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INTRA-URBAN SPATIAL CHANGES AMONG WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN BUCHAREST (ROMANIA) DURING ECONOMIC TRANSITION (1992-2002) 经济转型期间布加勒斯特(罗马尼亚)女企业家的城市内部空间变化(1992-2002年)
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2016.8.1.3
A. Kobayashi, A. Gavriș, I. Ianoş
Women entrepreneurs in Bucharest, Romania, increased by six times (compared to five times for men) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses, during a period of transition from a centrally planned to a market economy. A study of over 150 territory referential units shows a concentration of business women in central, high income areas and a correlation between the entrepreneurial status and education. Data from 50 telephone interviews show that women with university degrees are more likely to operate at a city-wide or national scale, in fields such as cosmeticology, consultancy, law, design, art, and manufacturing. Women without higher education tend to operate at a local, smaller scale. Both spatial concentration and education have an impact upon business behaviour.
在从中央计划经济向市场经济过渡期间,罗马尼亚布加勒斯特的女企业家在1992年至2002年人口普查期间增长了六倍(而男性为五倍)。一项针对150多个地区参考单位的研究表明,商业女性集中在中央高收入地区,创业地位与教育之间存在相关性。来自50次电话采访的数据显示,拥有大学学历的女性更有可能在全市或全国范围内从事美容、咨询、法律、设计、艺术和制造等领域的工作。没有受过高等教育的妇女往往在当地经营,规模较小。空间集中度和教育都会对商业行为产生影响。
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引用次数: 2
REGIONAL TRANSFORMATION IN SEMARANG CITY, INDONESIA 印尼森马朗市的区域转型
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2017.9.2.2
S. Giyarsih, M. Marfai
Endowed with rapidly changing physical and socio-economic conditions, Semarang City in Central Java Province serves as an interesting case study of Indonesia’s urban transformation. Secondary data, coupled with field observations and in-depth interviews with key informants and experts, were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods to show complex variations in urban evolution between Semarang’s numerous districts, with changes occurring much faster in some locations than in others. We show that urbanisation proceeds most rapidly where vacant open spaces and investment in various kinds of new public infrastructure are dominant, especially in such districts as Tembalang, Gunungpati, Genuk and Pedurungan. In contrast, transformation processes operate more slowly in Semarang’s saturated inner core.
中爪哇省三宝垄市拥有快速变化的自然和社会经济条件,是印度尼西亚城市转型的一个有趣案例。二次数据,加上实地观察和对关键信息提供者和专家的深入访谈,使用定性和定量描述方法进行了分析,以显示三宝垄众多地区之间城市演变的复杂变化,某些地区的变化速度比其他地区快得多。我们发现,在空置的开放空间和对各种新公共基础设施的投资占主导地位的地区,城市化进展最快,尤其是在特姆巴朗、古农帕蒂、杰努克和佩杜伦甘等地区。相比之下,在三宝垄饱和的内核中,转换过程运行得更慢。
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引用次数: 4
SOCIAL CROWDFUNDING: A NEW MODEL FOR FINANCING REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT? 社会众筹:区域发展融资的新模式?
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2016.8.2.1
Susana Bernardino, J. F. Santos, J. C. Ribeiro
Crowdfunding is an increasingly attractive source to fund social projects. However, to our best knowledge, the study of crowdfunding for social purposes has remained largely unexplored in the literature. This research envisages a detailed examination of the role of crowdfunding on the early-stage of the social projects at regional level. By comparing the characteristics of the projects available in the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange platform with others that did not use this source of financial support, we envisage to show the critical role of crowdfunding on regional development. The use of inferential techniques (Chi-square test, the Cramer’s V statistic, the Goodman and Kruskal λ and the odds ratio) demonstrates that the use of the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange platform was linked to the geographical location of the social venture as well as its geographical scope. Also, social ventures located on rural regions are more likely to use social crowdfunding platforms than social ventures located in urban areas. Further, the circumstance of having the social ventures acting at a local or regional level seems to be strongly associated with the possibility of using crowdfunding for financing social projects.
众筹是一个越来越有吸引力的社会项目融资渠道。然而,据我们所知,以社会为目的的众筹研究在很大程度上仍未在文献中得到探索。本研究设想在区域层面上详细考察众筹在社会项目早期阶段的作用。通过比较葡萄牙社会证券交易所平台上可用项目的特点与其他没有使用这种财政支持来源的项目,我们设想展示众筹在区域发展中的关键作用。使用推理技术(卡方检验、克莱默的V统计量、Goodman和Kruskal λ和比值比)表明,葡萄牙社会证券交易所平台的使用与社会企业的地理位置及其地理范围有关。此外,位于农村地区的社会企业比位于城市地区的社会企业更有可能使用社会众筹平台。此外,社会企业在地方或区域层面运作的情况似乎与使用众筹为社会项目融资的可能性密切相关。
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引用次数: 9
ENTERPRISE SUPPORT POLICY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION: THE CZECH REPUBLIC (2007-2013) 企业支持政策与领土凝聚力:捷克共和国(2007-2013)
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2017.9.2.3
J. Novosák, Oldřich Hájek, Jana Novosáková, M. Lindner
The intention of this paper is to evaluate whether the spatial distribution of Structural Funds (SF) for enterprise support interventions follows the relevant territorial cohesion objectives specified in the strategic documents of the Czech Republic in the programming period 2007-2013. The evidence provided suggests mixed results. A relatively high SF allocation to the regions, characterized by strong agglomeration economies and a strong entrepreneurial climate, supports the competitiveness objective, particularly for innovation-oriented interventions. Nevertheless, little support is given to the objective of balanced development because socio-economically disadvantaged regions do not receive a higher SF allocation, in particular traditional industrial regions suffering from industrial decline, high unemployment and with a poor entrepreneurial climate. In this regard, the absorption capacity concept is emphasized as being important for explaining the spatial distribution of SF.
本文旨在评估用于企业支持干预的结构基金的空间分布是否符合捷克共和国2007-2013年方案编制期间战略文件中规定的相关领土凝聚力目标。所提供的证据表明结果喜忧参半。各地区相对较高的SF分配,其特点是强大的集聚经济和强大的创业氛围,有助于实现竞争力目标,特别是针对创新型干预措施。然而,对平衡发展目标的支持很少,因为社会经济弱势地区没有得到更高的SF分配,特别是遭受工业衰退、高失业率和创业环境恶劣影响的传统工业地区。在这方面,吸收能力的概念被强调为对于解释SF的空间分布是重要的。
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引用次数: 3
REARRANGEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES FOR REDUCING INNER-CITY DISPARITY: CASE STUDY OF TANJUNG PINANG CITY, INDONESIA 重新安排行政边界以缩小城市内部差距&以印尼丹绒比南市为例
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2017.9.2.1
A. Pamungkas
An imbalance in development between islands in Tanjung Pinang City causes inner-city disparities due to insufficient development strategies, lack of public infrastructure and remoteness of islands. On the other hand, properly designed administrative boundaries can reduce inner-city disparities by enabling good development strategies, prioritizing public infrastructure development, and connecting the entire area, including remoter islands. This paper discusses how to re-arrange administrative boundaries, particularly at the district and sub-district levels in order to decrease inner-city disparities. A combination method of scoring and participatory mapping is used to suggest new district delineation for the city. After considering the outputs of scoring and participatory mapping, the district boundaries were changed from four to eight and then back to six districts. The paper also proposes key development strategies to boost development in poorer districts by improving the allocation of new infrastructure investment so as to optimize the impact of new municipal and provincial government statuses bestowed on the Dompak and Senggarang Districts. In addition, we suggest that development strategies should provide adequate infrastructure to connect remoter islands in the Penyengat Sub-district to the main island.
由于发展战略不足、缺乏公共基础设施和岛屿偏远,丹绒比昂市岛屿之间的发展不平衡导致了市中心的差异。另一方面,设计得当的行政边界可以通过制定良好的发展战略、优先发展公共基础设施以及连接整个地区(包括偏远岛屿)来减少市中心的差异。本文讨论了如何重新安排行政边界,特别是在地区和街道层面,以减少市中心的差异。采用评分和参与式制图相结合的方法来建议对城市进行新的区域划分。在考虑了评分和参与性绘图的结果后,地区边界从四个改为八个,然后又改为六个。该文件还提出了关键的发展战略,通过改善新基础设施投资的分配来促进贫困地区的发展,以优化新的市和省政府地位对东帕克和森加朗地区的影响。此外,我们建议,发展战略应提供足够的基础设施,将Penyengat分区的偏远岛屿与主岛连接起来。
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引用次数: 1
STEPS IN UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF INSTABILITY UPON URBAN TERITORRIAL SYSTEMS 理解不稳定对城市环境系统作用的步骤
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2015.7.2.6
A. Schvab, Igor Sîrodoev, Mirela Paraschiv, N. Văidianu
Instability is an omnipresent process that creates the conditions for adaptation and change. A territorial system cannot develop without instability. A high degree of system instability points out an acute structural and functional disorder. The present study proposes a method to measure system instability through economic structural and functional changes inside urban territorial systems. The analysis is done by quantifying the changes and transfers in internal economic hierarchies. System instability shows the role that the system plays in its environment and consequently the measures that can be taken to amplify or hinder (depending on the desired outcome) that role. The conceptual framework captures the adaptive processes associated with system instability and both structural and functional changes are evidenced. The non-linear processes were analysed for the urban territorial system of Baia Mare (Romania) underlining their role in the city’s adaptation to the changing of its environment. The proposed method starts from the assumption that internal systemic hierarchy is a very stable parameter of state. If the system is unstable, significant changes of the internal hierarchy will happen, and this will be reflected in a strong structural and functional shift. Measuring system instability helps better understanding the impact that change and adaptation have over the territorial system and its environment. Understanding these processes may offer policy makers the evidence they need to take actions in a conscious manner.
不稳定是一个无所不在的过程,它为适应和改变创造了条件。领土制度的发展离不开不稳定。高度的系统不稳定性指出了急性的结构和功能紊乱。本研究提出了一种通过城市地域系统内部的经济结构和功能变化来衡量系统不稳定性的方法。分析是通过量化内部经济等级的变化和转移来完成的。系统不稳定性表明系统在其环境中发挥的作用,以及可以采取的措施来扩大或阻碍(取决于预期结果)这种作用。概念框架捕捉了与系统不稳定相关的适应性过程,并证明了结构和功能的变化。分析了Baia Mare(罗马尼亚)城市地域系统的非线性过程,强调了它们在城市适应环境变化中的作用。所提出的方法是从假设内部系统层次结构是一个非常稳定的状态参数开始的。如果系统不稳定,内部层次结构将发生重大变化,这将反映在强烈的结构和功能转变中。衡量系统的不稳定性有助于更好地了解变化和适应对领土系统及其环境的影响。了解这些过程可以为决策者提供有意识地采取行动所需的证据。
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引用次数: 0
RELATIONS BETWEEN GLOBAL CITY CONNECTIVITY OF THE PRIMARY CITY AND THE SIZE NATIONAL ECONOMY 主要城市全球城市连通性与国民经济规模的关系
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2018.10.1.1
Yongling Yao, Yongmei Lu, Gan Wang, Yue Dong, Haowei Wang
Some scholars emphasize the global cities network and suggest the declining of the national power. On the contrary, many studies insist on the role of the national economy on global cities. However, there is no specific model to show this relation and no evidence to conform which factor at national level impact this connectivity. The aim of this paper is to set up a specific model to illustrate the relationship between the national economic size and global cities connectivity, and to find the factor at national level impacting on world city connectivity. Bootstrap regression is adopted to set up the model for the relation. The results reveal that the national economic size has significant effectiveness on the global city connectivity with logarithmic function. This finding gives an explicit approach to clarify the idea of ‘glocal’ states with the combination of global city connectivity and national urban system.
一些学者强调全球城市网络,提出国家实力的衰落。相反,许多研究坚持国民经济对全球城市的作用。然而,没有具体的模型来显示这种关系,也没有证据表明哪个因素在国家层面上影响了这种连通性。本文的目的是建立一个具体的模型来说明国家经济规模与全球城市连通性之间的关系,并找出国家层面影响世界城市连通性的因素。采用自举回归法建立关系模型。结果表明,国家经济规模对全球城市连通性具有显著的对数函数效应。这一发现提供了一种明确的方法来阐明“全球地方”状态的概念,将全球城市连通性和国家城市系统相结合。
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引用次数: 3
ADDRESSING SERVICE ACCESS BARRIERS FOR HOMELESS YOUTH: A CALL FOR COLLABORATION 解决无家可归青年获得服务的障碍:呼吁合作
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2014.6.1.6
Jeff L. Perron
Homeless youth are among the most vulnerable individuals in North American society. The day-to-day stressors they face while living on the streets pose a great threat to their mental and physical health. A number of barriers that youth face in accessing care have been identified in the literature. This discussion article highlights work that has been done to apply geographic theory to issues of service access among homeless youth. To date, most such work has been theoretical in nature, with collaborations between geographers and homeless youth researchers to make applied recommendations for the location of services. Urban geographers and homeless youth researchers are implored to collaborate in order to make recommendations that will increase the access to service, particularly for rural homeless youth.
无家可归的青年是北美社会中最脆弱的群体之一。他们在街头生活时面临的日常压力对他们的身心健康构成了巨大威胁。文献中已经确定了青年在获得护理方面面临的一些障碍。这篇讨论文章强调了将地理理论应用于无家可归青年获得服务问题所做的工作。到目前为止,大多数此类工作都是理论性质的,地理学家和无家可归的青年研究人员合作,为服务地点提出实用建议。恳请城市地理学家和无家可归青年研究人员合作,提出建议,以增加服务的可及性,特别是对农村无家可归青年而言。
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引用次数: 1
WASTED? MANAGING DECLINE AND MARKETING DIFFERENCE IN THIRD TIER CITIES 浪费了吗?管理三线城市的下滑和营销差异
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2012.4.1.1
T. Brabazon
Third-tier cities are neglected in the research literature. Global and second-tier cities provide the positive, proactive applications of city imaging and creative industries strategies. However, small cities – particularly those who reached their height and notoriety through the industrial revolution – reveal few strategies for stability, let alone growth. This study investigates an unusual third-tier city: Oshawa in Ontario Canada. Known as the home of General Motors, its recent economic and social development has been tethered to the arrival of a new institution of higher education: the University of Ontario Institute of Technology. Yet this article confirms that simply opening a university is not enough to commence regeneration or renewal, particularly if an institution is imposed on unwilling residents. Therefore, an alternative strategy – involving geosocial networking – offers a way for local businesses and organizations to attract customers and provide a digital medication to analogue injustice and decay.
三线城市在研究文献中被忽视。全球和二线城市积极主动地应用城市形象和创意产业战略。然而,小城市——尤其是那些通过工业革命达到顶峰并声名狼藉的城市——几乎没有展现出稳定的策略,更不用说增长了。这项研究调查了一个不寻常的三线城市:加拿大安大略省的奥沙瓦。作为通用汽车的故乡,它最近的经济和社会发展一直与一所新的高等教育机构的到来联系在一起:安大略理工大学。然而,这篇文章证实,仅仅开办一所大学是不足以开始复兴或更新的,特别是如果一所大学是强加给不情愿的居民的。因此,另一种策略——包括地理社交网络——为当地企业和组织提供了一种吸引客户的方式,并为模拟不公正和衰败提供了一种数字药物。
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引用次数: 2
DEVELOPMENT-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT IN ROMANIA: THE CASE OF ROŞIA MONTANĂ MINING PROJECT 罗马尼亚的发展引起的位移:以ROŞIA MONTANĂ采矿项目为例
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2012.4.1.4
Lucian Vesalon, Remus Crețan
This paper proposes a critical discussion of the population displacement processes involved in the Ro?ia Montan? gold-mining project within the theoretical framework of development-induced displacement (DID). We begin with an overview of the geographical context of the rural community, focusing on the social and economic structure of Ro?ia Montan?. After assessing the relocation and resettlement processes, we examine several problems related to the compensation mechanism set up by the mining company. The aim of the research is to highlight the complexity of the consequences of development-induced displacement and the limits of the policies of relocation and resettlement in the area.
本文对Ro?ia Montan?开发诱发位移(DID)理论框架内的金矿项目。我们首先概述了农村社区的地理背景,重点关注Ro?ia Montan?。在评估了搬迁和安置过程后,我们研究了与矿业公司建立的补偿机制有关的几个问题。研究的目的是强调发展引发的流离失所后果的复杂性以及该地区搬迁和重新安置政策的局限性。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis
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