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Bayesianische Erkenntnistheorie für Normalos 法线的贝叶斯认识论
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/dzph-2022-0020
E. Schmidt
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引用次数: 0
Der Schatten der Liebe 爱的影子
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/dzph-2022-0017
Robert B. Pippin
Abstract There is an unusual link between the two most prominent themes in Proust’s In Search of Time Past: the psychological dimensions of love and the experience of lived temporality. Each experience is shadowed by, and intensified by, even seems to require, absence. The absence of the beloved is the source of jealousy, and that experience is treated as inseparable, and sometimes as indistinguishable, from love itself. And the absence of reliable access to the past, or the vanishing of the past into a realm of fantasy and projection, undermines any confidence in our mutual interpretability. At the extreme, jealousy is depicted as sustaining a love all by itself, something captured in Swann’s famous, puzzling closing statement at the end of the “Swann in Love” section of the first novel: “To think that I have wasted years of my life, that I’ve longed to die, that I have experienced my greatest love, for a woman who didn’t appeal to me, who wasn’t even my type.” The aim of this paper is to understand the dynamic of presence and absence, its role in the link between these two themes, and thereby to understand such a claim as much more than a singular character’s expression of a neurotic obsession.
摘要普鲁斯特的《寻找过去的时光》中两个最突出的主题之间有着不同寻常的联系:爱的心理维度和生活的时间性体验。每一次经历都被缺席所笼罩,甚至似乎需要缺席。爱人的缺席是嫉妒的根源,这种经历被视为与爱本身密不可分,有时甚至无法区分。缺乏对过去的可靠了解,或者过去消失在幻想和投射的领域,破坏了我们对相互可解释性的信心。在极端的情况下,嫉妒被描述为独自维持一段爱,这一点在斯旺在第一部小说“斯旺在爱中”部分结尾的著名而令人困惑的结束语中得到了体现:“想到我浪费了多年的生命,我渴望死,我经历了我最伟大的爱,一个对我没有吸引力的女人,她甚至不是我喜欢的类型。“本文的目的是理解在场和不在场的动态,以及它在这两个主题之间的联系中所起的作用,从而将这种说法理解为不仅仅是一个单一角色对神经质痴迷的表达。
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引用次数: 0
Verschwörungstheorien und das Erbe der Aufklärung: Auf den Schultern von Scheinriesen 阴谋论和启蒙主义的遗产都压在巨人的肩上
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/dzph-2022-0015
T. Spiegel
Abstract Conspiracy theories are currently all the rage in philosophy and broader intellectual culture. One of the most common background assumptions in the discourse on conspiracy theories is that conspiracy theorists exhibit certain epistemic vices in the sense of cognitive misconduct. This epistemic vice is mostly seen as a form of irrationality; the corresponding “remedy”, as suggested by some commentators, is a return to the ideals of the Enlightenment. This article argues that this idea is wrongheaded. Upon closer inspection, it becomes clear that conspiracy theorists are actually motivated by the rational Enlightenment ideal of self-thinking in the first place. In contrast to the standard discourse, the article posits that conspiracism is based on a certain form of social scepticism, according to which conspiracy theorists radically mistrust a certain form of expert testimony, namely “official” statements. This form of social scepticism in turn facilitates a naive appropriation of the Enlightenment ideal of self-thinking. The article closes by drawing connections to the ethical and epistemological debate on trust and offers the pessimistic assessment that there are no easy solutions based on individual epistemic virtues.
摘要阴谋论目前在哲学和更广泛的知识文化中风靡一时。阴谋论话语中最常见的背景假设之一是,阴谋论者在认知不当的意义上表现出某些认知恶习。这种认识上的罪恶感主要被视为一种非理性;正如一些评论家所建议的那样,相应的“补救措施”是回归启蒙运动的理想。这篇文章认为这种观点是错误的。经过仔细观察,很明显,阴谋论者最初的动机实际上是自我思考的理性启蒙理想。与标准话语相反,文章认为阴谋论是基于某种形式的社会怀疑论,根据这种怀疑论,阴谋论者根本不信任某种形式的专家证词,即“官方”陈述。这种形式的社会怀疑反过来又助长了对启蒙运动自我思考理想的天真挪用。文章最后将信任与伦理和认识论辩论联系起来,并提供了悲观的评估,即没有基于个人认识美德的简单解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Autonomie und menschliche Lebensform 自主和人类生活
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/dzph-2022-0014
G. Melichar
Abstract In 2020, M. Summa developed a promising approach to understanding the concept of illness. This approach combines a theory of organisms with Responsive Phenomenology to gain a concept of illness. Following on from this, the present article shows that the normative presuppositions can be further explicated and justified by drawing on the theoretical resources of Aristotelian naturalism as propounded by Michael Thompson. Aristotelian naturalism does provide a theoretical option to grasp the normative foundations of human life. However, this article argues that Aristotelian naturalism requires another criterion besides human nature to make the concept of illness intelligible. Following John McDowell’s critique of Aristotelian naturalism, it will be shown that this criterion consists in the capacity for autonomy. From this a concept of (mental) illness is developed which describes an impairment of the self-regulated and autonomous realisation of the human form of life.
摘要2020年,M.Summa开发了一种很有前途的方法来理解疾病的概念。这种方法将生物体理论与反应现象学相结合,以获得疾病的概念。在此基础上,本文指出,借鉴迈克尔·汤普森提出的亚里士多德自然主义的理论资源,规范性预设可以得到进一步的阐释和论证。亚里士多德自然主义确实提供了一种理论选择来把握人类生活的规范基础。然而,本文认为亚里士多德自然主义除了人性之外,还需要另一个标准来使疾病的概念变得可理解。继约翰·麦克道尔对亚里士多德自然主义的批判之后,将表明这一标准包括自主能力。由此产生了一个(精神)疾病的概念,它描述了对人类生活形式的自我调节和自主实现的损害。
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引用次数: 0
Was bedeutet Zustimmung ohne Zwang? 没有胁迫的同意意味着什么?
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/dzph-2022-0021
E. Neuhann
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引用次数: 0
Proust – Philosophie als ästhetische Praxis 普鲁斯特——哲学作为一种美学实践
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/dzph-2022-0019
Katrin Wille
Abstract The philosophical reading of Proust’s Recherche presented here suggests Proust’s aesthetic method as a model for philosophy (as an aesthetic practice). The term “aesthetic” refers to the constitutive role of sensation, perception, and sensuality for the practice of philosophising. In Proust’s peculiar descriptions a specific form of “sentient thinking” (empfindendes Denken) takes shape. This thinking is characterised by the entanglement of the particular as detailed description and the general as theoretical reflection. With reference to Proust, the philosophical practice of describing is developed into a central element of philosophy as aesthetic practice.
本文对普鲁斯特《追忆》的哲学解读表明,普鲁斯特的美学方法是哲学(作为一种美学实践)的典范。“美学”一词是指感觉、知觉和感性在哲学实践中的构成作用。在普鲁斯特独特的描述中,一种特殊形式的“感知思维”(empfindendes Denken)形成了。这种思维的特点是把特殊的东西当作详细的描述,把一般的东西当作理论的反思。在普鲁斯特看来,描述的哲学实践作为美学实践发展成为哲学的核心要素。
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引用次数: 0
Schreibarten, Lesarten, Denkarten 写作、阅读、思考
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/dzph-2022-0018
M. Seel
Abstract The entire corpus of Proust’s Recherche is permeated by philosophical digressions, reflections, aphorisms, dialogues and monologues. These are presented by a number of different and often divergent voices – that of the narrator who is the fictive author of the novel, that of the young Marcel on his long way to become this writer, those of many other figures, with whom Marcel interacts, that of the real author, who has permanently rewritten the text and finally the authority of the text as a whole. The interplay of these perspectives is an essential part of the drama the novel displays. Their contrast cannot, must not and should not be overcome in favour of an integrated and justified point of view of the kind professional philosophy is aiming at. Following this observation, the essay highlights a number of intertwined strands of philosophical motives in the Recherche in order to explore a basic relationship as well as tension between philosophy and literature. Proust’s novel – like other instances of literature and the arts – is not primarily made for a veridical but primarily for a processual thinking. It invites its readers to get involved and to linger in open ended mind games. Philosophising in and with the Recherche means doing philosophy without heading at a philosophy.
摘要普鲁斯特《研究》的整个语料库中充斥着哲学的离题、反思、警句、对话和独白。这些都是由许多不同的、往往是不同的声音呈现的——小说的虚构作者叙述者的声音,年轻的马塞尔在成为这位作家的漫长道路上的声音,马塞尔与之互动的许多其他人物的声音,真正的作者的声音,他永久地改写了文本,最终成为了整个文本的权威。这些视角的相互作用是小说所展现的戏剧性的重要组成部分。在这一观察之后,本文强调了《研究》中一些相互交织的哲学动机,以探索哲学与文学之间的基本关系和张力。普鲁斯特的小说——就像其他文学和艺术作品一样——主要不是为了真实,而是为了过程思维。它邀请读者参与进来,在开放式的心理游戏中流连忘返。在研究中和研究一起哲学意味着做哲学而不去研究哲学。
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引用次数: 0
Intracerebral manifestation of iatrogenic, immunodeficiency-associated polymorphic B-LPD with morphology mimicking Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report and literature review. 先天性、免疫缺陷相关多态 B-LPD 脑内表现,形态酷似霍奇金淋巴瘤:病例报告和文献综述。
IF 0.6 4区 哲学 0 PHILOSOPHY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-021-00478-0
Leonie Saft, Marina Perdiki-Grigoriadi, Georgios Rassidakis

Iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (IA-LPD) may arise in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs for autoimmune disease or other conditions. Polymorphic EBV-positive B-lymphoproliferations often have features mimicking Hodgkin lymphoma and typically a self-limited, indolent course. We present an unusual case with isolated, intracerebral manifestation of polymorphic B-LPD with features of classic Hodgkin-lymphoma in an immunosuppressed patient treated with methotrexate and infliximab, including clinical-radiological features and a detailed description of morphological findings, together with a literature review on reported cases  of primary CNS manifestation of cHL and IA-LPD with Hodgkin-like morphology. The patient achieved complete remission following neurosurgery with gross total tumor resection and drug withdrawal without any additional treatment. Post-operative staging revealed no evidence for focal relapse or systemic disease during the 18 months follow-up period. Among the previously reported 24 cases of primary, isolated Hodgkin lymphoma in the central nervous system, three similar cases of iatrogenic, IA-LPDs were identified and are discussed here. Polymorphic B-LPD are destructive lesions with a range of morphologic features and disease manifestations. It is clinically important to recognize the spectrum of proliferations with features of classic Hodgkin lymphoma in immunodeficiency, iatrogenic settings, because they are likely to impact the choice of treatment strategies.

先天性免疫缺陷相关淋巴组织增生性疾病(IA-LPD)可能发生在因自身免疫性疾病或其他疾病而接受免疫抑制剂治疗的患者身上。多形性EB病毒阳性B淋巴细胞增生症通常具有模仿霍奇金淋巴瘤的特征,病程通常为自限性、惰性。我们介绍了一个不寻常的病例,该病例是一名接受甲氨蝶呤和英夫利昔单抗治疗的免疫抑制患者,其脑内表现为孤立的多形性B-LPD,具有典型霍奇金淋巴瘤的特征,包括临床-放射学特征和形态学结果的详细描述,并对已报道的具有霍奇金样形态的cHL和IA-LPD原发性中枢神经系统表现的病例进行了文献综述。该患者在神经外科手术中接受了肿瘤全切除术,并在未接受任何其他治疗的情况下停药,术后病情得到完全缓解。术后分期显示,在18个月的随访期间没有发现病灶复发或全身性疾病的迹象。在之前报道的 24 例中枢神经系统原发性、孤立性霍奇金淋巴瘤病例中,发现了 3 例类似的先天性、IA-LPD 病例,在此进行讨论。多形性B-LPD是具有一系列形态特征和疾病表现的破坏性病变。在临床上,认识免疫缺陷和先天性环境中具有典型霍奇金淋巴瘤特征的增生谱非常重要,因为它们可能会影响治疗策略的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Schwerpunkt: Diskursbeobachtungen – Care, Sorge und Fürsorge 重点是观察书籍关心关心关心
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/dzph-2022-0004
Tatjana Schönwälder-Kuntze
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引用次数: 0
Die Sorge um sich und die anderen 对他自己和其他人的关心
IF 0.2 4区 哲学 Q3 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/dzph-2022-0006
Gerald Posselt
Abstract Against the backdrop of contemporary debates about care ethics and care, this article undertakes a re-reading of Foucault’s analyses of the ancient care of the self. While the care of the self has so far been interpreted primarily in terms of an ethics and aesthetics of the self, it argues that the care of the self is constituted by the presence of the Other. This becomes clear as soon as one links the care of the self to parrhesia, which signifies an act of truth-telling through which the individual constitutes herself as the subject of a discourse of truth by confronting the Other with the truth. It is through this connection that the care of the self and parrhesia unfold their critical potential, as can be seen in the examples of Sophocles’ Antigone or the whistleblower Edward Snowden. This makes it possible not only to detach the concept of care from its close entanglement with the private sphere and to reframe it in political terms but also to envisage a critical attitude that is based both on the care of the self and others and on a concern for truth.
摘要在当代关于关怀伦理和关怀的争论背景下,本文对福柯对古代自我关怀的分析进行了重读。虽然到目前为止,对自我的关怀主要是从自我的伦理和美学角度来解释的,但它认为,对自身的关怀是由他者的存在构成的。当一个人将对自我的关怀与假意联系起来时,这一点就变得很清楚了,假意意味着一种讲真话的行为,通过这种行为,个人通过用真理面对他人,将自己构成真理话语的主体。正是通过这种联系,对自我和假意的照顾展现了它们的关键潜力,正如索福克勒斯的《安提戈涅》或告密者爱德华·斯诺登的例子所示。这不仅可以将关怀的概念从与私人领域的密切纠缠中分离出来,并在政治上重新定义它,还可以设想一种基于对自我和他人的关怀以及对真相的关注的批评态度。
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引用次数: 0
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DEUTSCHE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHILOSOPHIE
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