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URBAN IDENTITY AND IRANIAN NEW TOWNS 城市身份和伊朗新城镇
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2015.7.1.6
Musa Pazhuhan, K. Zayyari, Behnam Ghasemzadeh, Hamid Qurbani
In an era when urbanization on a large scale and at a rapid pace has become a dominant trend, particularly in developing countries, the fundamental issue of urban spaces identity is always being ignored. This is an important issue in two respects. First, it refers to the weakening of the identity elements over time, coinciding with the new development; second, it regards the lack of attention to identity stimulants, and failure in using them in a figurative and semantic manner in a small-scale structure to the macro-scale of urban tissues. The relative identity crisis is particularly apparent in new towns and it is one of the obstacles to attract population into these soulless towns. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the identity of 10 new towns in Iran to achieve a conceptual-cognitive framework for reviewing the above mentioned problem. We conducted this research based on qualitative and quantitative methods and by the use of the Goeller matrix and of a qualitative survey questionnaire. Findings indicate that in terms of selected measures, the new town of Baharestan achieved the first place and the other two towns “Andisheh and Pardis” occupied the next ranks. Results indicate that among new towns under investigation, the new town of Baharestan got the highest rank because its principles of identity were inspired by the principles of the Isfahan School.
在一个大规模快速城市化已成为主导趋势的时代,特别是在发展中国家,城市空间认同的根本问题总是被忽视。这在两个方面是一个重要问题。首先,它指的是身份要素随着时间的推移而减弱,与新的发展相吻合;其次,它认为缺乏对身份刺激物的关注,以及未能在城市组织的宏观尺度上,在小规模结构中以形象和语义的方式使用身份刺激物。相对身份危机在新市镇尤为明显,也是吸引人口进入这些没有灵魂的市镇的障碍之一。本文的主要目的是评估伊朗10个新城的身份,以实现一个概念认知框架来回顾上述问题。我们基于定性和定量方法,使用Goeller矩阵和定性调查问卷进行了这项研究。调查结果表明,就选定的措施而言,巴哈雷斯顿新城位居第一,其他两个城镇“Andisheh和Pardis”位居第二。结果表明,在调查的新城中,巴哈雷斯坦新城的排名最高,因为其身份认同原则受到伊斯法罕学派原则的启发。
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引用次数: 2
THE IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK QUALITY ON THE OWNERSHIP STRATEGY. EVIDENCE FROM EU FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN SOUTH AND CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE 制度框架质量对所有权战略的影响。欧盟在东南欧和中东欧的外国直接投资证据
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2018.10.1.2
Constantinos Choromides
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered by scholars as a critical factor for economic growth and development. The recent economic crisis in the European Union (EU) has brought up again the discussion of the key drivers specific to the attraction of FDI. In addition to strict economic factor, the literature emphasises the role of institutions in a country as determinants in attracting FDI inflows. This study is one of the first to address the ownership strategy of multinational enterprises from the EU region undertaking FDI in former transitional economies in South (SEE) and Central Eastern Europe (CEE) using the concept of the quality of institutions. An analysis of the impact that the quality of market supporting institutions in determining ownership structure has of foreign affiliates in former transitional economies is attempted using an econometric model on institutional, regulatory, country specific and company level data based on a sample of 285 EU companies undertook FDI in 4 South and Central Eastern European countries during 1995-2015. We apply and advance the institution-based view of strategy by integrating it with resource-based and transaction cost considerations, incorporating three of the most important theoretical paradigms of international business studies.
外国直接投资(FDI)被学者们认为是经济增长和发展的关键因素。最近欧盟(EU)的经济危机再次引发了对吸引外国直接投资的关键驱动因素的讨论。除了严格的经济因素外,文献还强调了一个国家的制度在吸引外国直接投资流入方面的决定作用。本研究是第一个利用机构质量的概念来探讨在南欧(SEE)和中欧东欧(CEE)前转型经济体进行外国直接投资的欧盟区域跨国企业的所有权战略的研究之一。本文利用基于1995-2015年间在4个南欧和中东欧国家进行FDI的285家欧盟公司样本的制度、监管、国别和公司层面数据的计量经济模型,试图分析市场支持机构的质量对前转型经济体中外国子公司所有权结构的影响。我们运用并推进了基于制度的战略观点,将其与基于资源和交易成本的考虑相结合,结合了国际商业研究中最重要的三个理论范式。
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引用次数: 4
GOVERNANCE, URBAN COMPETITIVENESS AND CRISIS IN SPAIN 西班牙的治理、城市竞争力与危机
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2016.8.1.4
Xosé Somoza Medina
This article describes the rise of the term governance from its beginnings in the business world and the neoliberal economic thought through its application in urban renewal actions in the world’s major cities. Over the analysis, we argue that it was the theoretical discourse of urban governance and competitiveness that for decades enabled the private property sector to direct the urban regeneration processes of greatest added value. Changes in transport infrastructures and the abandonment of old industrial facilities left large central segments of the city available for redevelopment in line with the theories of post-Fordist capitalism. The global economic crisis has paralysed many of these projects, which had entailed the investment of large sums of public money and yielded low social returns. At the same time, criticism has been levelled against governance and strategic planning. Here, I examine the processes of governance and competitiveness as an urban objective and recent examples of urban renewal in Spanish cities.
本文描述了“治理”一词从商业世界开始的兴起,以及新自由主义经济思想通过其在世界主要城市的城市更新行动中的应用。通过分析,我们认为,几十年来,正是关于城市治理和竞争力的理论论述,使私有房地产部门能够指导城市更新过程,创造最大的附加值。交通基础设施的变化和旧工业设施的废弃,使得城市的大部分中心区域可以按照后福特主义资本主义的理论进行再开发。全球经济危机使许多这类项目陷于瘫痪,这些项目需要投入大量公共资金,社会回报却很低。与此同时,对公司治理和战略规划的批评也越来越多。在这里,我研究了治理和竞争力作为城市目标的过程,以及西班牙城市更新的最新例子。
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引用次数: 5
BROWNFIELDS REGENERATION, BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND CULTURAL HERITAGE. THE FORMER MILITARY SITES IN ORADEA, ROMANIA 棕地再生,介于可持续城市发展和文化遗产之间。罗马尼亚奥拉迪亚的前军事基地
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2016.8.1.6
C. Morar, Mircea Dulca, G. Nagy
The post-Cold War conditions, following the collapse of the USSR, brought radical socio-economic changes in Central and Eastern Europe, including the process of military restructuring – a process of military relocation, which resulted in huge amounts of under-used land. Many regions are facing development dilemmas while experiencing demilitarization transformations, as the process has left behind in many cities large areas of abandoned and potentially contaminated tracts of land. The paper deals with the multitude of military brownfields redevelopment benefits, explaining the case of the city of Oradea (Romania) which implemented effective land restoration through (re)development projects in order to address the considerable contemporary demand for new lands to sustain the residential, commercial and other socio-economic needs. The cultural-historical context of the former military constructions has to be mentioned, as the involved heritage buildings have a special architecture, being a direct result of the military development process under the historical influences.
苏联解体后的冷战后条件给中欧和东欧带来了根本的社会经济变化,包括军事重组过程——军事搬迁过程,导致大量土地使用不足。许多地区在经历非军事化转型的同时,面临着发展困境,因为这一进程在许多城市留下了大片被遗弃和可能被污染的土地。本文论述了军事棕地的大量再开发效益,解释了奥拉迪亚市(罗马尼亚)的情况,该市通过(再)开发项目实施了有效的土地恢复,以满足当代对新土地的巨大需求,从而满足住宅、商业和其他社会经济需求。前军事建筑的文化历史背景不得不提,因为所涉及的遗产建筑具有特殊的建筑,是历史影响下军事发展过程的直接结果。
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引用次数: 10
BIOENERGY BASED ON WOOD CHIPS AS THE DEVELOPMENT DRIVER OF NON-URBAN FORESTED AREAS 以木屑为基础的生物能源作为非城市林区发展的驱动力
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/jura.2017.9.1.4
N. Vukovic, S. Zalesov, Darko B. Vuković
One of the most important key factors for the development of non-urban areas is infrastructure, and energy generation is one of the fundamental infrastructure elements. This paper provides a new solution for energy generation based on wood chips which has a multi-sector effect because the offer to combine planning of forest cleaning cutting with bioenergy generation in one complex project, which will have socio-economic and ecological effects. The situation with forest fires makes the authors' idea more attractive because after forest fires the problem of cleaning cutting in forest becomes very important and urgent by ecological and economical points: after cleaning cutting there are a lot of low quality wood which can be recycled into chips for the production bioenergy by the authors' idea. This enriched methodology has successfully been applied into the regional strategical planning in the field of bioenergy and forestry of the Ural region of Russia; however, it is suitable for applications in regional development in any non-urban forested region of the world.
非城市地区发展最重要的关键因素之一是基础设施,而能源生产是基础设施的基本要素之一。本文为基于木屑的能源发电提供了一种新的解决方案,这种解决方案具有多部门效应,因为在一个复杂的项目中,将森林清洁砍伐的规划与生物能源发电相结合,将产生社会经济和生态影响。森林火灾的情况使作者的想法更具吸引力,因为森林火灾后,从生态和经济角度来看,森林中的清洁砍伐问题变得非常重要和紧迫:清洁砍伐后,有许多低质量的木材可以回收利用,制成芯片,用于生产生物能源。该方法已成功应用于俄罗斯乌拉尔地区生物能源和林业领域的区域战略规划;然而,它适用于世界上任何非城市森林地区的区域发展。
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引用次数: 2
HIGH-SPEED RAILWAY AND TOURISM: IS THERE AN IMPACT ON INTERMEDIATE CITIES? EVIDENCE FROM TWO CASE STUDIES IN CASTILLA-LA MANCHA (SPAIN) 高铁与旅游业:对中间城市有影响吗?卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰(西班牙)两个案例研究的证据
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2016.8.2.3
C. Varela, J. Navarro
The expectations of cities served by High Speed Rail are numerous. Improvements in a destination’s accessibility could lead to an increase in transport demand and the revitalization of urban and business tourism. However, High Speed Rail services do not automatically affect the choice of destination even if they improve accessibility. Even so, they can improve visitation rates when tourist amenities are located near High Speed Rail stations becoming therefore easily accessible. The development of tourism is also influenced by the collective strategies of local stakeholders. Larger cities also appear able to leverage higher tourist volumes from the construction of High Speed Rail and most analyses to date have focused upon them. Thus we focus here on how the arrival of High Speed Rail services has impacted tourism on medium sized cities. Using a diachronic study of different socio-economic variables and tourist features, this article analyses the impact that the new rail infrastructure can have on tourism in two selected cases in Spain: Cuenca and Toledo.
高铁服务城市的期望值是巨大的。目的地可达性的改善可能会导致交通需求的增加以及城市和商业旅游业的振兴。然而,高铁服务并不会自动影响目的地的选择,即使它们提高了可达性。即便如此,当旅游设施位于高铁站附近时,他们也可以提高访问率,从而变得方便。旅游业的发展也受到当地利益攸关方集体战略的影响。大城市似乎也能够利用高铁建设带来的更高旅游量,迄今为止大多数分析都集中在这些城市。因此,我们在这里关注高铁服务的到来如何影响中等城市的旅游业。本文通过对不同社会经济变量和旅游特征的历时性研究,分析了西班牙昆卡和托莱多两个选定案例中新铁路基础设施对旅游业的影响。
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引用次数: 6
EXPLORING THE QUALITY OF EMPLOYMENT IN ROMANIA AT DIFFERENT TERRITORIAL LEVELS 罗马尼亚不同地区就业质量调查
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2015.7.2.5
I. Mocanu, Paul Serban
The paper aims to explore the quality of employment at different territorial levels (national, macro-regional, regional, county and local level). The first section of the study approaches the quality of employment in terms of several perspectives (sociological, economic and geographical). Methodological aspects are discussed in the second section, with focus on the selection of statistical indicators by two main criteria: the relevance of the indicators and their availability for all the mentioned territorial levels. The largest part of the paper presents the analysis results, basically the typologies of the mentioned territorial levels in terms of selected indicators mirroring the quality of employment. The study shows that there exists a relationship between the situation of the quality of employment (weak, average or good) and the different territorial levels analysed.
本文旨在探讨不同地区(国家、宏观区域、区域、县和地方)的就业质量。本研究的第一部分从几个角度(社会学、经济和地理)探讨就业质量。第二节讨论了方法方面的问题,重点是根据两个主要标准选择统计指标:指标的相关性及其在上述所有地区层面的可用性。论文的大部分内容介绍了分析结果,基本上是上述地区层面在反映就业质量的选定指标方面的类型。研究表明,就业质量状况(弱、中等或良好)与所分析的不同地区水平之间存在关系。
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引用次数: 1
RENTAL INCOME AND CAP RATES: A COMPARISON OF THE LISBON AND PORTO HOUSING MARKETS 租金收入和上限率:里斯本和波尔图住房市场的比较
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2016.8.2.5
A. Moreira, F. Tavares, E. T. Pereira
The goal of this article is to analyse the relationship between rental income and capitalisation rates when real estate value is assessed in parishes of the Lisbon and Porto municipalities. Based on housing market values in euros per square metre during the 2006-2009 period, the income approach was used to compare the two main types of apartments (i.e. B2, or two-bedroom, and B1, or one-bedroom) in Lisbon and Porto. We used the capital asset pricing model to calculate the risk measure. The cluster analysis was used to group the Lisbon and Porto parishes according to their rental income and capitalisation rates. Regressions were used to model both geographical markets. Clear differences were found between Porto and Lisbon, the results being more robust for the Porto municipality in regard to B2 apartments. Moreover, rental income is inversely proportional to capitalisation rates for B1 apartments for Porto parishes, which means that there is an initial overinvestment.
本文的目的是分析租金收入和资本化率之间的关系,当房地产价值评估在里斯本和波尔图市政教区。根据2006-2009年期间以每平方米欧元为单位的住房市场价值,收入方法用于比较里斯本和波尔图的两种主要类型的公寓(即B2或两卧室,B1或一卧室)。我们使用资本资产定价模型来计算风险度量。聚类分析用于根据租金收入和资本化率对里斯本和波尔图教区进行分组。采用回归模型对两个地理市场进行建模。波尔图和里斯本之间存在明显的差异,波尔图市政府在B2公寓方面的结果更为明显。此外,波尔图教区B1公寓的租金收入与资本化率成反比,这意味着最初存在过度投资。
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引用次数: 5
THE DEGREE OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT: EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN BALTIMORE CITY 社区参与度:巴尔的摩市的实证研究
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2014.6.2.2
Soyoung Q. Park, Sungchan Kim
The purpose of this study is to investigate influential factors that affect the levels of community engagement. Factors include community-level characteristics as well as demographic features of individuals in the community of Baltimore City. The study examines various community factors that affect the level of community engagement in the urban area, such as the level of homeownership, socioeconomic factors such as income and education, and demographic factors such as race, age, and sex. Findings from the study indicate that various factors from the social-cum-ethnic stratification influence the degree of community engagement in this urban area. Specifically, communities with high income levels and high levels of homeownership are more likely to induce residents to participate in their community. With regard to demographic factors, African-Americans and persons over the age of 65 years old are more willing to engage in community activities.
本研究的目的是调查影响社区参与水平的影响因素。因素包括社区层面的特征以及巴尔的摩市社区中个人的人口统计特征。这项研究考察了影响城市地区社区参与水平的各种社区因素,如住房拥有水平、收入和教育等社会经济因素,以及种族、年龄和性别等人口统计因素。研究结果表明,来自社会和种族分层的各种因素影响着该城市地区的社区参与程度。具体而言,收入水平高、住房拥有率高的社区更有可能促使居民参与社区。关于人口因素,非裔美国人和65岁以上的人更愿意参与社区活动。
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引用次数: 5
IMPACT OF THE LOCATIONS OF SMALL TOWNS IN MAZOVIA (POLAND) ON THEIR SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND ON THEIR ROLE IN RELATION TO THE NEIGHBORING RURAL AREAS 马佐维亚(波兰)小城镇的位置对其社会经济结构及其与邻近农村地区关系的影响
IF 0.7 Q3 GEOGRAPHY Pub Date : 2020-10-10 DOI: 10.37043/JURA.2016.8.2.2
Jerzy Bański, Konrad Ł. Czapiewski, Magdalena Górczyńska
This paper centers on the smallest towns (with populations below 10 000 inhabitants) in Mazovia region, Poland. What is mainly involved in the paper is an indicating of differences or regularities characterising the functional structures of small towns, and the roles they play in respect of the surrounding areas – in relation to their geographical location. The subjects of the detailed study were 10 localities in Mazovia: Serock, Radzymin, O?arów Mazowiecki, Pilawa and Skaryszew – all located in the vicinity of a large agglomeration; and ?osice, Ró?an, Przysucha, Lipsko and Chorzele, in peripheral locations. Small peripheral towns have much more important functions to supply to the rural areas surrounding them than the agglomerated towns. Unfortunately, they are losing internal potential and they are characterised by unfavourable demographic processes. In turn, the small towns located within the wider surroundings of the agglomerations have been experiencing population growth.
本文以波兰马佐维亚地区最小的城镇(人口低于10000)为中心。本文主要涉及的是小城镇功能结构的差异或规律,以及它们在周边地区所扮演的角色——与它们的地理位置有关。详细研究的对象是马佐维亚的10个地区:Serock、Radzymin、O?arów Mazowiecki、Pilawa和Skaryszew——均位于一个大型聚集区附近;和欧西,罗?an、Przysucha、Lipsko和Chorzele,位于外围位置。外围小城镇向周边农村地区提供的功能要比聚集城镇重要得多。不幸的是,他们正在失去内部潜力,其特点是不利的人口过程。反过来,位于聚集区更广阔环境中的小城镇也在经历人口增长。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis
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