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THERAPEUTIC COPING WITH ADHD AMONG CHILDREN FROM THE ARAB ISRAELI SECTOR WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE THERAPIST-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP. 治疗性应对来自阿拉伯以色列地区的儿童多动症,重点是治疗师与患者的关系。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-10-01
Emad Gith

Over the past two decades, the Arab Israeli society's awareness to the need to treat children suffering from Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been rising. The State of Israel provides educational and psychological services in almost every Arab-Israeli town, allowing for identification, diagnosis and treatment. However, misleading prejudice stemming from lack of basic knowledge poses difficulties when offering appropriate therapy. The present paper aims to demonstrate the implications of such unawareness and stigmas, as well as to present the dilemmas and flaws in the professional relationship required between those involved in rendering appropriate care. It concludes that a multi-system therapeutic approach must be adopted by the Arab Israeli society, with emphasis placed on the therapist-patient relationship and the ability to take into consideration the individual needs of each case.

在过去二十年中,阿拉伯以色列社会对治疗患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的儿童的必要性的认识不断提高。以色列国几乎在每一个阿拉伯-以色列城镇提供教育和心理服务,以便进行鉴定、诊断和治疗。然而,由于缺乏基本知识而产生的误导性偏见给提供适当的治疗带来了困难。本论文的目的是展示这种无意识和耻辱的含义,以及在那些参与提供适当护理的专业关系中提出的困境和缺陷。结论是,阿拉伯以色列社会必须采用多系统治疗方法,重点放在治疗师与患者的关系上,并考虑到每个病例的个人需求。
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引用次数: 0
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, MORAL, ETHICS, BIO-ETHICS AND WHAT IS IN BETWEEN. 情商、道德、伦理、生命伦理以及介于两者之间的东西。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-10-01
Daniella Keidar, Arie Yagoda

In recent years, the study of emotions has broadened its scope and established its standing as a new scientific discipline. Humanity has become increasingly conscious of the seminal role played by the emotional components in both intrapersonal and interpersonal behavior. A deeply rooted and inherent correlation exists between emotional intelligence (E.I. - Emotional Intelligence) and positive social results: social adaptation, quality social relationships, the capacity for healthy social behaviors, caring, altruism, empathy, enlightened communication and the efficacy and personal coherence essential to moral and ethical behavior, including its manifestation in the sphere of bio-ethics. The importance of the personal relationship between the doctor and the patient is especially fundamental in the current era of immense and accelerated scientific-technological development, forcing doctors to cope with an increasingly complicated technical environment. Precisely because of this reality, it is essential that a doctor's actions and interpersonal relationship with the patient proceed from an ethical base, grounded in both professional and emotional responsibility. Emotional responsibility is one of the central elements underlying bioethical conduct and is the element that provides the guideposts for the treatment of others. The symbiotic connection between emotional intelligence and the sphere of ethics and morals is what delineates human beings. Human beings, by definition and in essence, bear responsibility for their actions. The beginning of ethics is in the human being's consciousness of choice in relation to self and to others. An individual's choices integrate emotion and cognition. That ability to integrate alongside the capacity for choice enables the human race to act in accordance with ethical and moral codes. At work, on a daily basis, a doctor is positioned opposite to the physical, emotional, cognitive and ethical entirety of the patient. Beyond the doctor's technical ability to heal, there also exists his capacity to create within the patient the desire to heal.

近年来,情绪研究的范围不断扩大,并确立了其作为一门新兴学科的地位。人类已经越来越意识到情感成分在人际和人际行为中所起的重要作用。情绪智力与积极的社会结果之间存在着根深蒂固的内在联系:社会适应、高质量的社会关系、健康社会行为的能力、关怀、利他主义、同理心、开明的沟通以及道德和伦理行为所必需的效能和个人一致性,包括其在生命伦理领域的表现。在当今科技飞速发展的时代,医患之间的人际关系显得尤为重要,迫使医生应对日益复杂的技术环境。正是由于这一现实,医生的行为和与病人的人际关系必须从道德基础出发,以专业和情感责任为基础。情感责任是生物伦理行为的核心要素之一,是为对待他人提供指导的要素。情商与伦理道德领域之间的共生关系是人类的写照。从定义和本质上讲,人类对自己的行为负有责任。伦理学的起源在于人类对自我和他人的选择意识。个体的选择综合了情感和认知。这种整合的能力和选择的能力使人类能够按照伦理和道德准则行事。在日常工作中,医生的位置与病人的身体、情感、认知和道德整体相对立。除了医生治疗的技术能力之外,他还有能力在病人心中创造治愈的愿望。
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引用次数: 0
THE ROLE OF THE ISRAELI COURTS IN FORMULATING THE PHYSICIAN-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP. 以色列法院在制定医患关系中的作用。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-10-01
Limor Malul

The nature of physician-patient relationships has been documented in the ancient Greek and Roman, as well as in that of the Middle Ages and modern times' literature. Far back as in Hippocrates' writings, ethical dilemmas including those concerning patient-physician relationships, patient consent to treatment and end of life issues have been raised and discussed. Over time, changes have occurred in the dynamic between the diverse values that are taken into consideration when defining the therapeutic milieu. The nature of this dyad has have moved from a paternalistic framework empowering the physician and emphasizing the patient's wellbeing, to a relational framework that empowers the patient and is focused on his desires and rights. The pendulum of the physician-patient relationship is continually adjusted, in each era, in accordance with contemporary social values and by norms that have been shaped by judicial tribunals and legislation. Viewing the issue of physician-patient relationship as an ethical dilemma deeply rooted within social-cultural contexts demands the formulation of a theoretical framework incorporating the relevant ethical principles and a system of implementation that constitutes a declaration of intention concerning the values we thereby wish to protect. The current state of affairs in which legal and legislative arrangements prefer patient autonomy above other significant social values, could provide the foundation for a more stable, appropriate and fruitful physician-patient relationship. This article wishes to critically examine the questions of whether and, in what ways, the law influences the character of the physician-patient relationship and the implications of such influence for medical policy and practice. In light of the lack of consistency of rulings in this domain, the necessity of adopting ethical guidelines through legislation and need for the legal system to constructively and systematically balance the diverse ethical approaches regarding the physician-patient relationship, becomes clear.

医患关系的本质在古希腊和古罗马,以及中世纪和现代文学中都有记载。早在希波克拉底的著作中,包括医患关系、患者对治疗的同意和生命终结问题在内的伦理困境就被提出和讨论过。随着时间的推移,在定义治疗环境时所考虑的不同值之间的动态变化已经发生。这种二元关系的本质已经从一种家长式的框架,赋予医生权力,强调病人的幸福,转变为一种关系框架,赋予病人权力,关注他的愿望和权利。医患关系的钟摆在每个时代都在不断调整,以符合当代社会价值观和由司法法庭和立法形成的规范。将医患关系问题视为深深植根于社会文化背景中的伦理困境,需要制定一个包含相关伦理原则和实施系统的理论框架,从而构成我们希望保护的价值观的意图宣言。目前的状况是,法律和立法安排将患者自主权置于其他重要的社会价值之上,这可以为更稳定、适当和富有成效的医患关系提供基础。本文希望批判性地考察法律是否以及以何种方式影响医患关系的特征,以及这种影响对医疗政策和实践的影响。鉴于这一领域的裁决缺乏一致性,通过立法采用道德准则的必要性以及法律体系建设性和系统地平衡医患关系中各种道德方法的必要性变得清晰起来。
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引用次数: 0
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION AS AN IMPORTANT SKILL FOR QUALITY CARE IN ELDERLY PATIENTS. 有效的沟通是老年患者优质护理的重要技能。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-10-01
Dorit Rubinstein

The increase in the number of older people in the world emphasizes the need to reevaluate and change health care policy and care services priorities. The provision of health care for this growing population has consequently become an important worldwide concern. The purpose of this article is to highlight the challenges stemming from the growing number of elderly people and their need for care. Collaborative and coordinated health care services for elderly people should be focused on the ethical issues deriving from the interpersonal relationships between the professional caregiver and the older person. Any discussion on ethics and aging should be focused on the roles of autonomy, informed consent, respect, advance directive, end of life decisions and privacy. In addition, such a discussion should stress the important role of effective communication and its effect on the older person's adherence with the recommended treatment. The desired consequence should be the empowerment of positive and successful experiences attained by the recipients of the health care services.

世界上老年人数量的增加强调需要重新评估和改变保健政策和护理服务的优先事项。因此,为这一不断增长的人口提供保健已成为全世界关注的一个重要问题。这篇文章的目的是强调日益增长的老年人数量和他们对护理的需求所带来的挑战。老年人的协作和协调保健服务应侧重于专业照顾者与老年人之间的人际关系所产生的伦理问题。任何关于伦理和老龄化的讨论都应该集中在自主性、知情同意、尊重、预先指示、生命终结决定和隐私的作用上。此外,这种讨论应强调有效沟通的重要作用及其对老年人坚持推荐治疗的影响。预期的结果应该是使保健服务的接受者获得积极和成功的经验。
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引用次数: 0
THE WHO DEFINITION OF HEALTH: A CRITICAL READING. 世界卫生组织对健康的定义:批判性解读。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-07-01
Marianna Nobile

The purpose of this article is to clarify the meaning of health, starting from the analysis of the definition of health stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948, highlighting its strengths and its critical aspects. The considerations on the opportunity to revise the definition of health, adapting it to the changed conditions of the world population, gave rise to a proposal for a new definition focused on the ability to adapt and self-manage in face of social, physical, and emotional challenges. Even though we recognize that adaptation and self-management are important qualities, we have to question the extrinsic conditions to which health is subordinate. Thus, if we evaluate this definition as suitable, we must clarify how health is necessarily linked to socio-economic and environmental policies, paying attention to the procedure to be followed in order to pass from what ought to be to what is.

本文的目的是澄清健康的含义,从分析1948年世界卫生组织(卫生组织)对健康的定义开始,突出其优势及其关键方面。考虑到有机会修订健康的定义,使其适应世界人口条件的变化,提出了一项新的定义建议,侧重于面对社会、身体和情感挑战时适应和自我管理的能力。尽管我们认识到适应和自我管理是重要的品质,但我们必须质疑健康从属于哪些外在条件。因此,如果我们评价这一定义是否合适,我们就必须澄清健康如何必然地与社会经济和环境政策联系起来,注意为从应该是什么过渡到现在是什么而应遵循的程序。
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引用次数: 0
MKHITAR GOSH'S MEDIEVAL LAW CODE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ARMENIAN COMMUNITIES ABROAD. Mkhitar gosh的中世纪法典及其对国外亚美尼亚社区的影响。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-07-01
Susanna Davtyan, Mikayel Khachatryan, Ara Johrian, Karen Ghazaryan

The Law Book of the medieval Armenian legal and economic thought is an exceptional work that encompasses valuable information of the Armenian nation's domestic life. Mkhitar Gosh was considered to be one of the most outstanding figures and lawyers (lawmakers) of all times. Armenian Law Code after Mkhitar Gosh is writhed at 12 century. One of the primary sources for the law code was Armenian customary law. This Code became moral code for guiding for hall Armenians over the world because of high moral spirit reflecting Armenian mentality. This article presents the brief history of extension of legal rules setting out in the Law Code. The Law Code was established and widely used not only in Armenia but also in a number of Armenian communities abroad (Russian, Poland, Georgia, Latvia, India etc.). Law Code was accepted by all Armenians. Moreover, it served for the development of legislation for a number of civilized European and Asian countries.

中世纪亚美尼亚法律和经济思想的法律书是一个特殊的工作,包括亚美尼亚民族的家庭生活的宝贵信息。Mkhitar Gosh被认为是有史以来最杰出的人物和律师(立法者)之一。Mkhitar Gosh之后的亚美尼亚法典编写于12世纪。法典的主要来源之一是亚美尼亚习惯法。该法典因其高尚的道德精神反映了亚美尼亚人的心态,成为指导世界各地亚美尼亚人的道德准则。本文介绍了《法典》中规定的法律规则扩展的简史。《法典》不仅在亚美尼亚,而且在国外的一些亚美尼亚社区(俄罗斯、波兰、格鲁吉亚、拉脱维亚、印度等)制定并广泛使用。所有亚美尼亚人都接受了《法典》。此外,它还为欧洲和亚洲一些文明国家的立法发展提供了服务。
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引用次数: 0
ANNOTATION TAKEN, IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF CRIMINAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, AS WELL AS IN CRIMINOLOGY, TO THE DECISION OF THE PORTUGUESE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT, OF JANUARY 13, 2011--WITH RESPECT TO THE PROBLEMS OF "CONSENT" AND "MEDICAL ACT". 从刑法和宪法以及犯罪学的角度,对葡萄牙宪法法院2011年1月13日关于"同意"和"医疗行为"问题的裁决作出注释。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-07-01
Gonçalo S de Melo Bandeira

1--Summary of the decision taken by the Portuguese Constitutional Court, of January 13, 2011; 2--Complete text of the decision of the Portuguese Constitutional Court, of January 13, 2011, Judge Maria João ANTUNES (Reporter), Judge Carlos Pamplona de OLIVEIRA, Judge José Borges SOEIRO, Judge Gil GALVÃO, Judge Rui Manuel Moura RAMOS (President)--in terms of the appositive declaration to the sentence n. 487/2010: t.c.http://www. tribunalconstitucional.pt, August 1, 2011; 3--Brief annotation to the problem of the "medical act"; 3.1--Plus some conclusions on the brief annotation to the problem of the "medical act"; 3.2--Brief annotation to the problem of "consent"--continuation of the previous comments; 4--Conclusions. It must never be forgotten that "consent" does not stand as the only cause of exclusion of unlawfulness.

1-葡萄牙宪法法院于2011年1月13日作出的决定摘要;2——葡萄牙宪法法院2011年1月13日Maria jo o ANTUNES法官(记者)、Carlos Pamplona de OLIVEIRA法官、josessere Borges SOEIRO法官、Gil法官GALVÃO、Rui Manuel Moura RAMOS法官(庭长)关于第487/2010号判决的赞成声明的决定全文:http://www。宪法法庭,2011年8月1日;3——对“医疗行为”问题的简要注解;3.1——对“医疗行为”问题的简要注释加上一些结论;3.2——对“同意”问题的简要注释——延续前面的评论;4——结论。绝不能忘记,“同意”不是排除非法行为的唯一原因。
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引用次数: 0
THE DUTY TO PERFORM A PATIENT RECALL. 执行病人召回的职责。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-07-01
Dimitri Verhoeven

In this article the so-called patient recall duty is discussed. More specifically, it has been determined if and when a physician should inform his former patients about newly discovered side effects relating to previously executed treatments. Although such an obligation may be surprising there are, in my view, sufficient arguments to justify the duty to perform a patient recall in some cases. The potential objections to the imposition of this duty do not alter my opinion. However, it is by no means the intention to impose on the physician a general post information obligation. In my opinion, two fundamental criteria should be taken into account in order to assess when the physician is obliged to carry out a patient recall, namely: the severity of the potential harm, and the foreseeability of the potential harm. This can be derived from similar existing criteria in other areas in which a recall obligation exists and from the case law concerning patient recall.

本文讨论了所谓的病人召回责任。更具体地说,已经确定了医生是否以及何时应该告知他以前的病人与以前执行的治疗有关的新发现的副作用。尽管这样的义务可能令人惊讶,但在我看来,在某些情况下,有足够的理由证明执行病人召回的义务是正当的。对征收这项关税的潜在反对意见并没有改变我的意见。然而,这绝不是意图强加给医生一般的岗位信息义务。在我看来,为了评估医生何时有义务进行患者召回,应该考虑两个基本标准,即:潜在危害的严重程度,以及潜在危害的可预测性。这可以从存在召回义务的其他领域的类似现有标准和有关患者召回的判例法中得出。
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引用次数: 0
IS IT TIME TO TEACH MEDICAL ETHICS TO EMT'S? AN ISRAELI CASE STUDY. 是时候教急诊医生医学伦理了吗?以色列的案例研究。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-07-01
Zohar Lederman

In 2012, the Israeli actor and director Doron Nesher had a stroke and his family called the Israeli Emergency Service to take him to the hospital. On arrival, the medical crew encountered resistance by the patient who refused to receive treatment and to be accompanied to the hospital. After all of the crew's persuasion attempts that lasted about two hours failed, the crew left the scene without the patient, against his tearing wife's repeated requests. Hours later, the family, with the help of neighbors, took Mr. Nesher to the hospital in a private car, rolled up in a carpet. In this paper, I claim that the medical crew made an ethical error by not forcing the patient to go to the hospital. However, I do not blame the crew itself, but rather point my finger towards two institutional culprits: the Israeli Emergency Medical Service and the Israeli medical ethics education of paramedics and emergency medical technicians. I recommend that we start teaching medical ethics to paramedical professions.

2012年,以色列演员兼导演多伦·内舍(Doron Nesher)中风,他的家人打电话给以色列急救中心(Israeli Emergency Service),将他送往医院。医务人员到达后,遇到了病人的抵抗,他拒绝接受治疗并拒绝陪同前往医院。在持续了两个多小时的劝说失败后,工作人员不顾病人流泪的妻子的一再要求,丢下病人离开了现场。几小时后,家人在邻居的帮助下,用一辆私家车把内舍送到了医院。在本文中,我认为医务人员没有强迫病人去医院是一个道德错误。然而,我并不责怪机组人员本身,而是把我的矛头指向两个制度上的罪魁祸首:以色列紧急医疗服务和以色列对护理人员和紧急医疗技术人员的医疗道德教育。我建议我们开始向医疗辅助人员教授医学伦理学。
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引用次数: 0
HANNIBAL REVISITED: ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER VERSUS PSYCHOPATHY--MEDICO-LEGAL PERSPECTIVES FROM SOUTH AFRICA. 汉尼拔重访:反社会人格障碍与精神病——来自南非的医学-法律观点。
IF 0.2 Q4 LAW Pub Date : 2014-07-01
Philip Stevens

Psychopathy and its relation to criminal behaviour has been the focus of clinical research for many years. Within the context of South African criminal law, the impact of psychopathy on criminal liability has been addressed in numerous decisions with varying outcomes all indicative of the reality that psychopathy will at most serve as a factor in mitigation of sentence, but will not exonerate an accused of criminal responsibility. In this contribution, the author reflects on the diagnostic entities of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder against the backdrop of South African criminal law cases in terms of which either of these entities were raised in support of mitigation of sentence and/or as extenuating circumstances.

精神病及其与犯罪行为的关系多年来一直是临床研究的焦点。在南非刑法的范围内,精神病对刑事责任的影响已在许多决定中得到处理,其结果各不相同,所有这些决定都表明,精神病最多只能作为减刑的一个因素,但不会免除被告的刑事责任。在这篇文章中,提交人在南非刑法案件的背景下,对精神病和反社会人格障碍的诊断实体进行了思考,在这些案件中,提出这两种实体中的任何一种都是为了支持减刑和/或作为减刑情节。
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引用次数: 0
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MEDICINE AND LAW
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