Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1215/0041462X-8912299
Patrick Bixby
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Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1525/NCL.2021.75.4.495
L. Wilhelm
Lindsay Wilhelm, “Bright Sunshine, Dark Shadows: Decadent Beauty and Victorian Views of Hawai‘i” (pp. 495–526) Inspired by the recent global turn in aestheticism and decadence studies, this essay considers how late-Victorian discourses surrounding beauty, pleasure, and morality inform contemporary literary representations of Hawai‘i as both supremely inviting and dangerously languorous. The essay begins with a short overview of the broader geopolitical and historical circumstances that helped shape nineteenth-century understandings of Hawai‘i—a place renowned abroad for its beauty and hospitality, but nonetheless still notorious as the site of James Cook’s death in 1779. Next, the essay traces the peculiar ambivalence with which travel memoirs such as Isabella Bird’s The Hawaiian Archipelago (1875) and Constance Gordon-Cumming’s Fire Fountains (1883) describe their authors’ experiences in the islands. In these memoirs, Hawai‘i evidences the same convergence between beauty and decay that undergirds the controversial aesthetics of Algernon Charles Swinburne, Oscar Wilde, and other adherents of the creed of “art for art’s sake.” Focusing particularly on Robert Louis Stevenson’s fairy tale “The Bottle Imp” (1891), the essay then examines the ways in which Victorian writers utilize Hawai‘i’s leprosy epidemic as an occasion for exploring the perils of aesthetic hedonism. The essay concludes by briefly turning to the work of nineteenth-century Hawaiian historian Samuel Kamakau, whose own depictions of the decaying Hawaiian village reveal, by contrast, how these British accounts enlist the language of decadence in the service of empire.
林赛·威廉姆（Lindsay Wilhelm），《明亮的阳光，黑暗的阴影：夏威夷的颓废美和维多利亚观点》（Bright Sunshine，Dark Shadows:Decadent Beauty and Victorian Views of Hawai'i）（第495-526页）受最近全球唯美主义和颓废研究转向的启发，和道德使夏威夷的当代文学表现既极具吸引力，又充满危险的懒散。这篇文章首先简要概述了更广泛的地缘政治和历史环境，这些环境有助于形成19世纪对夏威夷的理解。夏威夷以其美丽和好客而闻名于世，但仍因1779年詹姆斯·库克去世而臭名昭著。接下来，这篇文章追溯了伊莎贝拉·伯德（Isabella Bird）的《夏威夷群岛》（the Hawaiian Archipelago，1875年）和康斯坦斯·戈登·卡明（Constance Gordon Cumming）的《喷泉》（Fire Fountains，1883年）等旅行回忆录描述作者在这些岛屿上的经历时所特有的矛盾心理。在这些回忆录中，夏威夷证明了美与腐朽之间的趋同，这为阿尔杰农·查尔斯·斯温伯恩、奥斯卡·王尔德和其他“为艺术而艺术”信条的追随者的有争议的美学奠定了基础，然后，本文考察了维多利亚时代作家如何利用夏威夷的麻风病疫情来探索审美享乐主义的危险。文章最后简要回顾了19世纪夏威夷历史学家Samuel Kamakau的作品，他自己对衰败的夏威夷村庄的描述揭示了相比之下，这些英国人的描述是如何利用颓废的语言为帝国服务的。
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Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1525/NCL.2021.75.4.417
M. Greaney
Michael Greaney, “‘The Meaner & More Usual &c.’: Everybody in Emma” (pp. 417-440) This essay aims to read Jane Austen’s Emma (1815) not as a portrait of a pampered individual but as a story of collective or communal selfhood—that is, as the story of everybody. “Everybody”—the term is used approximately one hundred times in this novel—in Emma is both more and less than a village or a neighborhood. Spread and shared across people, discourses, bodies, and institutions, “everybodiness” is variously apprehended as public opinion, or a ubiquitous collective gaze, or a shared repertoire of constantly updated gossip-narratives, without ever being quite reducible to any one of these. With a mixture of disdain and disquiet, Emma equates everybodiness with banal group-think, senseless chatter, lackluster mediocrity, and oppressive sameness—but, even as it thinks these superciliously undemocratic thoughts, Austen’s novel grants “everybody” narrative space in which to contest the terms of its own marginalization.
Michael Greaney，“The Meaner&More Usual&c.：Emma中的每个人”（第417-440页）这篇文章的目的不是将简·奥斯汀的《Emma》（1815年）解读为一个娇生惯养的个人的肖像，而是一个集体或集体自我的故事——也就是说，解读为每个人的故事。“每个人”——这个词在这部小说中被使用了大约一百次——在Emma中，它或多或少比一个村庄或社区要小。“每一个身体”在人、话语、身体和机构中传播和共享，被不同地理解为公众舆论，或无处不在的集体凝视，或不断更新的八卦叙事的共享剧目，而从来没有被简化为任何一种。带着轻蔑和不安的混合，Emma将每个人都等同于平庸的集体思维、毫无意义的闲聊、平庸和令人压抑的千篇一律——但是，即使它认为这些傲慢的不民主思想，奥斯汀的小说也为“每个人”提供了叙事空间，让他们可以在其中质疑自己被边缘化的条件。
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Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.1525/NCL.2021.75.4.552
L. Voskuil
{"title":"Review: Novel Cultivations: Plants in British Literature of the Global Nineteenth Century, by Elizabeth Hope Chang","authors":"L. Voskuil","doi":"10.1525/NCL.2021.75.4.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/NCL.2021.75.4.552","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"75 1","pages":"552-555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42075904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.372
A. Chapman
Alison Georgina Chapman, “Apple Pips, Fruit Stains, and Clammy Juice: Nature’s Ornaments and the Aesthetics of Preservation in Thomas Hardy's The Woodlanders” (pp. 372–398) This paper explores Thomas Hardy’s representation of the natural world as ornamental in The Woodlanders (1887). Previous critics have pointed to the ornate and artificial descriptions of the environment to argue that nature is strangely absent in The Woodlanders. However, I argue that Hardy sees ornamental aesthetics as uniquely capable of representing ecology. As a mode that appeals to the senses while resisting interpretation, ornament captures how nature can be simultaneously overbearing in its influence over, and remote as a source of consolation to, its human interlopers. Moreover, ornament’s formal openness—specifically its capacity for endless embellishments—is better suited to nature’s mutability and inherent complexity. This adaptive, combinatory capacity proves to be a central aesthetic value for Hardy. In his architectural writing, the author argues that old buildings must be preserved from renovators who would replace these monuments’ eccentric, bric-a-brac histories with simplified, formally coherent structures. Hardy’s concern here is not only aesthetic but also ecocritical, as the author notes that such renovations often entail massive amounts of waste. Ornamental complexity and its capacity for adaptation, repurposing, and reuse thus yoke together Hardy’s interests in historic preservation, aesthetics, and ecology. By reading The Woodlanders as an ornamental novel, this essay shows how Hardy’s decorous style is part of a broader ecological and ethical project.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.403
C. Gelmi
{"title":"Review: In Plain Sight: Nineteenth-Century American Women’s Poetry and the Problem of Literary History, by Alexandra Socarides","authors":"C. Gelmi","doi":"10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"75 1","pages":"403-406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44076189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.346
I. Yamboliev
Irena Yamboliev, “Vernon Lee’s Novel Construction” (pp. 346–371) This essay proposes that we understand Vernon Lee’s debut novel, Miss Brown (1884), as enacting a theory of literary language’s constructive potency that Lee develops in her critical essays. Those critical essays offer a vibrant nineteenth-century formalism, suggesting how fiction constructs and formalizes our realities, shaping readers’ mental and emotional circuits as it arranges phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. In Miss Brown, Lee crafts a prose style that meticulously tracks the protagonist’s formation—the “little dramas of expectation, fulfilment and disappointment,…of tensions and relaxations”—rendering that formation as a drama of sentence-level structuration. The resulting “representation” of Anne Brown is interrupted with adjective-rich stretches conspicuously geared toward defining, formulating, and theorizing what is being represented, essay-like. By treating the protagonist as an occasion to foreground syntax’s active building and abstracting, Miss Brown’s prose partakes in the kind of literary practice that has recently been described as nonmimetic realism—realism that does more than denote and refer and reflect what is, and instead performs, meditating on form’s process, to project and inform new potentialities.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.406
Renata Kobetts Miller
{"title":"Review: Victorians on Broadway: Literature, Adaptation, and the Modern American Musical, by Sharon Aronofsky Weltman","authors":"Renata Kobetts Miller","doi":"10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.406","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"75 1","pages":"406-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48979631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.399
Debra Gettelman
{"title":"Review: Reading with the Senses in Victorian Literature and Science, by David Sweeney Coombs","authors":"Debra Gettelman","doi":"10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/NCL.2020.75.3.399","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54037,"journal":{"name":"NINETEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURE","volume":"75 1","pages":"399-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41651332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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