Zeitschrift Fur Kinder-Und Jugendpsychiatrie Und Psychotherapie最新文献

Objective: A paucity of research exists on the subject of positive child relationship behavior toward parents, particularly in children with mental disorders. Method: We invited the mothers of children 3 to 7 years with mental disorders according to the ICD-10 to complete questionnaires on positive child relationship behavior, child behavior problems, maternal psychopathology, dysfunctional parenting, and maternal sense of competence. Results: 71 children (56 boys and 15 girls, mean age = 64.07 [SD = 11.75] months with their mothers (mean age = 33.94 [SD = 6.49] years) participated in this pilot study. Children with primarily internalizing disorders did not differ from the general population regarding the frequency of positive relationship-relevant behavior toward their mothers. Conversely, children with externalizing disorders and those with a residual diagnosis exhibited significantly lower frequencies of positive behavior toward their mothers. Dysfunctional parenting behavior and maternal psychopathology did not correlate with the frequency of children's positive relationship behavior toward their mothers. However, maternal sense of competence correlated significantly positively with positive child relationship behavior. Conclusions: It is imperative to systematically assess positive child relationship behavior as perceived by their parents to obtain a more comprehensive perspective on the child.

The Potential Iatrogenic Effects of Interview, Experimental, and Prevention Studies of Self-Injurious Behavior in Children and Adolescents: A Literature Review Abstract: Suicidal thoughts and behavior and nonsuicidal self-injury have a high prevalence rate in adolescence and young adulthood. Nevertheless, there are numerous research gaps, some of which are associated with concerns that assessing suicidality and conducting studies with suicidality/nonsuicidal self-injury stimuli could lead to iatrogenic effects. This literature review provides an overview of survey, prevention, and experimental studies that have investigated the question of the potential iatrogenic effects of studies of suicidality and self-injury in adolescents and young adults. For this review, we considered 21 studies. In summary, the vast majority of studies found no evidence of iatrogenic effects such as more suicidal thoughts, self-injurious behavior, or severe psychological stress as a result of study participation. The results indicate to decision-makers that current guidelines should enable and promote the ethical conduct of studies with sensitive content, such as suicidality and self-injury. The central relevance of increased scientific studies is twofold: first, in terms of the increase in knowledge and, second, in terms of the sustainable improvement of care.

The Safety Plan as a (Supplementary) Brief Intervention for Adolescents with Suicidal Behavior Abstract: The forthcoming German S3 guideline on managing suicidal behavior recommends the implementation of a safety plan for suicidal behavior in adolescents. To be effectively used in a future suicidal crisis, this safety plan should be completed together with the adolescent. This self-efficacy increasing plan includes, among other things, the identification of (early) warning signs of an impending suicidal crisis, a step-by-step list of individualized coping strategies, and - if these fail - specific contact information for supportive individuals, professional help resources, and the emergency number of the department for child and adolescent psychiatry. Originally developed for adults by Stanley and Brown, the safety plan has since been modified, expanded, and supplemented with youth-specific aspects (e. g., involvement of parents). After a brief overview of the evidence, this article describes the safety plan intervention in detail. We made a master version for adaptation and personal use, including detailed instructions, available online. First feedback from adolescents following the implementation of the safety plan has been positive, and the intervention is well-received. Therapists using the safety plan also find it helpful in treating suicidal behavior in adolescents. Future scientific studies will show whether this therapy component can reduce suicidal behavior in different subgroups.

Intelligence Assessment in Refugees: Consequences of an IQ Test for an Adolescent from Egypt Abstract: Assessing the general intelligence of refugees poses a great challenge. Common intelligence tests developed according to Western concepts are not culture-fair, even when presented nonverbally. Thus, refugees often perform below average on such tests, which does not correspond to the clinical impression. This case report shows that the uncritical interpretation of such test results can lead to significant consequences regarding schooling and housing. Intelligence tests should, therefore, only be carried out for refugees if indicated. When interpreting the results, one must consider the lack of cultural sensitivity and view the determined IQ values as minimum values. Instead of establishing a status diagnosis, one should conduct a process diagnosis that includes an intelligence test, case history, and coping skills. In the future, performance tests should be developed that, with technical support, can be presented in a culturally sensitive way and have norm samples for different ethnic groups and cultures.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 6-10 % of children and adolescents worldwide. While psychopharmacological treatments effectively reduce symptoms, incomplete adherence is common, diminishing their effectiveness. This study investigated medication nonadherence and its predictors in children and adolescents with ADHD. Method: The TDM-VIGIL study, a multicenter prospective observational study in Germany, examined drug-related risks of ADHD medication in hyperkinetic disorders and nonadherence. Participants aged 6-18 years with ADHD (ICD-10/DSM-IV) starting stimulants or nonstimulants were assessed for nonadherence using the Medication Assessment Questionnaire (MAQ) at multiple time points. Patients were classified as fully or not fully adherent, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors. Results: Among 198 participants (mean age = 10.4 years), 66.1 %-75.4 % were fully adherent across time points. Higher age and lower intelligence were significantly associated with nonadherence, while sex, disease severity, adverse events, treatment setting (outpatient, day clinic, inpatient), medication class (stimulant, nonstimulant), and treatment strategy (mono- versus polypharmacy) were not. Conclusions: Medication nonadherence is common in youth with ADHD, with higher age and lower intelligence representing relevant risk factors. Clinicians should consistently monitor adherence and address individual barriers.