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Too much of a good thing? Exploring the curvilinear relationship between environmental, social, and governance and corporate financial performance 好事过头反成坏事探索环境、社会和治理与公司财务绩效之间的曲线关系
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00157-y
Eunmi Tatum Lee, Xiaoyuan Li

The effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities on corporate financial performance (CFP) could be linear or nonlinear. However, inconsistent results remain a research gap and thus need to be re-examined. By drawing on stakeholder theory and the neoclassical economics perspective while using the panel data of 155 Chinese listed firms from 2010 to 2020, system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation results revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship between ESG and CFP. Moreover, by drawing on the institutional-based view, it was determined that government subsidies moderate the inverted U-shaped relationship between ESG and CFP. Specifically, we found that the inverted U-shaped effect of ESG on CFP is weakened when government subsidies are high. This study contributes to the literature by confirming the presence of a curvilinear relationship between ESG and CFP. This study also generates meaningful implications suggesting that the governmental role in ESG is salient in mitigating associated financial costs for firms, thereby ultimately affecting CFP.

环境、社会和治理(ESG)活动对企业财务绩效的影响可以是线性的,也可以是非线性的。然而,不一致的结果仍然是一个研究空白,因此需要重新审视。运用利益相关者理论和新古典经济学视角,利用2010 - 2020年155家中国上市公司的面板数据,系统广义矩量法(GMM)估计结果显示ESG与财务绩效之间存在倒u型关系。此外,借鉴基于制度的观点,确定政府补贴调节了ESG与财务绩效之间的倒u型关系。具体而言,我们发现ESG对CFP的倒u型效应在政府补贴较高时减弱。本研究通过确认ESG和CFP之间存在曲线关系,为文献做出了贡献。本研究还产生了有意义的启示,表明政府在ESG中的作用在减轻企业相关财务成本方面是显著的,从而最终影响CFP。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of emotional intelligence and personality traits on managing team performance in virtual interface 情绪智力和人格特质对虚拟界面管理团队绩效的影响
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-09-23 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00154-1
Susan Murmu, Netra Neelam

Abstract

This research paper explores the implications of emotional intelligence and the Big Five personality model on virtual team effectiveness. It illustrates how emotional intelligence and Big Five personality traits help team members better understand interpersonal relationships and develop constructive virtual teams. The widespread use of virtual team meetings for collaborative work over in-person interaction with diverse personalities creates discord and trust among team members, limiting overall productivity. A quantitative analysis approach is used, with hypotheses tested and a series of multiple linear regression analyses performed on data collected from relevant industries using convenient sampling. The findings show that the Big Five personality affects the virtual team's trust and collaboration parameters. However, the relationship between personality traits and team effectiveness is mediated by emotional intelligence. Also, it is explored that having control over emotional intelligence or developing emotional intelligence would improve team performance while managing and working with a diverse group of people.

摘要本研究探讨了情绪智力和大五人格模型对虚拟团队效能的影响。它说明了情商和大五人格特征如何帮助团队成员更好地理解人际关系,发展建设性的虚拟团队。在协作工作中广泛使用虚拟团队会议,而不是与不同个性的人面对面交流,这会在团队成员之间造成不和谐和信任,从而限制整体生产力。采用定量分析方法,对相关行业收集的数据进行假设检验和一系列多元线性回归分析,采用方便抽样。研究结果表明,大五人格会影响虚拟团队的信任和协作参数。然而,人格特质与团队效能之间的关系是通过情绪智力来中介的。此外,研究还探讨了在管理和与不同群体的人一起工作时,控制情商或发展情商会提高团队绩效。
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引用次数: 1
Examining distinctions and relationships between Creating Shared Value (CSV) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Eight Asia-based Firms 考察八家亚洲企业创造共享价值(CSV)和企业社会责任(CSR)之间的区别和关系
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00153-2
Hamid Khurshid, Robin Stanley Snell

Abstract

Corporate activities conducted under the banner of creating shared value (CSV) have gained popularity over the last decade, and some MNCs have espoused that CSV has entered the heart of their practices. There has, however, been criticism about the lack of a standard definition of CSV. The purpose of the current study was to develop a working definition of CSV by identifying distinctions between CSV and various conceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR). We conducted 26 semi-structured interviews with managers and stakeholder representatives of five multinational corporations (MNCs) and three small and medium enterprises (SMEs), all headquartered or rooted in Asia. These firms had received public recognition for their CSV engagement. We compared and contrasted interviewees’ conceptions and descriptions of CSV and traditional CSR (philanthropy) and mapped these against Carroll’s four-layer model of responsible corporate management. Interviewees tended to frame CSV as a sustainable business model that generates social and economic value simultaneously. Traditional CSR was characterized as “giving back” some of the surplus from economic returns. In addition, interviewees described examples of strategic CSR, which involved pump-priming interventions for empowering and enabling stakeholders of the CSV practices of the focal firm to participate in the associated wealth and well-being co-creation.

摘要在创造共享价值(CSV)的旗帜下进行的公司活动在过去十年中越来越受欢迎,一些跨国公司已经承认CSV已经进入了他们实践的核心。然而,有人批评缺乏CSV的标准定义。本研究的目的是通过识别CSV与各种企业社会责任(CSR)概念之间的区别,制定CSV的工作定义。我们对五家跨国公司(MNCs)和三家中小型企业(SMEs)的经理和利益相关者代表进行了26次半结构化访谈,这些企业的总部或总部均位于亚洲。这些公司的CSV参与得到了公众的认可。我们比较和对比了受访者对CSV和传统CSR(慈善)的概念和描述,并将其与卡罗尔的负责任企业管理的四层模型进行了对比。受访者倾向于将CSV定义为同时产生社会和经济价值的可持续商业模式。传统的企业社会责任被描述为“回馈”一些经济收益的盈余。此外,受访者还描述了战略性企业社会责任的例子,其中涉及为重点公司的CSV实践的利益相关者赋予权力和使其能够参与相关的财富和福祉共同创造的注入干预措施。
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引用次数: 1
Holistic thinking and risk-taking perceptions reduce risk-taking intentions: ethical, financial, and health/safety risks across genders and cultures 整体思维和冒险观念降低了冒险意图:跨性别和文化的道德、财务和健康/安全风险
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00152-3
Jingqiu Chen, Thomas Li-Ping Tang, ChaoRong Wu

Holistic thinking involves four subconstructs: causality, contradiction, attention to the whole, and change. This holistic perspective varies across Eastern–Western cultures and genders. We theorize that holistic thinking reduces three domain-specific risk-taking behavioral intentions (ethical, financial, and health/safety) directly and indirectly through enhanced risk-taking attitudes. Our formative theoretical model treats the four subconstructs of holistic thinking as yoked antecedents and frames it in a proximal context of causes and consequences. We simultaneously explore the direct and indirect paths and test our model across cultures, genders, and the combination of the two. For the entire sample (N = 531), holistic thinking negatively relates to risk intentions via enhanced risk perceptions. Across cultures, the indirect paths prevail among Chinese people (n = 284), and both direct and indirect paths triumph for Americans (n = 247). Across genders, the indirect paths exist for females, whereas the negative direct path (risk-raking attitudes → behavioral intentions) succeeds for males. Across cultures and genders, holistic thinking negatively relates to American males’ ethical risks the most but Chinese males’ financial risks the least. Risk-taking perceptions are negatively related to Chinese males’ ethical risks the most, but Chinese people’s (males/females) financial risks the least. Causality and change are vital for all contexts, attention to the whole for all males and Chinese males, and contradiction for Americans and all females. Holistic thinking has limits and is less robust than risk-taking perceptions in reducing risky behavioral intentions. Our practical implications help people make ethical, healthy, and wealthy decisions.

整体思维包括因果性、矛盾性、整体性、变化性四个构念。这种整体视角在东西方文化和性别中有所不同。我们的理论认为,整体思维通过增强冒险态度,直接或间接地减少了三个特定领域的冒险行为意图(伦理、财务和健康/安全)。我们的形成性理论模型将整体思维的四个子结构视为相互关联的先决条件,并将其置于因果关系的近端背景中。我们同时探索直接和间接的路径,并在文化、性别和两者的结合中测试我们的模型。对于整个样本(N = 531),整体思维通过增强风险感知与风险意图负相关。在不同文化中,中国人(n = 284)普遍采用间接路径,美国人(n = 247)采用直接路径和间接路径。在两性中,女性存在间接路径,而男性则存在负的直接路径(冒险态度→行为意图)。在不同文化和性别中,整体思维与美国男性的道德风险负相关最大,而与中国男性的财务风险负相关最小。风险感知与中国男性伦理风险负相关最大,与中国男性/女性财务风险负相关最小。因果关系和变化对于所有语境来说都是至关重要的,对于所有男性和中国男性来说都是关注整体的,对于美国人和所有女性来说是矛盾的。在减少冒险行为意图方面,整体思维是有局限性的,而且不如冒险意识那么强大。我们的实际意义帮助人们做出道德、健康和富有的决定。
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引用次数: 1
Role of collective and personal virtues in corporate citizenship and business success: a mixed method approach 集体和个人美德在企业公民和商业成功中的作用:混合方法方法
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00150-5
Jayalakshmy Ramachandran, Geetha Subramaniam, Angelina Seow Voon Yee, Vanitha Ponnusamy

Abstract

Organisational leaders mismanaging business affairs are guided by performance pressures and/or greed while pressurising employees to follow. Unethical activities have led to stakeholder losses, with no accountability by individuals perpetuating the fraud. Corporate governance frameworks and subsequent reforms have been used merely as tick box measures, proving them inefficient in numerous corporate collapses. This study intends to explore and analyse the roles of personal and collective virtues in corporate citizenship. Developing from the virtues theory and using a mixed method of three focus group discussions and a self-administered questionnaire of 119 participants from various organisations, the authors establish that personal virtues are important to portray ethical individualism. However, in a corporate setting, collective virtues are more important to enhance corporate citizenship, through ethical culture and collective accountability.

摘要组织领导者对商业事务的管理不善是受到绩效压力和/或贪婪的引导,同时迫使员工跟随。不道德的活动导致了利益相关者的损失,而个人没有对欺诈行为承担责任。公司治理框架和随后的改革仅仅被用作复选框措施,证明它们在众多公司倒闭中效率低下。本研究旨在探讨和分析个人美德和集体美德在企业公民中的作用。从美德理论出发,采用三个焦点小组讨论和来自不同组织的119名参与者的自我管理问卷的混合方法,作者确立了个人美德对描绘道德个人主义的重要性。然而,在企业环境中,通过道德文化和集体责任,集体美德对于增强企业公民意识更为重要。
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引用次数: 2
A crisis that changed the banking scenario in India: exploring the role of ethics in business 一场改变印度银行业现状的危机:探讨道德在商业中的作用
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00151-4
Sushma Nayak, Jyoti Chandiramani

Abstract

Digital business has marked an era of transformation, but also an unprecedented growth of cyber threats. While digital explosion witnessed by the banking sector since the COVID-19 pandemic has been significant, the level and frequency of cybercrimes have gone up as well. Cybercrime officials attribute it to remote working—people using home computers or laptops with vulnerable online security than office systems; malicious actors relentlessly developing their tactics to find new ways to break into enterprise networks and grasping defence evasion; persons unemployed during the pandemic getting into hacking; cloud and data corruption; digital fatigue causing negligence; etc. This study adopts a case-based approach to explore the importance of business ethics, information sharing and transparency to build an information-driven society by scouting the case of Punjab and Maharashtra Co-operative (PMC) Bank, India. PMC defaulted on payments to its depositors and was placed under Reserve Bank of India’s directions due to financial irregularities and a massive fraud perpetrated by bank officials by orchestrating the bank’s IT systems. The crisis worsened when panic-stricken investors advanced their narrative through fake news peddled via social media channels, resulting in alarm that caused deaths of numerous depositors. It exposed several loopholes in information management in India’s deposit insurance system and steered the policy makers to restructure the same, thus driving the country consistent with its emerging market peers. The study further identifies best practices for aligning employees towards ethical behaviour in a virtual workplace and the pedagogical approaches for information management in the new normal.

摘要数字商业标志着一个时代的转型,同时也带来了前所未有的网络威胁增长。自2019冠状病毒病大流行以来,银行业经历了数字爆炸,但网络犯罪的水平和频率也有所上升。网络犯罪官员将其归咎于远程工作人员使用家庭电脑或笔记本电脑,这些电脑的网络安全比办公系统更脆弱;恶意行为者不断发展他们的策略,寻找进入企业网络的新方法,并抓住防御逃避;在大流行期间失业的人进入黑客活动;云和数据损坏;数码疲劳导致疏忽;等。本研究以印度旁遮普邦和马哈拉施特拉邦合作银行(PMC)为例,采用基于案例的方法探讨商业道德、信息共享和透明度对构建信息驱动型社会的重要性。由于财务违规和银行官员通过协调银行IT系统犯下的大规模欺诈行为,PMC拖欠向储户支付的款项,并被置于印度储备银行(Reserve Bank of India)的监管之下。当惊慌失措的投资者通过社交媒体渠道兜售的假新闻宣传他们的说法时,危机恶化了,导致大量储户死亡。它暴露了印度存款保险系统信息管理中的几个漏洞,并引导政策制定者对该系统进行重组,从而推动印度与新兴市场同行保持一致。该研究进一步确定了使员工在虚拟工作场所中遵守道德行为的最佳实践,以及新常态下信息管理的教学方法。
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引用次数: 1
Gender-inclusive corporate boards and business performance in Pakistan 巴基斯坦性别包容的公司董事会和企业绩效
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00147-0
Syeda Hoor-Ul-Ain, Khalid M. Iraqi

Abstract

This study examines the significance of gender-inclusive corporate boards for improving business performance in Pakistan and addresses the social paradox of gender quotas for reducing gender disparities in boardrooms. The conceptual review of all-inclusive literature focuses on assembling descriptive outlines of the evidence explored; analyzing and evaluating it; sieving out inapt studies; and furnishing an aperçu of the authentic evidence. Pakistan’s case for boardroom’s gender diversity merits consideration in the context of kinship, competence, business ethics, and meritocracy. With the legal and regulatory push in the form of the Companies Act, 2017 and SECP’s regulation, companies in Pakistan are liable to induct at least one woman director on corporate boards. The literature portrays the legislative measures as controversial and presented polarized opinions on gender quotas, either in favor or in against the legislations. The research evinces that the overall women representation in the listed companies at KSE-100 index was 7.55% in August 2019 which rose to 11% till March 2020. The paper contributes towards exposing the social paradox of gender-inclusive boardrooms in Pakistan. The findings indicate an urgent need for the implementation of gender parity social reforms to empower competent women with their legal rights to enjoy the stature they deserve.

摘要本研究考察了性别包容性公司董事会对改善巴基斯坦企业绩效的重要性,并解决了性别配额对减少董事会性别差异的社会矛盾。全包文献的概念综述侧重于收集所探索证据的描述性概述;对其进行分析和评估;筛选不恰当的研究;并提供真实证据的纸张。巴基斯坦董事会性别多样性的案例值得从亲属关系、能力、商业道德和精英管理的角度来考虑。随着2017年《公司法》和SECP法规形式的法律和监管推动,巴基斯坦的公司有责任在公司董事会中引入至少一名女性董事。文献将立法措施描述为有争议的,并在性别配额问题上提出了两极分化的意见,无论是赞成还是反对立法。研究表明,2019年8月,KSE-100指数上市公司中女性的总体比例为7.55%,截至2020年3月,这一比例上升至11%。这篇论文有助于揭露巴基斯坦董事会性别包容的社会悖论。调查结果表明,迫切需要实施性别平等的社会改革,赋予有能力的妇女合法权利,让她们享有应有的地位。
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引用次数: 1
The social and ethical issues of online learning during the pandemic and beyond 大流行期间和之后在线学习的社会和伦理问题
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00148-z
Sonali Bhattacharya, Venkatesh Murthy, Shubhasheesh Bhattacharya
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引用次数: 0
The social and ethical issues of online learning during the pandemic and beyond 大流行期间和之后在线学习的社会和伦理问题
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00148-z
Sonali Bhattacharya, Venkatesha Murthy, Shubhasheesh Bhattacharya

Abstract

This article describes how the COVID-19 pandemic has forced the higher education institutes in developing nations like India to relook at pedagogical approaches. Due to government imposing nationwide lockdown, higher educational institutes were quickly adopting to imbibe online learning medium. This research takes a qualitative thematic analytical approach to explore the facilitators and challenges to online learning from the perspectives of both learners and educators in higher education institutes. We have specifically explored the ethical and social concerns related to online learning and the possible solution for the same.

摘要本文描述了新冠肺炎疫情如何迫使印度等发展中国家的高等教育机构重新审视教学方法。由于政府在全国范围内实施封锁,高等教育机构很快开始采用在线学习媒体。本研究采用定性主题分析方法,从高等教育机构的学习者和教育者的角度探讨在线学习的推动者和挑战。我们专门探讨了与在线学习相关的道德和社会问题,以及可能的解决方案。
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引用次数: 8
Junzi virtues: a Confucian foundation for harmony within organizations 君子德:儒家组织和谐的基础
IF 1.3 Q2 ETHICS Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.1007/s13520-022-00146-1
Robin Stanley Snell, Crystal Xinru Wu, Hong Weng Lei

Abstract

The classical literature on Confucianism exhorted leaders to practice five core virtues as the basis for becoming a noble person (Junzi) and for sustaining harmonious communities built on trust and good example. We present a theory about how the senior management in modern corporations, by enacting the five Junzi virtues through virtuous environmental, social, and governance (ESG) policies and practices, might inspire virtue-based relationships between superiors and subordinates and between employees. We argue that if middle managers and employees observe and experience that their firm’s ESG policies and practices are virtuous, they would feel encouraged to practice those virtues in their own behavior, and thus embody and promote interpersonal harmony. We provide three types of illustration for our theory. First, we map the five Junzi virtues to the content of a specimen ESG report. Second, we map seven subtypes of servant leadership behavior of middle managers to the five Junzi virtues. Third, we map seven types of employee organizational citizenship behavior to the five Junzi virtues.

摘要儒家经典文献劝诫领导人践行五种核心美德,作为成为君子的基础,并在信任和好榜样的基础上维持和谐的社区。本文提出了一种理论,探讨现代企业的高级管理层如何通过良好的环境、社会和治理(ESG)政策和实践来树立君子五德,从而激发上下级和员工之间基于美德的关系。我们认为,如果中层管理人员和员工观察并体验到他们公司的ESG政策和实践是有益的,他们就会受到鼓励,在自己的行为中实践这些美德,从而体现和促进人际和谐。我们为我们的理论提供了三种类型的说明。首先,我们将君子五德映射到样本ESG报告的内容。其次,我们将中层管理者服务型领导行为的七个子类型映射到五君子美德。第三,我们将七种类型的员工组织公民行为映射到五君子美德。
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引用次数: 5
期刊
Asian Journal of Business Ethics
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