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From Edessa to Urfa: The Fortification of the Citadel 从埃德萨到乌尔法:城堡的防御工事
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204752
P. Newson
The ancient city of Edessa, later al-Ruh a ) , modern-day Urfa/Şanlıurfa in Turkey, has had a long and distinguished history. However, very little of the city fabric remains extant from before the Ottoman period; exceptions are some fragments of the city defences and the associated high citadel – the subject of this book – whose impressive perimeter walls stand as a complex palimpsest of different periods, particularly those prior to the Ottoman period. Cristina Tonghini’s aims were to make a detailed assessment of the constructional history of the citadel, as a first step in understanding the political, economic and social factors behind its development. Much of this attractive publication is dedicated to recording the extant perimeter wall structures. Tonghini comprehensively presents the results, including colour photos throughout and 39 full colour annotated plates at the end, detailing successions of wall construction styles. In gathering together written sources and inscriptional evidence, along with establishing a wall typology and subsequent wall stratigraphy, her research project has delineated nine periods of wall construction. One interesting point highlighted from the written sources is that the citadel fortifications were not begun until the time of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian (ruled 527-65). Fascinating are the impressive number of carved Arabic inscriptions set into the citadel walls, which have proved helpful in determining construction phases through commemorations of site investment by various dynasties such as the Aq Qoyunlu of the 15th century. Accordingly, the methodology and the presentation of the results serve as a model for future fortification studies. Tonghini effectively sheds much light on the technological development of military architecture, principally across the 7th to 15th centuries, during which time Urfa served as a strategic strongpoint in the continual tussle between different powers. Certainly this study helps fill notable gaps in our knowledge of Urfa and the citadel’s role, particularly as regards such issues as the potential impact of Armenian master-builders, and the previously littleknown importance of Mamluk influence on the citadel’s construction. It is to be hoped future work will build upon this very solid foundation.
埃德萨古城,后来的al-Ruh a),现代土耳其的乌尔法/Şanlıurfa,有着悠久而辉煌的历史。然而,在奥斯曼帝国时期之前,这座城市的结构几乎没有保留下来;例外的是一些城市防御工事的碎片和相关的高城堡——本书的主题——其令人印象深刻的周长墙是不同时期的复杂重写本,特别是奥斯曼帝国时期之前的时期。Cristina Tonghini的目的是对城堡的建筑历史进行详细评估,作为了解其发展背后的政治、经济和社会因素的第一步。这个吸引人的出版物的大部分都致力于记录现存的周长墙结构。Tonghini全面展示了结果,包括整个彩色照片和最后的39个全彩色注释板,详细介绍了墙体建筑风格的继承。通过收集文字资料和铭文证据,以及建立城墙类型和随后的城墙地层学,她的研究项目描绘了九个城墙建设时期。从书面资料中突出的一个有趣的观点是,城堡的防御工事直到拜占庭皇帝查士丁尼(统治527-65)时期才开始。令人着迷的是,城堡墙壁上雕刻的阿拉伯语铭文数量令人印象深刻,事实证明,通过纪念各个朝代(如15世纪的阿克琼云路)的遗址投资,这些铭文有助于确定建筑阶段。因此,方法和结果的提出可作为今后强化研究的一个模式。Tonghini有效地揭示了军事建筑的技术发展,主要是在7世纪到15世纪,在此期间,乌尔法在不同大国之间的持续斗争中充当了战略据点。当然,这项研究有助于填补我们对乌尔法和城堡作用的认识上的显著空白,特别是在亚美尼亚建筑大师的潜在影响等问题上,以及以前鲜为人知的马穆鲁克对城堡建设的影响。希望今后的工作将建立在这个非常坚实的基础上。
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引用次数: 0
The Watlington Hoard. Coinage, Kings and the Viking Great Army in Oxfordshire, AD875–880 沃特灵顿宝藏。公元875 - 880年,牛津郡的铸币、国王和维京大军
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204733
J. Richards
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引用次数: 2
Ireland and the Crusades 爱尔兰和十字军东征
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204763
T. Barry
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引用次数: 1
Active Whaling, Opportunistic Scavenging or Long-Distance Trading: Zooarchaeological, Palaeoproteomic, and Historical Analyses on Whale Exploitation and Bone Working in Anglo-Saxon Hamwic 主动捕鲸,机会主义拾荒或长途贸易:动物考古学,古蛋白质组学,以及对盎格鲁-撒克逊Hamwic鲸鱼开发和骨骼加工的历史分析
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204674
Y. van den Hurk, I. Riddler, K. McGrath, C. Speller
THE ANGLO-SAXON SITE OF HAMWIC (modern Southampton, Hampshire, UK) has been identified as a major bone-working centre. Besides antler and terrestrial mammal bone, cetacean bone has been recovered in high quantities. These specimens primarily represent working waste. Using peptide mass fingerprinting of bone collagen (ZooMS), it was determined that the majority of these specimens derive from the currently highly endangered population of North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis). Limited historical sources appear to suggest that whaling was undertaken by the Anglo-Saxons, or by the Normans on the other side of the English Channel prior to the eleventh century ad. Nevertheless, the primary method of acquisition for whale bone was through opportunistic scavenging and trading.
汉普郡安格罗-沙逊遗址(现代英国汉普郡南安普顿)已被确定为一个主要的骨骼工作中心。除了鹿角和陆生哺乳动物的骨头外,鲸目动物的骨头也被大量回收。这些样本主要代表工作废物。使用骨胶原蛋白的肽质量指纹图谱(ZooMS),确定这些标本中的大多数来自目前高度濒危的北大西洋露脊鲸(Eubalaena glacialis)种群。有限的历史资料似乎表明,在公元11世纪之前,捕鲸是由盎格鲁-撒克逊人或英吉利海峡对岸的诺曼人进行的。然而,获取鲸骨的主要方法是通过机会主义的拾荒和交易。
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引用次数: 1
Die Karolingerzeit in Pannonien 巴伦尼亚逃脱了
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204736
H. Herold
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引用次数: 0
The Human Remains from Early Medieval Domburg (Netherlands) and Other Coastal Communities in International Perspective: Towards an International Research Agenda for the Cemeteries of the North Sea Emporia 国际视野中中世纪早期荷兰东堡和其他沿海社区的人类遗骸:北海帝国墓地的国际研究议程
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204661
Letty ten Harkel, Robert M van Dierendonck, Eleanor C Farber, M. Dee, P. Doeve, H. Hamerow, E. Jansma, P. L. le Roux, R. Panhuysen, Pieterjan Deckers
THIS PAPER ADDRESSES THE QUESTION, who were the people who were buried at the early medieval North Sea emporia? Conclusions about the mercantile character of the North Sea emporia are often based on portable material culture. In recognition of the fact that it is difficult to draw conclusions about the identities of people based on finds assemblages, two pilot projects have been completed that involved bioarchaeological analyses of cemetery populations associated with these sites. The first of these, the Investigating the Dead in Early Medieval Domburg project, undertook multi-disciplinary analyses of the (very small) surviving burial population from the mostly destroyed sites in the Domburg area (Netherlands), combining isotope analysis, radiocarbon dating, biological anthropology, dendrochronology, and provenancing and study of previous use of coffin wood. The second, the Medieval Migrants of the North Sea World project, inventoried available isotopic evidence for human remains from emporia sites in England, the Netherlands and Scandinavia, alongside contextual archaeological information. This paper presents both projects, providing the detailed information from Domburg in its wider, international context, and highlighting the need for a comprehensive research agenda to fill current gaps in our understanding of early medieval emporia populations.
这篇论文解决了一个问题,谁是中世纪早期北海商场的埋葬者?关于北海商场商业性质的结论往往是基于可移植的物质文化。认识到很难根据发现的组合得出关于人们身份的结论,已经完成了两个试点项目,涉及对与这些遗址相关的墓地人口的生物考古分析。其中第一个项目是“调查中世纪早期多姆堡的死者”项目,该项目结合同位素分析、放射性碳年代测定、生物人类学、树木年表以及对棺材木材先前使用的鉴定和研究,对多姆堡地区(荷兰)大部分被毁遗址中幸存的(非常小的)埋葬人口进行了多学科分析。第二个项目是北海世界中世纪移民项目,该项目列出了英国、荷兰和斯堪的纳维亚半岛商场遗址人类遗骸的可用同位素证据,以及相关考古信息。本文介绍了这两个项目,在更广泛的国际背景下提供了来自多姆堡的详细信息,并强调需要一个全面的研究议程来填补我们目前对中世纪早期商场人口理解的空白。
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引用次数: 0
Sepolture, rituali e comunità nei secoli IV–VI d.C. Il cimitero paleocristiano e bizantino di Vaste (Puglia meridionale) 公元四至六世纪的葬礼、仪式和社区。
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204749
Tim Penn
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引用次数: 0
The Rural World in the Sixteenth Century. Exploring the Archaeology of Innovation in Europe 十六世纪的乡村世界。欧洲创新考古学探索
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204765
A. Pluskowski
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引用次数: 0
A Viking Century. Chernihiv Area from 900 to 1000 AD 维京世纪。公元900年至1000年的切尔尼赫夫地区
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204751
Florin Curta
ous criticism. Ultimately, the book is a useful summary of current and past ideas, and it argues an interesting and largely plausible case for one particular theory. But it is far from being exhaustive or entirely objective, nor will it be the last word on the matter. As Steinforth himself acknowledges: ‘it is neither the purpose nor the intention of this book’ to present ‘indisputable facts regarding the interpretation of the imagery of Kirk Andreas MM 128’. In the case of Thorvald’s Cross, facts indeed remain in short supply.
我们的批评。最后,这本书对当前和过去的观点进行了有益的总结,并为一个特定的理论提出了一个有趣的、在很大程度上似乎合理的案例。但它远非详尽或完全客观,也不会是对这个问题的最后定论。正如斯坦福斯自己承认的那样:“这本书的目的和意图都不是”呈现“关于柯克·安德烈亚斯MM 128的图像解释的无可争议的事实”。在桑瓦尔德十字架的案例中,事实确实仍然缺乏。
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引用次数: 1
Ancient Arms Race. Antiquity’s Largest Fortresses and Sasanian Military Networks of Northern Iran 古代军备竞赛。古代最大的堡垒和伊朗北部的萨珊王朝军事网络
IF 0.6 3区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00766097.2023.2204730
Simon James
Ancient Arms Race. Antiquity’s Largest Fortresses and Sasanian Military Networks of Northern Iran. (The British Institute of Persian Studies Archaeological Monographs Series VII, Volumes I and II). By Eberhard W Sauer, Jebrael Nokandeh & Hamid Omrani Rekavandi. 22 30 cm. 2 volumes: xviii þ 880 pp, 743 colour and b&w figs, 164 tables. Oxford & Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 2022. ISBN 978-1-78925-462-4; epub: 978-1-78925-463-1. Price: £90.00 hb.
古代军备竞赛。古代最大的堡垒和伊朗北部的萨珊王朝军事网络。(英国波斯研究所考古专著系列七,第一卷和第二卷),Eberhard W Sauer, Jebrael Nokandeh和Hamid Omrani Rekavandi著,22 30厘米。2卷:xviii - 880页,743张彩色和黑白图,164张表格。牛津和费城:Oxbow Books, 2022。ISBN 978-1-78925-462-4;epub: 978-1-78925-463-1。价格:每磅90英镑。
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Medieval Archaeology
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