Zeitschrift Fur Kinder-Und Jugendpsychiatrie Und Psychotherapie最新文献

Intelligence Assessment in Refugees: Consequences of an IQ Test for an Adolescent from Egypt Abstract: Assessing the general intelligence of refugees poses a great challenge. Common intelligence tests developed according to Western concepts are not culture-fair, even when presented nonverbally. Thus, refugees often perform below average on such tests, which does not correspond to the clinical impression. This case report shows that the uncritical interpretation of such test results can lead to significant consequences regarding schooling and housing. Intelligence tests should, therefore, only be carried out for refugees if indicated. When interpreting the results, one must consider the lack of cultural sensitivity and view the determined IQ values as minimum values. Instead of establishing a status diagnosis, one should conduct a process diagnosis that includes an intelligence test, case history, and coping skills. In the future, performance tests should be developed that, with technical support, can be presented in a culturally sensitive way and have norm samples for different ethnic groups and cultures.

The Prevalence of Mental Disorders Among Care Leavers Abstract: Objective: Formerly out-of-home placed young adults (i. e., care leavers) were exposed to a variety of cumulative psychosocial stress factors during their childhood. However, the knowledge about the prevalence of mental disorders among care leavers in German-speaking countries is scarce. This article addresses the prevalence of mental disorders among care leavers and discusses the implications for care systems. Method: Mental disorders, including personality disorders, were assessed using structured clinical interviews among 175 Swiss care leavers (mean age = 26.53 years, 32.00 % women). Descriptive information was presented as absolute and relative frequencies, and correlations and group comparisons were calculated using t-tests and χ²-tests. Results: 58.29 % of participants met the diagnostic criteria for at least one mental disorder, with substance use disorders (37.71 %), personality disorders (35.43 %), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (19.43 %) being the most common diagnoses. In comparison, women were more likely to have anxiety disorders and Cluster C personality disorders, while men were more likely to have alcohol use disorders. Conclusions: Our results indicate that approximately half of the Swiss care leavers meet the criteria for the diagnosis of at least one mental disorder in young adulthood. Young adulthood thus represents a sensitive phase for care leavers regarding mental disorders - similar to their peers in the general population. This poses a challenge for residential care institutions and psychiatric care systems to design and further expand preventive services for care leavers with high mental health burdens throughout the transition to adulthood.

Parental Distress of Patients Who Refuse to Eat: Toward a Deeper Understanding and Greater Support for Parents of Children Suffering from an Eating Disorder Abstract: Many parents experience their role as parents of a daughter/son with anorexia nervosa as very troublesome and demanding. In several departments of child and adolescen psychiatry in Germany, the contact between parents and adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa is still restricted because parents are often judged responsible for the eating disorder of their child - or at least seen as troublemakers during their child's inpatient treatment. Parents blame themselves for the development of anorexia nervosa, and in comparison to other mental disorders of adolescence, they experience even more guilt and shame. Many of them suffer from psychiatric disorders themselves (not a few from eating disorders), which reinforce feelings of helplessness and shame. Several parents have partnership problems and must take off work to support their child, which often leads to financial losses for the whole family. They complain that they have insufficient support and feel misunderstood by health professionals whom they wish to have a profound knowledge of the disorder and who would trust and understand the carers. This article provides several recommendations to improve the relationship between parents and therapists: termination of contact restrictions, detailed information for the parents about possible biological and psychological causes of eating disorders, including psychoeducational groups and involvement in treatment, not only through therapeutic conversations but also through practical exercises such as meal support. An innovative approach is home treatment, which offers the chance to integrate parents into treatment and thus improve their skills in handling their daughter´s/son´s illness. We should be aware that parents are the most important resource to help young patients with debilitating eating disorders.

Participation in a Hospital for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy: What are the Connections Between the Participatory Attitude of Employees and their Personality Factors? Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated a great desire for participation among underage patients. The implementation of participative elements in child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy is influenced by the staff's attitude. The present study investigated the attitude toward the participation of the clinical staff working in a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital department via a questionnaire survey and assessed personality traits that may potentially affect their attitude toward participation. All respondents (N = 54) indicated a positive attitude toward participation, independent of the participants' age and professional background. Participants scoring higher on the personality trait "agreeableness" considered "trust" a more important factor of participation. More research is needed to identify factors that hinder and promote participation in child and adolescent psychiatric treatment and to implement participation in clinical practice.

Developing Knowledge Together: Participatory Methods in Psychological and Neuroscientific Research with Children and Adolescents Abstract: Participatory action research understands the implementation of research as a cooperation or coproduction of researchers with nonscientific individuals. However, the general knowledge about the participatory approach as well as participatory methods and their implementation is still limited. Especially the active involvement and empowerment of children and adolescents require special measures and a creative and flexible application of various methods. In addition, the use of participatory methods in neurodevelopmental research first demands prior explanation of complex techniques to successfully implement the cooperation and coproduction between researchers and children and adolescents. In this contribution, we emphasize the relevance of the participatory approach for scientific work, present different methods that allow an introduction of complex techniques in neurodevelopmental research, and illustrate how to systematically apply this approach to research in children and adolescents.

Recommendations for the Medical Treatment of ADHD in Comorbid, Substance-Related Disorders: Statement of the Joint Addiction Commission of the German Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Society and Associations Abstract: Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD) often occur together in adolescents. The available guidelines give the group of children and adolescents with ADHD and comorbid SUD little consideration. Method: The Joint Addiction Commission of the German Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Society and Associations has drawn up a statement with treatment recommendations intended to provide orientation as a best-practice approach. Results: Early treatment with stimulants in adolescents with ADHD and SUD may.

Employing Emotional Virtual Characters for Teaching in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Abstract: Communication and interaction are central to teaching child and adolescent psychiatry, with practical exercises often needing more access to actual patients or actors. Virtual reality (VR) offers an innovative solution by enabling simulation-based learning. With the help of computer-generated, interactive characters, students can practice repeatedly and in a standardized way how to conduct a medical interview and acquire communication skills. Initial tests with students show a high level of acceptance and believability despite the need for optimization of the voice input and the student's desire to use such new technology in teaching in the future. The next step will be to evaluate the benefits of the VR application regarding learning success and the influence of the teaching method on motivation and enjoyment of learning.