Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204655
R. Comeau, A. Seaman, A. Bloxam
RECENTLY COMPILED DATASETS for hillforts and corn-drying kilns in the west of Britain, when subject to chronological analysis using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), show a sharp and lasting fall-off in activity in the later 6th and 7th centuries. This paper investigates this through the regional and broader evidence for three major paradigms of change at this time: the Justinianic Plague, climate change, and the growth of Christianity, the last manifested in transfers of land to churches and in an ascetism which affected assembly practices. The resultant analysis provides archaeologically derived insights into social changes of this period, and raises questions about the applicability of dominant narratives framed in other regions.
{"title":"Plague, Climate and Faith in Early Medieval Western Britain: Investigating Narratives of Change","authors":"R. Comeau, A. Seaman, A. Bloxam","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204655","url":null,"abstract":"RECENTLY COMPILED DATASETS for hillforts and corn-drying kilns in the west of Britain, when subject to chronological analysis using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), show a sharp and lasting fall-off in activity in the later 6th and 7th centuries. This paper investigates this through the regional and broader evidence for three major paradigms of change at this time: the Justinianic Plague, climate change, and the growth of Christianity, the last manifested in transfers of land to churches and in an ascetism which affected assembly practices. The resultant analysis provides archaeologically derived insights into social changes of this period, and raises questions about the applicability of dominant narratives framed in other regions.","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"1 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49068272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204741
L. Travaini
{"title":"Coins in Churches. Archaeology, Money and Religious Devotion in Medieval Northern Europe","authors":"L. Travaini","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204741","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"231 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45452368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204734
C. Stanford
{"title":"Crucible of Nations, Scotland from Viking Age to Medieval Kingdom","authors":"C. Stanford","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204734","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"224 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44264458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204758
S. Mileson
This is an important book about medieval peasants and their role in the development of the west midlands region of England. Dyer’s study takes a peasant-centred approach to a range of spheres including agriculture, rural industry and urban growth, and he considers peasant values and identities as well as the nature of village communities. The emphasis is on the decisions that ordinary people took to improve their lives, while acknowledging the power of lords, the pressures on small rural producers and differences relating to holding size, tenure and stage in the life-cycle. The findings build on the author’s long engagement with the varied landscapes of Gloucestershire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire, where mainly small towns met the needs of producers from champion vales and wolds, in which arable farming was carried out in extensive open fields, and from woodland areas where small open fields and enclosures supported a more mixed economy. The Forest of Dean in the south-west was a markedly industrialised area with a strong sense of identity. Nine main chapters cover the making of the medieval landscape; social structures; individuals and communities (including discussion of migration, social mobility and charity); family and household; cereal farming; the management of livestock and pasture; towns (including peasant influences on their fortunes); industry (observing its link with poverty); and peasant outlooks and perceptions. Attention is paid to change over time – more closely in some chapters than in others – with the Black Death dividing an expansive phase and a later period of retreat and reorientation. The analysis is based on documents, archaeology and fieldwork, including that carried out by the author and his collaborators. Dyer squeezes a good deal from specialist reports on crops and animal bones as well as from manorial records, tithe receipts and literary texts. His writing style is, as ever, clear and enjoyable to read, with specialist terms explained in a useful glossary. Elegantly drawn and well-chosen figures include distribution maps and plans of specific locations, such as that showing pottery production sites at Hanley Castle by the River Severn. Peasants Making History is a thoroughly humane study which sets a high bar for future work in medieval regional and social history. Arguments are deftly balanced and supported by deep knowledge of the period. Novel approaches are deployed, for instance in looking at the plays which villagers performed for their lords as an indication of their ability to co-ordinate complex activities and as evidence of local traditions of music and drama. A measure of confidence in the findings is that sometimes one might want the author to go further. Common trends are rightly identified, but how significant were differences? Factors promoting individualism in enclosed landscapes are presented alongside reasons for collaboration, but can an overall assessment be reached about the character of soci
{"title":"Peasants Making History. Living in an English Region 1200–1540","authors":"S. Mileson","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204758","url":null,"abstract":"This is an important book about medieval peasants and their role in the development of the west midlands region of England. Dyer’s study takes a peasant-centred approach to a range of spheres including agriculture, rural industry and urban growth, and he considers peasant values and identities as well as the nature of village communities. The emphasis is on the decisions that ordinary people took to improve their lives, while acknowledging the power of lords, the pressures on small rural producers and differences relating to holding size, tenure and stage in the life-cycle. The findings build on the author’s long engagement with the varied landscapes of Gloucestershire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire, where mainly small towns met the needs of producers from champion vales and wolds, in which arable farming was carried out in extensive open fields, and from woodland areas where small open fields and enclosures supported a more mixed economy. The Forest of Dean in the south-west was a markedly industrialised area with a strong sense of identity. Nine main chapters cover the making of the medieval landscape; social structures; individuals and communities (including discussion of migration, social mobility and charity); family and household; cereal farming; the management of livestock and pasture; towns (including peasant influences on their fortunes); industry (observing its link with poverty); and peasant outlooks and perceptions. Attention is paid to change over time – more closely in some chapters than in others – with the Black Death dividing an expansive phase and a later period of retreat and reorientation. The analysis is based on documents, archaeology and fieldwork, including that carried out by the author and his collaborators. Dyer squeezes a good deal from specialist reports on crops and animal bones as well as from manorial records, tithe receipts and literary texts. His writing style is, as ever, clear and enjoyable to read, with specialist terms explained in a useful glossary. Elegantly drawn and well-chosen figures include distribution maps and plans of specific locations, such as that showing pottery production sites at Hanley Castle by the River Severn. Peasants Making History is a thoroughly humane study which sets a high bar for future work in medieval regional and social history. Arguments are deftly balanced and supported by deep knowledge of the period. Novel approaches are deployed, for instance in looking at the plays which villagers performed for their lords as an indication of their ability to co-ordinate complex activities and as evidence of local traditions of music and drama. A measure of confidence in the findings is that sometimes one might want the author to go further. Common trends are rightly identified, but how significant were differences? Factors promoting individualism in enclosed landscapes are presented alongside reasons for collaboration, but can an overall assessment be reached about the character of soci","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"243 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49397134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204759
P. Stamper
This is an important book about medieval peasants and their role in the development of the west midlands region of England. Dyer’s study takes a peasant-centred approach to a range of spheres including agriculture, rural industry and urban growth, and he considers peasant values and identities as well as the nature of village communities. The emphasis is on the decisions that ordinary people took to improve their lives, while acknowledging the power of lords, the pressures on small rural producers and differences relating to holding size, tenure and stage in the life-cycle. The findings build on the author’s long engagement with the varied landscapes of Gloucestershire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire, where mainly small towns met the needs of producers from champion vales and wolds, in which arable farming was carried out in extensive open fields, and from woodland areas where small open fields and enclosures supported a more mixed economy. The Forest of Dean in the south-west was a markedly industrialised area with a strong sense of identity. Nine main chapters cover the making of the medieval landscape; social structures; individuals and communities (including discussion of migration, social mobility and charity); family and household; cereal farming; the management of livestock and pasture; towns (including peasant influences on their fortunes); industry (observing its link with poverty); and peasant outlooks and perceptions. Attention is paid to change over time – more closely in some chapters than in others – with the Black Death dividing an expansive phase and a later period of retreat and reorientation. The analysis is based on documents, archaeology and fieldwork, including that carried out by the author and his collaborators. Dyer squeezes a good deal from specialist reports on crops and animal bones as well as from manorial records, tithe receipts and literary texts. His writing style is, as ever, clear and enjoyable to read, with specialist terms explained in a useful glossary. Elegantly drawn and well-chosen figures include distribution maps and plans of specific locations, such as that showing pottery production sites at Hanley Castle by the River Severn. Peasants Making History is a thoroughly humane study which sets a high bar for future work in medieval regional and social history. Arguments are deftly balanced and supported by deep knowledge of the period. Novel approaches are deployed, for instance in looking at the plays which villagers performed for their lords as an indication of their ability to co-ordinate complex activities and as evidence of local traditions of music and drama. A measure of confidence in the findings is that sometimes one might want the author to go further. Common trends are rightly identified, but how significant were differences? Factors promoting individualism in enclosed landscapes are presented alongside reasons for collaboration, but can an overall assessment be reached about the character of soci
{"title":"Fransham: People and Land in a Central Norfolk Parish from the Palaeolithic to the Eve of Parliamentary Enclosure","authors":"P. Stamper","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204759","url":null,"abstract":"This is an important book about medieval peasants and their role in the development of the west midlands region of England. Dyer’s study takes a peasant-centred approach to a range of spheres including agriculture, rural industry and urban growth, and he considers peasant values and identities as well as the nature of village communities. The emphasis is on the decisions that ordinary people took to improve their lives, while acknowledging the power of lords, the pressures on small rural producers and differences relating to holding size, tenure and stage in the life-cycle. The findings build on the author’s long engagement with the varied landscapes of Gloucestershire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire, where mainly small towns met the needs of producers from champion vales and wolds, in which arable farming was carried out in extensive open fields, and from woodland areas where small open fields and enclosures supported a more mixed economy. The Forest of Dean in the south-west was a markedly industrialised area with a strong sense of identity. Nine main chapters cover the making of the medieval landscape; social structures; individuals and communities (including discussion of migration, social mobility and charity); family and household; cereal farming; the management of livestock and pasture; towns (including peasant influences on their fortunes); industry (observing its link with poverty); and peasant outlooks and perceptions. Attention is paid to change over time – more closely in some chapters than in others – with the Black Death dividing an expansive phase and a later period of retreat and reorientation. The analysis is based on documents, archaeology and fieldwork, including that carried out by the author and his collaborators. Dyer squeezes a good deal from specialist reports on crops and animal bones as well as from manorial records, tithe receipts and literary texts. His writing style is, as ever, clear and enjoyable to read, with specialist terms explained in a useful glossary. Elegantly drawn and well-chosen figures include distribution maps and plans of specific locations, such as that showing pottery production sites at Hanley Castle by the River Severn. Peasants Making History is a thoroughly humane study which sets a high bar for future work in medieval regional and social history. Arguments are deftly balanced and supported by deep knowledge of the period. Novel approaches are deployed, for instance in looking at the plays which villagers performed for their lords as an indication of their ability to co-ordinate complex activities and as evidence of local traditions of music and drama. A measure of confidence in the findings is that sometimes one might want the author to go further. Common trends are rightly identified, but how significant were differences? Factors promoting individualism in enclosed landscapes are presented alongside reasons for collaboration, but can an overall assessment be reached about the character of soci","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"243 - 244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49427927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204727
Eljas Oksanen, Michael Lewis
THIS PAPER SEEKS to evaluate transformations in portable material culture following the Black Death in England (1348–1349), specifically through an analysis of small metal finds data recorded with the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS). It will discuss the use of Geographic Information Systems and other computational methods in archaeological research, and apply this to compare and contrast PAS data against that from excavated urban sites. The importance of PAS data will then be highlighted as a chronological and spatially wide-ranging resource for understanding socio-economic change in portable material culture throughout the Middle Ages, focussing on the significant period of demographic change in the 14th century. It is suggested that an improvement in living standards is reflected in the variety of portable objects that have been recovered, and case studies of certain artefact types, with specific emphasis on dress accessories, will be used to demonstrate this.
{"title":"Evaluating Transformations in Small Metal Finds Following the Black Death","authors":"Eljas Oksanen, Michael Lewis","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204727","url":null,"abstract":"THIS PAPER SEEKS to evaluate transformations in portable material culture following the Black Death in England (1348–1349), specifically through an analysis of small metal finds data recorded with the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS). It will discuss the use of Geographic Information Systems and other computational methods in archaeological research, and apply this to compare and contrast PAS data against that from excavated urban sites. The importance of PAS data will then be highlighted as a chronological and spatially wide-ranging resource for understanding socio-economic change in portable material culture throughout the Middle Ages, focussing on the significant period of demographic change in the 14th century. It is suggested that an improvement in living standards is reflected in the variety of portable objects that have been recovered, and case studies of certain artefact types, with specific emphasis on dress accessories, will be used to demonstrate this.","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"159 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42528363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204766
R. Halsey
{"title":"Mapping New Territories in Art and Architectural Histories. Essays in Honour of Roger Stalley","authors":"R. Halsey","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204766","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"248 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41771904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204764
Arthur Redmonds
ant period in the history of the medieval lordship, while not losing sight of the contemporary major historical developments. This is reinforced by the many first-rate illustrations contained in this study, many of which are colour plates taken specifically by the authors. Indeed, many readers might be surprised to learn that so many sites and artefacts in Ireland still survive to this day to indicate the importance of the Crusades to medieval Ireland. Sometimes, though, the remains no longer survive so that the only knowledge we have of them is from the written sources; the best example of this is arguably the principal Hospitaller preceptory at Kilmainham, Co. Dublin, which has disappeared in the westward expansion of post-medieval Dublin City. In the end, readers should be convinced that, although the overall numbers of crusaders who originated from Ireland was quite small, they often punched well above their weight in this period, as is richly illustrated by the career of Hugh De Lacey II in a parallel campaign against the heretical Cathars in the Languedoc region of southern France. This new volume successfully builds upon earlier scholarly research, mainly historically based, and now presents us with a much fuller picture, as expertly summarised by O’Keeffe in his Epilogue. Without doubt this book reflects the currently vibrant state of medieval studies here in Ireland, and should therefore be on the reading list of any medieval researcher.
{"title":"The Irish Tower House. Society, Economy and Environment, c. 1300–1650","authors":"Arthur Redmonds","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204764","url":null,"abstract":"ant period in the history of the medieval lordship, while not losing sight of the contemporary major historical developments. This is reinforced by the many first-rate illustrations contained in this study, many of which are colour plates taken specifically by the authors. Indeed, many readers might be surprised to learn that so many sites and artefacts in Ireland still survive to this day to indicate the importance of the Crusades to medieval Ireland. Sometimes, though, the remains no longer survive so that the only knowledge we have of them is from the written sources; the best example of this is arguably the principal Hospitaller preceptory at Kilmainham, Co. Dublin, which has disappeared in the westward expansion of post-medieval Dublin City. In the end, readers should be convinced that, although the overall numbers of crusaders who originated from Ireland was quite small, they often punched well above their weight in this period, as is richly illustrated by the career of Hugh De Lacey II in a parallel campaign against the heretical Cathars in the Languedoc region of southern France. This new volume successfully builds upon earlier scholarly research, mainly historically based, and now presents us with a much fuller picture, as expertly summarised by O’Keeffe in his Epilogue. Without doubt this book reflects the currently vibrant state of medieval studies here in Ireland, and should therefore be on the reading list of any medieval researcher.","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"246 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48829191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204756
C. Dyer
{"title":"The Fabric of the City. A Social History of Cloth Manufacture in Medieval Ypres","authors":"C. Dyer","doi":"10.1080/00766097.2023.2204756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00766097.2023.2204756","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54160,"journal":{"name":"Medieval Archaeology","volume":"67 1","pages":"241 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45502118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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