Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0012
Renata Dulias
Abstract The paper presents changes in the landscape of inland dunes in one of the basins in the eastern part of Silesian Upland. Based on the analysis of archival maps and historical sources, the former dune landscape of Dąbrowa Basin was reconstructed. The current state of its preservation was determined based on contemporary cartographic materials and field research. It was established that the dunes occur on the floodplain, under-slope flattening, and cuesta escarpment (Ząbkowice Hummock)). The source of aeolian sands was fluvioglacial and alluvial deposits, which, as a result of aeolian transport, were moved to higher and higher morphological levels and stabilized on a substrate of different lithology and age. The impermeability of the bedrock – tills, clays, mudstones, siltstones had a significant influence on the dune landscape. It resulted in the presence of wetlands and peat bogs in the vicinity of most dunes. Consequently, the landscape of the valley was distinguished by a lot of contrast in terms of vegetation - dry pine forests or grassy areas on the dunes and moisture-loving vegetation in their surroundings. However, this landscape was under strong human pressure. Most of the dunes (3/4) have been destroyed in the last hundred years due to sand mining and industrial and residential construction. One of the largest dune fields in the Przemsza River basin and most floodplain and under-slope flattening dunes were utterly destroyed. In addition, an interesting dune at Triassic clays was almost fully exploited, and a rare case on the Silesian Upland where a dune entered the Triassic limestones was partially covered with concrete. There are only 25 dunes in the study area - they deserve protection both as the last fragments of the inland dunes landscape in this part of the Silesian Upland and for historical and natural reasons.
{"title":"The disappearance of inland dunes landscape – a case study from southern Poland","authors":"Renata Dulias","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents changes in the landscape of inland dunes in one of the basins in the eastern part of Silesian Upland. Based on the analysis of archival maps and historical sources, the former dune landscape of Dąbrowa Basin was reconstructed. The current state of its preservation was determined based on contemporary cartographic materials and field research. It was established that the dunes occur on the floodplain, under-slope flattening, and cuesta escarpment (Ząbkowice Hummock)). The source of aeolian sands was fluvioglacial and alluvial deposits, which, as a result of aeolian transport, were moved to higher and higher morphological levels and stabilized on a substrate of different lithology and age. The impermeability of the bedrock – tills, clays, mudstones, siltstones had a significant influence on the dune landscape. It resulted in the presence of wetlands and peat bogs in the vicinity of most dunes. Consequently, the landscape of the valley was distinguished by a lot of contrast in terms of vegetation - dry pine forests or grassy areas on the dunes and moisture-loving vegetation in their surroundings. However, this landscape was under strong human pressure. Most of the dunes (3/4) have been destroyed in the last hundred years due to sand mining and industrial and residential construction. One of the largest dune fields in the Przemsza River basin and most floodplain and under-slope flattening dunes were utterly destroyed. In addition, an interesting dune at Triassic clays was almost fully exploited, and a rare case on the Silesian Upland where a dune entered the Triassic limestones was partially covered with concrete. There are only 25 dunes in the study area - they deserve protection both as the last fragments of the inland dunes landscape in this part of the Silesian Upland and for historical and natural reasons.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44977641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0008
N. Tuan
Abstract Acquisition of large-scale agricultural land for urbanization and industrialization is a widespread phenomenon in Vietnam. This acquisition has impacted those households whose land was expropriated in many ways, such as economic, cultural, and social aspects. In this research, the author surveyed 100 households who lost their land for Da Nang Hi-Tech Park project to collect data about the change in their livelihoods and the satisfaction level with their quality of life. This study aimed to answer three questions relating to employment, compensation expenses, and life. The results show that these householders still have many difficulties adapting to a new life after nearly ten years. The unemployment rate increases, but it depends on the gender and age of the worker. Compared with the five years ago, the households’ incomes also decreased by 190 USD/household. The misuse of compensation money paid for their has also had negative impacts on their livelihoods. Some other problems such as environmental pollution and social evils have put pressure on households who lost their land. Hence, most of these households want to return to their previous agricultural life.
{"title":"The consequences of expropriation of agricultural land and loss of livelihoods on those households who lost land in Da Nang, Vietnam","authors":"N. Tuan","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acquisition of large-scale agricultural land for urbanization and industrialization is a widespread phenomenon in Vietnam. This acquisition has impacted those households whose land was expropriated in many ways, such as economic, cultural, and social aspects. In this research, the author surveyed 100 households who lost their land for Da Nang Hi-Tech Park project to collect data about the change in their livelihoods and the satisfaction level with their quality of life. This study aimed to answer three questions relating to employment, compensation expenses, and life. The results show that these householders still have many difficulties adapting to a new life after nearly ten years. The unemployment rate increases, but it depends on the gender and age of the worker. Compared with the five years ago, the households’ incomes also decreased by 190 USD/household. The misuse of compensation money paid for their has also had negative impacts on their livelihoods. Some other problems such as environmental pollution and social evils have put pressure on households who lost their land. Hence, most of these households want to return to their previous agricultural life.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47835008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0009
O. Soshenskyi, S. Zibtsev, V. Gumeniuk, J. Goldammer, R. Vasylyshyn, V. Blyshchyk
Abstract Recurrent wildfires in Ukraine exert severe impacts on the environment, human health and security as well as damage to private and public assets. From 2007 to 2020, the frequency of large wildfires has increased and reached a level that has not occurred previously. The period during April-October 2020 was the worst in modern Ukrainian history for the occurrence of catastrophic fires, e.g. in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (67 000 ha), Zhytomyr oblast (43 000 ha), Lugansk oblast (35 000 ha) and Kharkiv oblast (8 000 ha). In Ukraine there is the additional problem of open burning, mainly burning agriculture residues, which covers two million hectares (ha) annually. State forestry enterprises who are responsible for the management of 71% of the Ukrainian forests (7.6 million ha)and agricultural holdings are also responsible for the management of 41.3 million ha of croplands. The remaining forest users manage forest areas of 3.1 million ha within reserves and national nature parks. This article presents a brief overview of the problem of forest fires as well as of fires in other landscapes in Ukraine, and includes a critical reviews of the current wildfire management system and a description of the main features of the national wildfire management strategy. It also highlights the results of a survey of numerous stakeholders conducted on landscape fires in Ukraine. Based on the review of global and regional experiences, as well as existing fire risks in Ukraine, recommendations were developed for implementing an integrated landscape level national fire management approach.
{"title":"The current landscape fire management in Ukraine and strategy for its improvement","authors":"O. Soshenskyi, S. Zibtsev, V. Gumeniuk, J. Goldammer, R. Vasylyshyn, V. Blyshchyk","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recurrent wildfires in Ukraine exert severe impacts on the environment, human health and security as well as damage to private and public assets. From 2007 to 2020, the frequency of large wildfires has increased and reached a level that has not occurred previously. The period during April-October 2020 was the worst in modern Ukrainian history for the occurrence of catastrophic fires, e.g. in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (67 000 ha), Zhytomyr oblast (43 000 ha), Lugansk oblast (35 000 ha) and Kharkiv oblast (8 000 ha). In Ukraine there is the additional problem of open burning, mainly burning agriculture residues, which covers two million hectares (ha) annually. State forestry enterprises who are responsible for the management of 71% of the Ukrainian forests (7.6 million ha)and agricultural holdings are also responsible for the management of 41.3 million ha of croplands. The remaining forest users manage forest areas of 3.1 million ha within reserves and national nature parks. This article presents a brief overview of the problem of forest fires as well as of fires in other landscapes in Ukraine, and includes a critical reviews of the current wildfire management system and a description of the main features of the national wildfire management strategy. It also highlights the results of a survey of numerous stakeholders conducted on landscape fires in Ukraine. Based on the review of global and regional experiences, as well as existing fire risks in Ukraine, recommendations were developed for implementing an integrated landscape level national fire management approach.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47237622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0011
T. Michalski, Joanna Stępień
Abstract The aim of the study was to diagnose the current and projected pace of ageing in the societies of European post-communist countries from the point of view of its being an increasing economic burden on the economically active population. The analysis covered the years 1990–2050. Ageing is already visible and, according to the forecast, the process will accelerate even more. The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is expected to exceed 50 in half of the countries in the study by 2050. This will result in major threats to the further development of these countries and will lead to poverty and social exclusion of the elderly. In order to slow down the ageing process, the authorities of these countries should take a number of actions, the most important of which are the implementation of an effective and efficient pro-natal policy (so that the total fertility rate would increase above 2.1), and a well-thought-out migration policy.
{"title":"Ageing in European post-communist countries – is it a threat to the welfare system?","authors":"T. Michalski, Joanna Stępień","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to diagnose the current and projected pace of ageing in the societies of European post-communist countries from the point of view of its being an increasing economic burden on the economically active population. The analysis covered the years 1990–2050. Ageing is already visible and, according to the forecast, the process will accelerate even more. The old-age dependency ratio (OADR) is expected to exceed 50 in half of the countries in the study by 2050. This will result in major threats to the further development of these countries and will lead to poverty and social exclusion of the elderly. In order to slow down the ageing process, the authorities of these countries should take a number of actions, the most important of which are the implementation of an effective and efficient pro-natal policy (so that the total fertility rate would increase above 2.1), and a well-thought-out migration policy.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42784964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0006
Oksana Ovdiienko, M. Hryhorak, Volodymyr Marchuk, D. Bugayko
Abstract CO2 emissions are one of the main causes of the global problem of climate change, the solution to which requires the efforts of every country. One of the main polluters is the energy sector, which includes transport. Despite the seemingly small share of aviation in emissions, its role as a polluter and CO2 emitter cannot be underestimated due to calculated specific rate and a number of factors that were researched. The purpose of this study was to analyze the aviation share in the polluters’ structure and to study if Covid-19 restrictions influence on it, to investigate the share of CO2 emissions from air transport in Ukraine and to assess its impact, to forecast CO2 emissions in Ukraine by 2030 and to build scenarios of possible changes in the direction of decarbonization in the aviation industry. Analysis and synthesis, comparison, methods of pairwise regression and modelling scenarios were used for solving these tasks. The results show that the aviation industry could achieve the carbon reduction targets only by applying different types of carbon pricing with conducting the research and development in the sphere. The last significant improvement in aircraft design technologies and flight operations was achieved almost 60 years ago. Economic incentives at the international and local scales should be used to stimulate aviation manufacturers to invest significant money on R&D to find stable solutions to achieve decarbonization. Development of Ukrainian aviation industry should not stand aside from global trends and must meet modern challenges, including environmental issues. The created scenarios show solutions to achieve decarbonization goals that align with EU best practices.
{"title":"An assessment of the aviation industry’s impact on air pollution from its emissions: worldwide and the Ukraine","authors":"Oksana Ovdiienko, M. Hryhorak, Volodymyr Marchuk, D. Bugayko","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract CO2 emissions are one of the main causes of the global problem of climate change, the solution to which requires the efforts of every country. One of the main polluters is the energy sector, which includes transport. Despite the seemingly small share of aviation in emissions, its role as a polluter and CO2 emitter cannot be underestimated due to calculated specific rate and a number of factors that were researched. The purpose of this study was to analyze the aviation share in the polluters’ structure and to study if Covid-19 restrictions influence on it, to investigate the share of CO2 emissions from air transport in Ukraine and to assess its impact, to forecast CO2 emissions in Ukraine by 2030 and to build scenarios of possible changes in the direction of decarbonization in the aviation industry. Analysis and synthesis, comparison, methods of pairwise regression and modelling scenarios were used for solving these tasks. The results show that the aviation industry could achieve the carbon reduction targets only by applying different types of carbon pricing with conducting the research and development in the sphere. The last significant improvement in aircraft design technologies and flight operations was achieved almost 60 years ago. Economic incentives at the international and local scales should be used to stimulate aviation manufacturers to invest significant money on R&D to find stable solutions to achieve decarbonization. Development of Ukrainian aviation industry should not stand aside from global trends and must meet modern challenges, including environmental issues. The created scenarios show solutions to achieve decarbonization goals that align with EU best practices.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48483815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0010
Chakir Ali, M. Irfan
Abstract Hingol National Park (HNP), in Baluchistan, Pakistan, is rich in biodiversity and has a variety of eco-services and marine eco-services. It has dune and mountain habitats that provide a significant environment for wildlife, including amphibians, dolphins, green marine turtles, and migratory birds, but the number of species is declining. HNP faces many problems such as unregulated tourism and lack of a budget to protect and conserve precious wildlife. The study used a negative binomial regression model and a zero-truncated regression model to estimate the visitors’ travel demand and recreational value of the National Park by collecting a sample of 210 respondents.. The study estimated a consumer surplus of USD 270 per person per visit and thus a total annual recreational value of the park at USD 35.11 million. Since the elasticity of demand is low, the study suggests the imposition of an entrance fee of USD 0.86 (PKR 100) that would generate an annual revenue of USD 113,000. It is recommended that both provisional and federal governments should take the necessary steps to maintain and promote heritage tourism in the region by reshaping the national parks for the protection of scarce natural resources and the protection of biodiversity.
{"title":"Estimating the recreational value for the sustainability of Hingol National Park in Pakistan","authors":"Chakir Ali, M. Irfan","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hingol National Park (HNP), in Baluchistan, Pakistan, is rich in biodiversity and has a variety of eco-services and marine eco-services. It has dune and mountain habitats that provide a significant environment for wildlife, including amphibians, dolphins, green marine turtles, and migratory birds, but the number of species is declining. HNP faces many problems such as unregulated tourism and lack of a budget to protect and conserve precious wildlife. The study used a negative binomial regression model and a zero-truncated regression model to estimate the visitors’ travel demand and recreational value of the National Park by collecting a sample of 210 respondents.. The study estimated a consumer surplus of USD 270 per person per visit and thus a total annual recreational value of the park at USD 35.11 million. Since the elasticity of demand is low, the study suggests the imposition of an entrance fee of USD 0.86 (PKR 100) that would generate an annual revenue of USD 113,000. It is recommended that both provisional and federal governments should take the necessary steps to maintain and promote heritage tourism in the region by reshaping the national parks for the protection of scarce natural resources and the protection of biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48867091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0007
Dancan O. Onyango, C. Ikporukpo, John O. Taiwo, S. Opiyo
Abstract Several urban centres of different sizes have developed over time, and continue to grow, within the basin of Lake Victoria. Uncontrolled urban development, especially along the lake shore, puts environmental pressure on Lake Victoria and its local ecosystem. This study sought to monitor the extent and impacts of urban development (as measured by population growth and built-up land use/land cover) in the Lake Victoria basin, Kenya, between 1978 and 2018. Remote sensing and GIS-based land use/land cover classification was conducted to extract change in built-up areas from Landsat 3, 4, 5 and 8 satellite imagery obtained for the month of January at intervals of ten years. Change in population distribution and density was analysed based on decadal census data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics between 1979 and 2019. A statistical regression model was then estimated to relate population growth to built-up area expansion. Results indicate that the basin’s built-up area has expanded by 97% between 1978 and 2018 while the population increased by 140% between 1979 and 2019. Urban development was attributed to the rapidly increasing population in the area as seen in a positive statistical correlation (R2=0.5744) between increase in built-up area and population growth. The resulting environmental pressure on the local ecosystem has been documented mainly in terms of degradation of lake water quality, eutrophication and aquatic biodiversity loss. The study recommends the enactment and implementation of appropriate eco-sensitive local legislation and policies for sustainable urban and rural land use planning in the area. This should aim to control and regulate urban expansion especially in the immediate shoreline areas of the lake and associated riparian zones.
{"title":"Monitoring the extent and impacts of watershed urban development in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, using a combination of population dynamics, remote sensing and GIS techniques","authors":"Dancan O. Onyango, C. Ikporukpo, John O. Taiwo, S. Opiyo","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Several urban centres of different sizes have developed over time, and continue to grow, within the basin of Lake Victoria. Uncontrolled urban development, especially along the lake shore, puts environmental pressure on Lake Victoria and its local ecosystem. This study sought to monitor the extent and impacts of urban development (as measured by population growth and built-up land use/land cover) in the Lake Victoria basin, Kenya, between 1978 and 2018. Remote sensing and GIS-based land use/land cover classification was conducted to extract change in built-up areas from Landsat 3, 4, 5 and 8 satellite imagery obtained for the month of January at intervals of ten years. Change in population distribution and density was analysed based on decadal census data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics between 1979 and 2019. A statistical regression model was then estimated to relate population growth to built-up area expansion. Results indicate that the basin’s built-up area has expanded by 97% between 1978 and 2018 while the population increased by 140% between 1979 and 2019. Urban development was attributed to the rapidly increasing population in the area as seen in a positive statistical correlation (R2=0.5744) between increase in built-up area and population growth. The resulting environmental pressure on the local ecosystem has been documented mainly in terms of degradation of lake water quality, eutrophication and aquatic biodiversity loss. The study recommends the enactment and implementation of appropriate eco-sensitive local legislation and policies for sustainable urban and rural land use planning in the area. This should aim to control and regulate urban expansion especially in the immediate shoreline areas of the lake and associated riparian zones.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43357811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0003
Denis Nseka, F. Mugagga, H. Opedes, Patience Ayesiga, H. Wasswa, I. Mugume, A. Nimusiima, F. Nalwanga
Abstract An assessment of the socio-economic implications of landslide occurrence in the Kigezi highlands of South Western Uganda was conducted. Landslide occurrence is on the increase and threatens community livelihoods in these highlands. Detailed field investigations were undertaken with the help of local communities between June 2018 and May 2020 to identify and map recent and visible landslide scars in Rukiga uplands of Kigezi highlands. In the course of field inventories, 85 visible landslide scars were identified and mapped using handheld GPS receivers to produce a landslide distribution map for the study area. A socio-economic analysis was conducted to establish the effects of landslide damage on people’s livelihoods as well as their existing coping and adaptation mechanisms. The assessment was administered through field observations and surveying, focus group discussions, key informants and household interviews as well as the use of Local Government Environmental Reports. The study established an increase in the spatial-temporal distribution of landslides over the Kigezi highlands in the past 40 years. The landslides have resulted in a reduction in the quality of land, loss of lives, destruction of transport infrastructures, settlements, farmlands, crops and other socio-economic infrastructures. Therefore, it is important to look for reliable and sustainable measures to prevent landslide hazards. Total landscape reforestation with deep-rooted trees can possibly reduce the landslide risk. It is also important to undertake policy implementation for preparedness and mitigation plans against landslides in this region and in the country at large. Proper soil and water conservation measures could help in enhancing soil strength against landslide hazards.
{"title":"The damage caused by landslides in socio-economic spheres within the Kigezi highlands of South Western Uganda","authors":"Denis Nseka, F. Mugagga, H. Opedes, Patience Ayesiga, H. Wasswa, I. Mugume, A. Nimusiima, F. Nalwanga","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An assessment of the socio-economic implications of landslide occurrence in the Kigezi highlands of South Western Uganda was conducted. Landslide occurrence is on the increase and threatens community livelihoods in these highlands. Detailed field investigations were undertaken with the help of local communities between June 2018 and May 2020 to identify and map recent and visible landslide scars in Rukiga uplands of Kigezi highlands. In the course of field inventories, 85 visible landslide scars were identified and mapped using handheld GPS receivers to produce a landslide distribution map for the study area. A socio-economic analysis was conducted to establish the effects of landslide damage on people’s livelihoods as well as their existing coping and adaptation mechanisms. The assessment was administered through field observations and surveying, focus group discussions, key informants and household interviews as well as the use of Local Government Environmental Reports. The study established an increase in the spatial-temporal distribution of landslides over the Kigezi highlands in the past 40 years. The landslides have resulted in a reduction in the quality of land, loss of lives, destruction of transport infrastructures, settlements, farmlands, crops and other socio-economic infrastructures. Therefore, it is important to look for reliable and sustainable measures to prevent landslide hazards. Total landscape reforestation with deep-rooted trees can possibly reduce the landslide risk. It is also important to undertake policy implementation for preparedness and mitigation plans against landslides in this region and in the country at large. Proper soil and water conservation measures could help in enhancing soil strength against landslide hazards.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45979724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0004
Mateusz Gorzelak, D. Dąbrowska
Abstract Municipal waste landfill is a potential, or actual, source of groundwater pollution. Even landfill with a ground containment system can generate leachate that will migrate to aquifers. In this context, it is important to monitor water and leachate and to rationally analyze the existing situation. The purpose of this article was to assess groundwater contamination in the region of the municipal landfill site in Poczesna (Southern Poland) using the Landfill Water Pollution Index (LWPI). Certain physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Hg, were analyzed from samples from six piezometers in the years 2015-2019. The LWPI index values in the groundwater samples ranged from 0.97 to 3.11 (P<0.05). Indicator values that are within the range 2-5 reflect poor water quality with a high visible landfill impact, and those >5 suggest strongly polluted water with a very high landfill impact. The results of this study indicated that the quality of the groundwater in the area around the landfill was better in the case of the Jurassic aquifer compared to the Quaternary aquifer. The results provided by this index are very useful in the context of a quick assessment of groundwater quality. For the purposes of further risk analyses, it is important to consider other variables (chemical components) which can influence groundwater quality in the region of municipal landfill sites.
{"title":"Assessment of changes in the quality of ground water in the area of landfill site in Poczesna (South Poland) using the LWPI index","authors":"Mateusz Gorzelak, D. Dąbrowska","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Municipal waste landfill is a potential, or actual, source of groundwater pollution. Even landfill with a ground containment system can generate leachate that will migrate to aquifers. In this context, it is important to monitor water and leachate and to rationally analyze the existing situation. The purpose of this article was to assess groundwater contamination in the region of the municipal landfill site in Poczesna (Southern Poland) using the Landfill Water Pollution Index (LWPI). Certain physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Hg, were analyzed from samples from six piezometers in the years 2015-2019. The LWPI index values in the groundwater samples ranged from 0.97 to 3.11 (P<0.05). Indicator values that are within the range 2-5 reflect poor water quality with a high visible landfill impact, and those >5 suggest strongly polluted water with a very high landfill impact. The results of this study indicated that the quality of the groundwater in the area around the landfill was better in the case of the Jurassic aquifer compared to the Quaternary aquifer. The results provided by this index are very useful in the context of a quick assessment of groundwater quality. For the purposes of further risk analyses, it is important to consider other variables (chemical components) which can influence groundwater quality in the region of municipal landfill sites.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43660575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.2478/environ-2021-0005
Vadim V. Datsyuk
Abstract The current conservation status of the rare vascular plant species and rare forest communities of the Volyn Upland (Ukraine) was characterized and analyzed. We found 14 rare plant species belonging to the Red Data Book of Ukraine in this territory (Lycopodium annotium L., Allium ursinum L., Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch, Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich., Cypripedium calceolus L., Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Schult., E. helleborine (L.) Crantz, Lilium martagon L., Listera ovata (L.) R. Br., Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich., P. chlorantha (Cust.) Reichenb., Galanthus nivalis L., Carex umbrosa Host) and 28 locally rare species preserved within the Volyn, Rivne and Lviv regions. The major threats for these species were indicated. Four rare associations, according to the Green Data Book of Ukraine, were studied in the Volyn Upland (Carpineto (betuli)–Quercetum (roboris) hederosum (helicis), Carpineto (betuli)–Fraxineto (excelsioris)–Quercetum (roboris) alliosum (ursini), Tilieto (cordatae)–Carpineto (betuli)–Quercetum (roboris) alliosum (ursini) and Pinetum (sylvestris) caricosum (humilis)) and their structure, main features and status were characterized in detail. The importance of further research, and the development of recommendations for the conservation and continued preservation of these forest ecosystems of the Volyn Upland was highlighted.
{"title":"An evaluation of the conservation status of the forest vegetation of the Volyn Upland, Ukraine","authors":"Vadim V. Datsyuk","doi":"10.2478/environ-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current conservation status of the rare vascular plant species and rare forest communities of the Volyn Upland (Ukraine) was characterized and analyzed. We found 14 rare plant species belonging to the Red Data Book of Ukraine in this territory (Lycopodium annotium L., Allium ursinum L., Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch, Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich., Cypripedium calceolus L., Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Schult., E. helleborine (L.) Crantz, Lilium martagon L., Listera ovata (L.) R. Br., Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich., P. chlorantha (Cust.) Reichenb., Galanthus nivalis L., Carex umbrosa Host) and 28 locally rare species preserved within the Volyn, Rivne and Lviv regions. The major threats for these species were indicated. Four rare associations, according to the Green Data Book of Ukraine, were studied in the Volyn Upland (Carpineto (betuli)–Quercetum (roboris) hederosum (helicis), Carpineto (betuli)–Fraxineto (excelsioris)–Quercetum (roboris) alliosum (ursini), Tilieto (cordatae)–Carpineto (betuli)–Quercetum (roboris) alliosum (ursini) and Pinetum (sylvestris) caricosum (humilis)) and their structure, main features and status were characterized in detail. The importance of further research, and the development of recommendations for the conservation and continued preservation of these forest ecosystems of the Volyn Upland was highlighted.","PeriodicalId":54005,"journal":{"name":"Environmental & Socio-Economic Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44758408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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