Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s0067237823000243
C. Burgess
need to strengthen Uniate identity in the context of Orthodox pressure resulted in a more persuasive rejection of the perspective of Latinization, which in fact meant the extinction of the Union, as much as if it had resulted from open persecution. As Wolff rightly points out, “the ‘transit’ to Roman Catholicism” and the “ongoing ‘apostasy’ to Orthodoxy” (85–86) were the two analogous threats to the Union in the post-1772 period in Russia. In the context of the Roman Catholic court of Vienna, the politics of absolute equality between rites contributed to the flourishing of the Uniate Church, renamed the Greek Catholic Church in 1774, which nevertheless felt the impact of the reforming politics of Joseph II. Wolff pays attention to both external and internal tensions surrounding the Uniate Church. The administrative regulations concerning the Uniates were different but analogous in the case of Russia and Austria. However, they were not the only factors determining the fate of the ecclesiastical body created in the political context of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which since 1772 was slowly ceasing to exist. The example of the Basilian monastic order, a stronghold of Latin influences within the Union, led to questions of education, episcopal authority, and relations between the elite and the masses of the faithful. The uneducated parish clergy had the advantage of being close to the people and their popular customs, which surprisingly proved to be the foundation of the post-partitions Uniate identity and perseverance. Wolff’s narrative brings together all these various perspectives and provides a thought-provoking synthesis of the history of the Uniate Church during the critical period of the transformation of its status. The changes occurring in Russia, Austria, and Poland had particular institutional contexts, which in some cases threatened the very existence of the Uniate Church. However, the confirmation of the Uniate identity originated from within the Uniate societies and had long-lasting effects.
{"title":"Jamie Page. Prostitution and Subjectivity in Late Medieval Germany Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. 176.","authors":"C. Burgess","doi":"10.1017/s0067237823000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237823000243","url":null,"abstract":"need to strengthen Uniate identity in the context of Orthodox pressure resulted in a more persuasive rejection of the perspective of Latinization, which in fact meant the extinction of the Union, as much as if it had resulted from open persecution. As Wolff rightly points out, “the ‘transit’ to Roman Catholicism” and the “ongoing ‘apostasy’ to Orthodoxy” (85–86) were the two analogous threats to the Union in the post-1772 period in Russia. In the context of the Roman Catholic court of Vienna, the politics of absolute equality between rites contributed to the flourishing of the Uniate Church, renamed the Greek Catholic Church in 1774, which nevertheless felt the impact of the reforming politics of Joseph II. Wolff pays attention to both external and internal tensions surrounding the Uniate Church. The administrative regulations concerning the Uniates were different but analogous in the case of Russia and Austria. However, they were not the only factors determining the fate of the ecclesiastical body created in the political context of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which since 1772 was slowly ceasing to exist. The example of the Basilian monastic order, a stronghold of Latin influences within the Union, led to questions of education, episcopal authority, and relations between the elite and the masses of the faithful. The uneducated parish clergy had the advantage of being close to the people and their popular customs, which surprisingly proved to be the foundation of the post-partitions Uniate identity and perseverance. Wolff’s narrative brings together all these various perspectives and provides a thought-provoking synthesis of the history of the Uniate Church during the critical period of the transformation of its status. The changes occurring in Russia, Austria, and Poland had particular institutional contexts, which in some cases threatened the very existence of the Uniate Church. However, the confirmation of the Uniate identity originated from within the Uniate societies and had long-lasting effects.","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"220 - 221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48180565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s006723782300019x
P. Pirker
{"title":"Ferdinand Kühnel. Ruhe in Frieden? Počivaj v miru? Vom Verschwinden des Slowenischen auf den Friedhöfen Kärntens/Koroška Celovec/Klagenfurt: Mohorjeva Hermagoras, 2021. Pp. 355.","authors":"P. Pirker","doi":"10.1017/s006723782300019x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s006723782300019x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"204 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57220532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s0067237823000437
M. M. Stolarik
{"title":"Michael R. Cude The Slovak Question: A Transatlantic Perspective, 1914–1948 Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2022. Pp. 298.","authors":"M. M. Stolarik","doi":"10.1017/s0067237823000437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237823000437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"258 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42215620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s0067237823000383
Maurits Berger
{"title":"Emily Greble. Muslims and the Making of Modern Europe Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. Pp. 376.","authors":"Maurits Berger","doi":"10.1017/s0067237823000383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237823000383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"246 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43973410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s0067237823000139
Andrea M. Gáldy
{"title":"Julius von Schlosser. Art and Curiosity Cabinets of the Late Renaissance: A Contribution to the History of CollectingEdited by Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann; translated by Jonathan Blower. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2021. Pp. 232.","authors":"Andrea M. Gáldy","doi":"10.1017/s0067237823000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237823000139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"225 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43985060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s006723782300005x
F. Tóth
{"title":"István M. Szijártó Estates and Constitution: The Parliament in Eighteenth-Century Hungary Translated by David Robert Evans. New York: Berghahn, 2020. Pp. 350.","authors":"F. Tóth","doi":"10.1017/s006723782300005x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s006723782300005x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"229 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S0067237823000395
J. Connelly
Abstract The Habsburg monarchy seems doubly confounding. Its historians call it an empire, but it actually never called itself that. For a fraction of its existence (1804–67), the monarchy counted as a Kaisertum, a word meant to burnish the fading glory of a lost imperial title (of the Holy Roman Empire). But its rulers never evinced the self-confident imperial aggressiveness or the desire to exploit distant territories that characterized British or Russian counterparts, and students of global empires often do not think the Habsburgs fit the category. But after calling the double monarchy an empire, Central European specialists lose the critical edge historians apply to other empires, and celebrate the Habsburgs for holding back nationalism, the force that made the twentieth century so deadly. The monarchy was not only an empire but a virtuous empire. This Kann Memorial Lecture examines a range of theoretical and practical reasons for calling the Habsburg state an empire—as its subjects often did. But if we do, we should recognize that like other empires it abhorred democracy. Perhaps more than a dam holding back the twentieth century and all its evils, the Habsburg Empire was more a conduit.
{"title":"Was the Habsburg Empire an Empire?","authors":"J. Connelly","doi":"10.1017/S0067237823000395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0067237823000395","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Habsburg monarchy seems doubly confounding. Its historians call it an empire, but it actually never called itself that. For a fraction of its existence (1804–67), the monarchy counted as a Kaisertum, a word meant to burnish the fading glory of a lost imperial title (of the Holy Roman Empire). But its rulers never evinced the self-confident imperial aggressiveness or the desire to exploit distant territories that characterized British or Russian counterparts, and students of global empires often do not think the Habsburgs fit the category. But after calling the double monarchy an empire, Central European specialists lose the critical edge historians apply to other empires, and celebrate the Habsburgs for holding back nationalism, the force that made the twentieth century so deadly. The monarchy was not only an empire but a virtuous empire. This Kann Memorial Lecture examines a range of theoretical and practical reasons for calling the Habsburg state an empire—as its subjects often did. But if we do, we should recognize that like other empires it abhorred democracy. Perhaps more than a dam holding back the twentieth century and all its evils, the Habsburg Empire was more a conduit.","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44050697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s0067237822000583
{"title":"AHY volume 54 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0067237822000583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237822000583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"f1 - f9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57220203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/s0067237822000595
{"title":"AHY volume 54 Cover and Back matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s0067237822000595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0067237822000595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"b1 - b3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47647905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.1017/S0067237823000425
L. Wolff
Abstract This article considers the figure of Habsburg Emperor Charles V in relation to Italy, first as perceived by Italians in his own time, the sixteenth century, but then especially as evaluated by Italians of the Risorgimento—and notably by Verdi in his operatic work. The article emphasizes opera as a crucial cultural medium of Habsburg engagement with the Italian peninsula and of Italian culture within the Habsburg monarchy. Contemporary Italian evaluations of Charles's role in the domination of Italy were both regretful of his military interventions (including the sack of Rome in 1527) and respectful of his political skills. During the Risorgimento, the conventional Mazzinian perspective was deeply hostile to the Habsburgs and conditioned the wars of Italian unification against the Habsburg monarchy. Italian opera, however, especially Rossini's Guillaume Tell (1829), Verdi's Ernani (1844), and Verdi's Don Carlos (1867) indicate a complex operatic perspective on the Habsburgs in Risorgimento culture. While the Austrian Habsburg representative Gessler is the villain in Rossini's Guillaume Tell, Verdi's Ernani actually places Charles V on stage in a major baritone role with beautiful music and an ambivalent presence. In Don Carlos, the ghost of Charles V hovers over and haunts the whole opera.
{"title":"Verdi's Emperor Charles V: Risorgimento Politics, Habsburg History, and Austrian-Italian Operatic Culture","authors":"L. Wolff","doi":"10.1017/S0067237823000425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0067237823000425","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article considers the figure of Habsburg Emperor Charles V in relation to Italy, first as perceived by Italians in his own time, the sixteenth century, but then especially as evaluated by Italians of the Risorgimento—and notably by Verdi in his operatic work. The article emphasizes opera as a crucial cultural medium of Habsburg engagement with the Italian peninsula and of Italian culture within the Habsburg monarchy. Contemporary Italian evaluations of Charles's role in the domination of Italy were both regretful of his military interventions (including the sack of Rome in 1527) and respectful of his political skills. During the Risorgimento, the conventional Mazzinian perspective was deeply hostile to the Habsburgs and conditioned the wars of Italian unification against the Habsburg monarchy. Italian opera, however, especially Rossini's Guillaume Tell (1829), Verdi's Ernani (1844), and Verdi's Don Carlos (1867) indicate a complex operatic perspective on the Habsburgs in Risorgimento culture. While the Austrian Habsburg representative Gessler is the villain in Rossini's Guillaume Tell, Verdi's Ernani actually places Charles V on stage in a major baritone role with beautiful music and an ambivalent presence. In Don Carlos, the ghost of Charles V hovers over and haunts the whole opera.","PeriodicalId":54006,"journal":{"name":"Austrian History Yearbook","volume":"54 1","pages":"69 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45801946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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