio-economic implications of landslide occurrence in the Kigezi highlands of South Western Uganda was conducted. Landslide occurrence is on the increase and threatens community livelihoods in these highlands. Detailed field investigations were undertaken with the help of local communities between June 2018 and May 2020 to identify and map recent and visible landslide scars in Rukiga uplands of Kigezi highlands. In the course of field inventories, 85 visible landslide scars were identified and mapped using handheld GPS receivers to produce a landslide distribution map for the study area. A socio-economic analysis was conducted to establish the effects of landslide damage on people’s livelihoods as well as their existing coping and adaptation mechanisms. The assessment was administered through field observations and surveying, focus group discussions, key informants and household interviews as well as the use of Local Government Environmental Reports. The study established an increase in the spatial-temporal distribution of landslides over the Kigezi highlands in the past 40 years. The landslides have resulted in a reduction in the quality of land, loss of lives, destruction of transport infrastructures, settlements, farmlands, crops and other socio-economic infrastructures. Therefore, it is important to look for reliable and sustainable measures to prevent landslide hazards. Total landscape reforestation with deep-rooted trees can possibly reduce the landslide risk. It is also important to undertake policy implementation for preparedness and mitigation plans against landslides in this region and in the country at large. Proper soil and water conservation measures could help in enhancing soil strength against landslide hazards.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"23 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45979724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0005
Vadim V. Datsyuk
Abstract The current conservation status of the rare vascular plant species and rare forest communities of the Volyn Upland (Ukraine) was characterized and analyzed. We found 14 rare plant species belonging to the Red Data Book of Ukraine in this territory (Lycopodium annotium L., Allium ursinum L., Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch, Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich., Cypripedium calceolus L., Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Schult., E. helleborine (L.) Crantz, Lilium martagon L., Listera ovata (L.) R. Br., Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich., P. chlorantha (Cust.) Reichenb., Galanthus nivalis L., Carex umbrosa Host) and 28 locally rare species preserved within the Volyn, Rivne and Lviv regions. The major threats for these species were indicated. Four rare associations, according to the Green Data Book of Ukraine, were studied in the Volyn Upland (Carpineto (betuli)–Quercetum (roboris) hederosum (helicis), Carpineto (betuli)–Fraxineto (excelsioris)–Quercetum (roboris) alliosum (ursini), Tilieto (cordatae)–Carpineto (betuli)–Quercetum (roboris) alliosum (ursini) and Pinetum (sylvestris) caricosum (humilis)) and their structure, main features and status were characterized in detail. The importance of further research, and the development of recommendations for the conservation and continued preservation of these forest ecosystems of the Volyn Upland was highlighted.
{"title":"An evaluation of the conservation status of the forest vegetation of the Volyn Upland, Ukraine","authors":"Vadim V. Datsyuk","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current conservation status of the rare vascular plant species and rare forest communities of the Volyn Upland (Ukraine) was characterized and analyzed. We found 14 rare plant species belonging to the Red Data Book of Ukraine in this territory (Lycopodium annotium L., Allium ursinum L., Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch, Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich., Cypripedium calceolus L., Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Schult., E. helleborine (L.) Crantz, Lilium martagon L., Listera ovata (L.) R. Br., Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich., P. chlorantha (Cust.) Reichenb., Galanthus nivalis L., Carex umbrosa Host) and 28 locally rare species preserved within the Volyn, Rivne and Lviv regions. The major threats for these species were indicated. Four rare associations, according to the Green Data Book of Ukraine, were studied in the Volyn Upland (Carpineto (betuli)–Quercetum (roboris) hederosum (helicis), Carpineto (betuli)–Fraxineto (excelsioris)–Quercetum (roboris) alliosum (ursini), Tilieto (cordatae)–Carpineto (betuli)–Quercetum (roboris) alliosum (ursini) and Pinetum (sylvestris) caricosum (humilis)) and their structure, main features and status were characterized in detail. The importance of further research, and the development of recommendations for the conservation and continued preservation of these forest ecosystems of the Volyn Upland was highlighted.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"44 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44758408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0004
Mateusz Gorzelak, D. Dąbrowska
Abstract Municipal waste landfill is a potential, or actual, source of groundwater pollution. Even landfill with a ground containment system can generate leachate that will migrate to aquifers. In this context, it is important to monitor water and leachate and to rationally analyze the existing situation. The purpose of this article was to assess groundwater contamination in the region of the municipal landfill site in Poczesna (Southern Poland) using the Landfill Water Pollution Index (LWPI). Certain physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Hg, were analyzed from samples from six piezometers in the years 2015-2019. The LWPI index values in the groundwater samples ranged from 0.97 to 3.11 (P<0.05). Indicator values that are within the range 2-5 reflect poor water quality with a high visible landfill impact, and those >5 suggest strongly polluted water with a very high landfill impact. The results of this study indicated that the quality of the groundwater in the area around the landfill was better in the case of the Jurassic aquifer compared to the Quaternary aquifer. The results provided by this index are very useful in the context of a quick assessment of groundwater quality. For the purposes of further risk analyses, it is important to consider other variables (chemical components) which can influence groundwater quality in the region of municipal landfill sites.
{"title":"Assessment of changes in the quality of ground water in the area of landfill site in Poczesna (South Poland) using the LWPI index","authors":"Mateusz Gorzelak, D. Dąbrowska","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Municipal waste landfill is a potential, or actual, source of groundwater pollution. Even landfill with a ground containment system can generate leachate that will migrate to aquifers. In this context, it is important to monitor water and leachate and to rationally analyze the existing situation. The purpose of this article was to assess groundwater contamination in the region of the municipal landfill site in Poczesna (Southern Poland) using the Landfill Water Pollution Index (LWPI). Certain physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Hg, were analyzed from samples from six piezometers in the years 2015-2019. The LWPI index values in the groundwater samples ranged from 0.97 to 3.11 (P<0.05). Indicator values that are within the range 2-5 reflect poor water quality with a high visible landfill impact, and those >5 suggest strongly polluted water with a very high landfill impact. The results of this study indicated that the quality of the groundwater in the area around the landfill was better in the case of the Jurassic aquifer compared to the Quaternary aquifer. The results provided by this index are very useful in the context of a quick assessment of groundwater quality. For the purposes of further risk analyses, it is important to consider other variables (chemical components) which can influence groundwater quality in the region of municipal landfill sites.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"35 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0002
R. Krzysztofik, Agata Zagórowska, Iwona Kantor-Pietraga, Dominika Malchar-Michalska, M. Lamparska, Aleksandra Dudek
Abstract The determinants of higher education policy have their sources in various spheres, such as economic, social, educational, national policy, administrative, and demographic. Problems for the development of higher education also stem from these spheres. One of them is the challenging demographic situation that is a significant element of developing higher education in southern Poland (particuarly in the Silesia region). Given this context, this article aims to indicate the policies of the universities in the region which respond to the existing demographic threats. This relationship is to confront student opinions regarding their vision for their education and future career within the current demographic situation. Using research-based on an analysis of university and regional local government strategic documents and surveys carried out among students, we conclude that higher education development policy is responding to the demographic transformation. Meanwhile, students’ attitudes to the challenges of the demographic situation is quite “flexible” and relatively ambivalent. This article presents the contrast between the increasingly tricky demographic situation in Silesia, Poland, and the limited response in the two main groups of stakeholders – academic authorities and students – that require shaping higher education ipolicy towards future demographic challenges.
{"title":"The impact of regional demographics on Higher Education Policy. An example from Silesia, Poland","authors":"R. Krzysztofik, Agata Zagórowska, Iwona Kantor-Pietraga, Dominika Malchar-Michalska, M. Lamparska, Aleksandra Dudek","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The determinants of higher education policy have their sources in various spheres, such as economic, social, educational, national policy, administrative, and demographic. Problems for the development of higher education also stem from these spheres. One of them is the challenging demographic situation that is a significant element of developing higher education in southern Poland (particuarly in the Silesia region). Given this context, this article aims to indicate the policies of the universities in the region which respond to the existing demographic threats. This relationship is to confront student opinions regarding their vision for their education and future career within the current demographic situation. Using research-based on an analysis of university and regional local government strategic documents and surveys carried out among students, we conclude that higher education development policy is responding to the demographic transformation. Meanwhile, students’ attitudes to the challenges of the demographic situation is quite “flexible” and relatively ambivalent. This article presents the contrast between the increasingly tricky demographic situation in Silesia, Poland, and the limited response in the two main groups of stakeholders – academic authorities and students – that require shaping higher education ipolicy towards future demographic challenges.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"10 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0001
O. Shevchyk, T. Dvirna, V. Solomakha, Volodymyr O. Postoenko
Abstract A new locality for Crataegus ucrainica in the ravine-valley system of the River Svydnya valley (Desna basin) near the town of Krolevecz (Sumy region) has been reported. This article presents the results of a study of C. ucrainica within the species’ distribution. Based on a survey of the identified population, its ecological and coenotic features, and the ontogenetic state of the population are presented. The species is confined to areas with steep slopes, which are inaccessible for grazing, where clay deposits are exposed. The complexity of these ecotopes provides a good preservation of individuals in open meadows, forest edges, as well as in thickets of Robinia pseudoacacia and Populus alba. The coenotic affiliation of some individuals and thickets of this species to meadow-steppe, natural forest and spontaneous tree-shrub vegetation is noted. The state of the studied population in the Desna river basin is stable and sufficient for its preservation, its existence is due to the optimal hydrological regime of the slopes, which is associated with the presence of accumulated water at the bottom of valley s and a low groundwater level. The map shows the peculiarities of the distribution of the identified populations of C. ucrainica in Ukraine. A comparison of biotopes, ecotopes, soils, and vegetation types, in which populations of C. ucrainica in the area of their distribution are presented. Analysis of the seed products of this species according to analysis from different habitats allows us to assert the existence of favourable conditions for its distribution in the presence of optimal habitats.
{"title":"The population of Crataegus ucrainica (Rosaceae) in the Valley of the River Svydnya, Eastern Ukraine (Desna basin)","authors":"O. Shevchyk, T. Dvirna, V. Solomakha, Volodymyr O. Postoenko","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new locality for Crataegus ucrainica in the ravine-valley system of the River Svydnya valley (Desna basin) near the town of Krolevecz (Sumy region) has been reported. This article presents the results of a study of C. ucrainica within the species’ distribution. Based on a survey of the identified population, its ecological and coenotic features, and the ontogenetic state of the population are presented. The species is confined to areas with steep slopes, which are inaccessible for grazing, where clay deposits are exposed. The complexity of these ecotopes provides a good preservation of individuals in open meadows, forest edges, as well as in thickets of Robinia pseudoacacia and Populus alba. The coenotic affiliation of some individuals and thickets of this species to meadow-steppe, natural forest and spontaneous tree-shrub vegetation is noted. The state of the studied population in the Desna river basin is stable and sufficient for its preservation, its existence is due to the optimal hydrological regime of the slopes, which is associated with the presence of accumulated water at the bottom of valley s and a low groundwater level. The map shows the peculiarities of the distribution of the identified populations of C. ucrainica in Ukraine. A comparison of biotopes, ecotopes, soils, and vegetation types, in which populations of C. ucrainica in the area of their distribution are presented. Analysis of the seed products of this species according to analysis from different habitats allows us to assert the existence of favourable conditions for its distribution in the presence of optimal habitats.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47366864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2020-0020
A. Bouderbala
Abstract Groundwater quality in the alluvial aquifer of Wadi Hachem, Tipaza, was assessed for drinking and irrigation purposes. This alluvial plain covers an area of 13 km² and lies in a semiarid climate. Groundwater is the major source for domestic and agricultural water activities in this region, and it is facing natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. The groundwater quality was evaluated on the basis of its physicochemical parameters for the dry period of 2015. The results of these parameters were compared with WHO and Algerian standards recommended for drinking water. The water quality was found to be slightly alkaline, with moderate water quality for drinking based on Total Hardness (TH), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and all water samples were within the permissible limit for drinking and irrigation purposes. The samples also showed two water types, Ca- HCO3 for the majority of samples, that characterize natural water quality controlled generally by the recharge area and by geological influences and Ca-Cl water type for one sample that is likely influenced mainly by anthropogenic activities, which was affirmed by the higher values of EC, TDS and of some ion concentrations. The analytical data plotted on Riverside and Wilcox diagrams illustrated high and very high salinity, and low sodium hazard rendering groundwater usable only on soils with good permeability.
{"title":"Groundwater quality assessment of the coastal alluvial aquifer of Wadi Hachem, Tipaza, Algieria","authors":"A. Bouderbala","doi":"10.2478/environ-2020-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Groundwater quality in the alluvial aquifer of Wadi Hachem, Tipaza, was assessed for drinking and irrigation purposes. This alluvial plain covers an area of 13 km² and lies in a semiarid climate. Groundwater is the major source for domestic and agricultural water activities in this region, and it is facing natural conditions and anthropogenic activities. The groundwater quality was evaluated on the basis of its physicochemical parameters for the dry period of 2015. The results of these parameters were compared with WHO and Algerian standards recommended for drinking water. The water quality was found to be slightly alkaline, with moderate water quality for drinking based on Total Hardness (TH), Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and all water samples were within the permissible limit for drinking and irrigation purposes. The samples also showed two water types, Ca- HCO3 for the majority of samples, that characterize natural water quality controlled generally by the recharge area and by geological influences and Ca-Cl water type for one sample that is likely influenced mainly by anthropogenic activities, which was affirmed by the higher values of EC, TDS and of some ion concentrations. The analytical data plotted on Riverside and Wilcox diagrams illustrated high and very high salinity, and low sodium hazard rendering groundwater usable only on soils with good permeability.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"11 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2020-0025
P. Sudra
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the state of dispersion and concentration of buildings in the Warsaw urban agglomeration. In particular, a goal was defined to develop a typology of basic administrative units due to the level and characteristics of the spatial concentration of buildings. The study was conducted based on the municipalities (urban, urban-rural and rural) of the Warsaw Metropolitan Area (delimitation of the Warsaw urban agglomeration used for the strategic and planning purposes) and districts of the capital city of Poland. Data on buildings was obtained from the topographic objects database. The share of buildings in total, as well as single-family and multi-family housing objects, was taken into account (these two categories were assumed to be the main determinants of suburbanization). Two methods were used to analyze their distribution: the density quotient factor, and the average nearest neighbour method. The spatial arrangement of buildings covers a wide spectrum of types, determined by combinations of both extreme and intermediate values of two dimensions of spatial concentration – the density of objects and the degree of their spatial dispersion (level of regularity, randomization, or clustering in their distribution). The typology allows us to indicate units for which similarly oriented spatial policy should be applied. The method of construction of the developed typology may be useful for application to research in other areas.
{"title":"Spatial dispersion and the concentration of buildings in an urban agglomeration – a typology proposal for the Warsaw Metropolitan Area","authors":"P. Sudra","doi":"10.2478/environ-2020-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the state of dispersion and concentration of buildings in the Warsaw urban agglomeration. In particular, a goal was defined to develop a typology of basic administrative units due to the level and characteristics of the spatial concentration of buildings. The study was conducted based on the municipalities (urban, urban-rural and rural) of the Warsaw Metropolitan Area (delimitation of the Warsaw urban agglomeration used for the strategic and planning purposes) and districts of the capital city of Poland. Data on buildings was obtained from the topographic objects database. The share of buildings in total, as well as single-family and multi-family housing objects, was taken into account (these two categories were assumed to be the main determinants of suburbanization). Two methods were used to analyze their distribution: the density quotient factor, and the average nearest neighbour method. The spatial arrangement of buildings covers a wide spectrum of types, determined by combinations of both extreme and intermediate values of two dimensions of spatial concentration – the density of objects and the degree of their spatial dispersion (level of regularity, randomization, or clustering in their distribution). The typology allows us to indicate units for which similarly oriented spatial policy should be applied. The method of construction of the developed typology may be useful for application to research in other areas.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"81 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43671774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2020-0024
Assefa Ayele, Kassa Tarekegn
Abstract In a country like Ethiopia where the vast majority of the populations are employed in agriculture, land is an important economic resource for the development of rural livelihoods. Agricultural land in peri-urban areas is, however, transformed into built-up regions through horizontal urban expansion that has an effect on land use value. In recent years Ethiopia has been experiencing rapid urbanization, which has led to an ever-increasing demand for land in peri-urban areas for housing and other nonagricultural activities that pervades agricultural land. There is a high demand for informal and illegal peri-urban land which has been held by peri-urban farmers, and this plays a vital role in the unauthorized and sub-standard house construction on agricultural land. This urbanization has not been extensively reviewed and documented. In this review an attempt has been made to assess the impacts of rapid urbanization on agricultural activities. Urban expansion has reduced the areas available for agriculture, which has seriously impacted upon peri-urban farmers that are often left with little or no land to cultivate and which has increased their vulnerability. Housing encroachments have been observed to be uncontrolled due to a weak government response to the trend of unplanned city expansion. This has left peri-urban farmers exposed to the negative shocks of urbanization because significant urbanization-related agricultural land loss has a positive correlation with grain production decrease. Appropriate governing bodies should control urban development in order to control the illegal and informal spread of urbanization on agricultural land that threatens food production.
{"title":"The impact of urbanization expansion on agricultural land in Ethiopia: A review","authors":"Assefa Ayele, Kassa Tarekegn","doi":"10.2478/environ-2020-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a country like Ethiopia where the vast majority of the populations are employed in agriculture, land is an important economic resource for the development of rural livelihoods. Agricultural land in peri-urban areas is, however, transformed into built-up regions through horizontal urban expansion that has an effect on land use value. In recent years Ethiopia has been experiencing rapid urbanization, which has led to an ever-increasing demand for land in peri-urban areas for housing and other nonagricultural activities that pervades agricultural land. There is a high demand for informal and illegal peri-urban land which has been held by peri-urban farmers, and this plays a vital role in the unauthorized and sub-standard house construction on agricultural land. This urbanization has not been extensively reviewed and documented. In this review an attempt has been made to assess the impacts of rapid urbanization on agricultural activities. Urban expansion has reduced the areas available for agriculture, which has seriously impacted upon peri-urban farmers that are often left with little or no land to cultivate and which has increased their vulnerability. Housing encroachments have been observed to be uncontrolled due to a weak government response to the trend of unplanned city expansion. This has left peri-urban farmers exposed to the negative shocks of urbanization because significant urbanization-related agricultural land loss has a positive correlation with grain production decrease. Appropriate governing bodies should control urban development in order to control the illegal and informal spread of urbanization on agricultural land that threatens food production.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"73 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49073695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2020-0021
R. Szmytkie
Abstract Residential suburbanization is one of the most spontaneous processes occurring in the surroundings of large cities in Central and Eastern Europe. In the case of Wrocław, the first phase of suburbanization began as early as the second half of the 19th century. Its spatial scope changed with the expansion of the administrative borders of the city between 1924-28 and 1950-73, when dozens of suburban villages were incorporated into the city. In addition, during the socialism period, the intensity of suburbanization decreased significantly, which was related to the development of the city within the conditions of planned urbanization and industrialization of the country. The second phase of suburbanization began with the system transformation in the 1990s, and its scale and intensity increased in the 21st century. New construction in the hinterlands of the city has contributed to significant changes in the morphology of suburban villages, especially as the growing share of new buildings is multi-family housing. The aim of this article was to identify the most common trends in the morphological changes that affect villages located in the suburban area of Wrocław under the influence of residential suburbanization. Using the analysis of cartographic materials, field research and graph methods, a typology of morphological transformations of villages located in the suburban area was proposed.
{"title":"The impact of residential suburbanization on changes in the morphology of villages in the suburban area of Wrocław, Poland","authors":"R. Szmytkie","doi":"10.2478/environ-2020-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Residential suburbanization is one of the most spontaneous processes occurring in the surroundings of large cities in Central and Eastern Europe. In the case of Wrocław, the first phase of suburbanization began as early as the second half of the 19th century. Its spatial scope changed with the expansion of the administrative borders of the city between 1924-28 and 1950-73, when dozens of suburban villages were incorporated into the city. In addition, during the socialism period, the intensity of suburbanization decreased significantly, which was related to the development of the city within the conditions of planned urbanization and industrialization of the country. The second phase of suburbanization began with the system transformation in the 1990s, and its scale and intensity increased in the 21st century. New construction in the hinterlands of the city has contributed to significant changes in the morphology of suburban villages, especially as the growing share of new buildings is multi-family housing. The aim of this article was to identify the most common trends in the morphological changes that affect villages located in the suburban area of Wrocław under the influence of residential suburbanization. Using the analysis of cartographic materials, field research and graph methods, a typology of morphological transformations of villages located in the suburban area was proposed.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"24 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43086674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2020-0022
R. Ubarevičienė, D. Burneika
Abstract Like many other Central and Eastern European countries Lithuania has been experiencing significant socio-spatial transformations since the 1990s. One of the most prominent of these transformations is associated with the residential suburbanization of its major cities. The suburbs are the only areas in Lithuania where the population has been growing in recent decades, while the country has lost almost one quarter of its population. Although, extensive urban growth is a common feature for all large Lithuanian cities, it is more noticeable in Vilnius. Due to its historical and geographical context, Vilnius, and the region surrounding it, is in an area where rural-urban transformation also means transformation of the social, ethnic, and political landscape. The aim of this article is to obtain more insight into the recent process of the fast, but weakly controlled, residential suburbanization of Vilnius. The focus is on understanding the scale of suburbanization and its impact on the social and physical environment. In this study, we use quantitative data on population and residential constructions as well as presenting some visual material. Our results show that the new suburban-style settlements are spatially dispersed. New residential areas have emerged within the city limits, along its administrative boundary as well as in the most peripheral parts of the Vilnius metropolitan region. In terms of the morphology and physiognomy, a great suburban diversity exists in and around Vilnius, and different building styles are mixed creating a rather chaotic landscape, with little interference from urban planners and no clear vision for the future.
{"title":"Fast and uncoordinated suburbanization of Vilnius in the context of depopulation in Lithuania","authors":"R. Ubarevičienė, D. Burneika","doi":"10.2478/environ-2020-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Like many other Central and Eastern European countries Lithuania has been experiencing significant socio-spatial transformations since the 1990s. One of the most prominent of these transformations is associated with the residential suburbanization of its major cities. The suburbs are the only areas in Lithuania where the population has been growing in recent decades, while the country has lost almost one quarter of its population. Although, extensive urban growth is a common feature for all large Lithuanian cities, it is more noticeable in Vilnius. Due to its historical and geographical context, Vilnius, and the region surrounding it, is in an area where rural-urban transformation also means transformation of the social, ethnic, and political landscape. The aim of this article is to obtain more insight into the recent process of the fast, but weakly controlled, residential suburbanization of Vilnius. The focus is on understanding the scale of suburbanization and its impact on the social and physical environment. In this study, we use quantitative data on population and residential constructions as well as presenting some visual material. Our results show that the new suburban-style settlements are spatially dispersed. New residential areas have emerged within the city limits, along its administrative boundary as well as in the most peripheral parts of the Vilnius metropolitan region. In terms of the morphology and physiognomy, a great suburban diversity exists in and around Vilnius, and different building styles are mixed creating a rather chaotic landscape, with little interference from urban planners and no clear vision for the future.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"44 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49571636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：