Annals of Agricultural Science最新文献

Spectral regions informative for polyphenols and flavonoid content in spinach. Open field reflectance investigation through linear regression and machine learning 菠菜中多酚和类黄酮含量的光谱区域信息。通过线性回归和机器学习的开放场反射率研究

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100400

Walter Polilli , Fabio Stagnari , Carla di Mattia , Federica Flamminii , Gabriele Campanelli , Cristiano Platani , Angelica Galieni

Reflectance spectroscopy in the visible to near-infrared range (vis-NIR) offers a non-destructive method to assess the biochemical quality of leafy vegetables. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of vis-NIR spectroscopy to predict total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves, and to identify robust spectral quality indicators at the leaf level. Two spinach cultivars were grown under open-field conditions across two growing seasons (2020/2021 and 2021/2022), with six nitrogen fertilization levels (0–250 kg N ha⁻¹). Spectral signatures were collected at the leaf level and matched with laboratory measurements of TPC, TFC, and dry matter content (DM). Partial least squares regression (PLSR) showed limited performance in predicting TPC on a fresh weight basis (TPC_FW: R² = 0.47; RMSEσ = 0.72), while it achieved better results for TFC_FW (R² = 0.68; RMSEσ = 0.55) and DM (R² = 0.63; RMSEσ = 0.61). The random forest (RF) algorithm showed moderate performance for TFC_FW (R² = 0.58; RMSEσ = 0.65) and DM (R² = 0.60; RMSEσ = 0.65) but was ineffective for TPC_FW. Key wavelengths selected by both models showed overlapping regions related to chemical absorption features, revealing partial spectral redundancy between traits. However, the influence of DM on analyte prediction was limited. This work demonstrates the feasibility of developing rapid, leaf-level spectral proxies for nutraceutical traits in fresh spinach, offering a step toward in-field quality monitoring for leafy vegetables.

在可见到近红外范围内的反射光谱（vis-NIR）提供了一种非破坏性的方法来评估叶菜的生化品质。在本研究中，我们旨在评估可见光-近红外光谱预测菠菜（Spinacia oleracea L.）叶片中总多酚（TPC）和总黄酮（TFC）含量的潜力，并在叶片水平上确定可靠的光谱质量指标。两个菠菜品种在两个生长季节（2020/2021和2021/2022）的露天条件下种植，施氮水平为6个（0-250 kg N ha - 1）。在叶片水平收集光谱特征，并与实验室测量的TPC、TFC和干物质含量（DM）相匹配。偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）对TPC的预测效果有限（TPC_FW: R2 = 0.47, RMSEσ = 0.72），而对TFC_FW （R2 = 0.68, RMSEσ = 0.55）和DM （R2 = 0.63, RMSEσ = 0.61）的预测效果较好。随机森林（RF）算法对TFC_FW （R2 = 0.58; RMSEσ = 0.65）和DM （R2 = 0.60; RMSEσ = 0.65）表现出中等的性能，但对TPC_FW无效。两个模型选择的关键波长显示了与化学吸收特征相关的重叠区域，揭示了特征之间的部分光谱冗余。然而，DM对分析物预测的影响有限。这项工作证明了开发新鲜菠菜营养营养性状的快速、叶片水平光谱代理的可行性，为叶菜的田间质量监测提供了一步。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrogen rate, density, and plant architecture jointly determine lodging risk in drip fertigated spring maize 施氮量、密度和植株结构共同决定了滴灌春玉米倒伏风险

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100399

Juan Zhai , Bo Ming , Guoqiang Zhang , Yuan-meng Zhang , Yuehong Cao , Ruizhi Xie , Keru Wang , Shaokun Li , Jun Xue , Ling Gou

High-density planting has significantly boosted maize yields in Xinjiang China. However, excessive nitrogen application under such conditions has intensified stem lodging risks, revealing inconsistencies between conventional nitrogen fertilization theories and practical production outcomes. Field experiments were conducted in irrigated maize-growing regions of arid and semi-arid region Xinjiang China using subsurface drip irrigation and staged fertilization. Two maize varieties, DH618 and XY335, were cultivated at planting densities of 7.5 × 10⁴ plants ha⁻¹ and 12.0 × 10⁴ plants ha⁻¹. Nitrogen application levels ranged from 0 to 720 kg ha⁻¹ across nine treatments. Increasing nitrogen application significantly elevated stem breaking rate. The stem breaking rate correlated with key factors such as fracture resistance, plant morphology, puncture strength, and dry weight per unit length. Feature importance analysis using a Random Forest model quantified the contribution of each variable to lodging prediction. The results identified dry matter/stem breaking force (DM/SBF) as the most influential factor, Eight parameters—including dry weight/stalk breaking force, leaf area/stalk breaking force, ear height, ear coefficient, stalk breaking force, plant height, center of gravity height, moment of force—accounted for over 75.7 % of the predictive power of the stem breaking model, underscoring their significance in determining lodging susceptibility. Higher nitrogen input increases ear height, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area, thereby raising the center of gravity and wind-exposed surface area of maize plants. These changes reduce stem breaking resistance under wind stress, increasing lodging risk. While nitrogen application promotes maize growth and yield, its potential negative effects on stem stability warrant careful consideration.

高密度种植极大地提高了中国新疆的玉米产量。然而，在这种条件下过量施氮加剧了茎秆倒伏风险，揭示了传统施氮理论与实际生产结果之间的不一致。在新疆干旱半干旱区玉米灌区进行了地下滴灌和分期施肥的田间试验。分别以7.5 × 104株ha - 1和12.0 × 104株ha - 1的种植密度栽培DH618和XY335两个玉米品种。9个处理的施氮量为0 ~ 720 kg ha - 1。增加施氮量可显著提高茎断率。茎断率与抗断性、植株形态、刺穿强度和单位长度干重等关键因素相关。使用随机森林模型的特征重要性分析量化了每个变量对倒伏预测的贡献。干物质/断茎力（DM/SBF）是影响倒伏敏感性的主要因素，其中干重/断茎力、叶面积/断茎力、穗高、穗系数、断茎力、株高、重心高度、力矩8个参数占断茎模型预测力的75.7%以上，说明了它们对倒伏敏感性的影响。较高的氮输入增加了玉米穗高、干物质积累和叶面积，从而提高了玉米植株的重心和风暴露表面积。这些变化降低了茎秆在风应力下的断裂阻力，增加了倒伏风险。施氮在促进玉米生长和产量的同时，对茎秆稳定性的潜在负面影响值得慎重考虑。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of seed priming on growth, nutrient uptake, and biochemical responses of Astragalus fasciculifolius Boiss under drought stress 干旱胁迫下灌种对黄芪生长、养分吸收及生化反应的影响

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100397

Seyed Masoud Ziaei , Rooholla Moradi , Hossein Sahabi , Mohsen Zaferanieh , Majid Jafari

Astragalus fasciculifolius Boiss (Astragalus) is an important medicinal plant whose growth and development are negatively influenced by drought stress. To examine the potential of seed priming in inducing drought tolerance in A. fasciculifolius, a factorial experiment with four replications was conducted in a completely randomized design within a research greenhouse at Torbat Heydarieh University, Iran, in 2024. The experimental treatments were two drought stress levels (no stress: irrigation at 90 % of field capacity (FC), and drought stress: irrigation at 50 % of FC) and eight seed priming treatments including no priming (control), hydropriming (HP), priming with gibberellin (GA₃), salicylic acid (SA), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), humic acid (HA), and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂-NPs). The results illustrated that drought stress significantly reduced the growth parameters and macro-elements absorption in A. fasciculifolius. However, seed priming with GA₃, ZnSO₄, and HA could moderate the adverse effects of water deficit, leading to significant improvements in plant height, aboveground biomass, and root nutrient uptake (N, P, K). This was associated with increased carotenoid and chlorophyll (Chl) levels. Seed priming with KNO₃ or SA did not significantly differ from the control treatment in terms of growth, physiological and biochemical parameters. The SiO₂-NPs treatment not only failed to induce drought stress tolerance in A. fasciculifolius, but also resulted in significantly lower growth parameters compared to the control. Essentially, the PCA results clearly demonstrated that seed priming with GA₃, ZnSO₄, and HA effectively mitigated the adverse effects of water deficit on A. fasciculifolius production, possibly through enhanced macro-nutrients uptake and increased photosynthetic pigment content.

黄芪（Astragalus fasciculifolius Boiss）是一种重要的药用植物，其生长发育受到干旱胁迫的不利影响。检查潜在诱导耐旱的种子启动a . fasciculifolius有四个复制的析因实验是在一个完全随机设计进行研究温室内Torbat Heydarieh大学,伊朗,2024年。试验处理为2个干旱胁迫水平（无胁迫：按90%田间容量灌溉（FC）和干旱胁迫：按50%田间容量灌溉（FC））和8个灌种处理，包括不灌种（对照）、加氢灌种（HP）、赤霉素（GA3）、水杨酸（SA）、硝酸钾（KNO3）、硫酸锌（ZnSO4）、腐植酸（HA）和二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiO2-NPs）灌种。结果表明，干旱胁迫显著降低了金针叶的生长参数和大量元素的吸收。然而，用GA₃、ZnSO₄和HA灌种可以缓和水分亏缺的不利影响，导致植株高度、地上生物量和根系养分吸收（N， P， K）的显著改善。这与类胡萝卜素和叶绿素（Chl）水平的增加有关。与对照处理相比，用KNO3或SA灌种处理在生长、生理生化参数方面无显著差异。SiO₂-NPs处理不仅不能诱导束草耐干旱胁迫，而且导致其生长参数显著低于对照。从本质上说，PCA结果清楚地表明，GA₃、ZnSO₄和HA灌种有效地减轻了水分亏缺对金针叶生产的不利影响，可能是通过增强宏观营养吸收和增加光合色素含量来实现的。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of rosemary extract and its residues on meat quality, nutritional composition, antioxidant properties and storage performance of goose 迷迭香提取物及其残留物对鹅肉质、营养成分、抗氧化性能和贮藏性能的影响

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100402

Lanmeng Xu , Yuzhi Huang , Qinfeng Liao , Kaijie Peng , Hang He , Kun Wan , Lijing Cao , Jie Zhang

To explore the feasibility of adding rosemary to goose feed, we compared the effects of basal diet (CON), 0.02 % rosemary extract (RE) and 15 % rosemary residue (RR) feed on goose meat quality, nutritional composition, antioxidant capacity and storage performance. Compared with CON, the RR and RE significantly increased levels of muscle glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), essential amino acid (EAA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (P < 0.05), while shear force, crude fat, malondialdehyde, and saturated fatty acid levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Addition-ally, the RR group had lower a* value of muscle, total antioxidant capacity, GSH-Px, EAA and PUFA levels than RE group (P < 0.05). Notably, the total viable count in RE group was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Overall, dietary RE at 0.02 % simultaneously upgrades goose meat quality, nutritional value and storage stability, whereas 15 % RR gives moderate but still favourable changes. Consequently, RE is recommended for high-quality goose production, whereas RR can be utilized as an economical, partial substitute for conventional feed ingredients.

为探讨迷迭香在鹅饲料中添加的可行性，本试验比较了基础饲粮（CON）、0.02%迷迭香提取物（RE）和15%迷迭香渣（RR）饲料对鹅肉品质、营养成分、抗氧化能力和贮藏性能的影响。与CON相比，RR和RE显著提高了肌肉谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、必需氨基酸（EAA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）水平（P < 0.05），显著降低了剪切力、粗脂肪、丙二醛和饱和脂肪酸水平（P < 0.05）。此外，RR组肌肉a*值、总抗氧化能力、GSH-Px、EAA和PUFA水平均低于RE组（P < 0.05）。RE组总活菌数显著降低（P < 0.05）。总体而言，0.02%的日粮稀土能同时提升鹅肉的品质、营养价值和储存稳定性，而15%的日粮稀土能带来适度但仍有利的变化。因此，建议在高品质鹅的生产中使用还原酶，而还原酶可以作为一种经济的、部分替代传统饲料成分。

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引用次数: 0

Correlation and regression analysis of milk quality-related functional genes and milk components in normal milk of Liaoning cashmere goats 辽宁绒山羊正常乳品质相关功能基因与乳成分的相关与回归分析

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100398

Siyi Li , Yining Liu , Yuan Pan , Shuaitong Li, Lingchao Kong, Xiaowei Wang, Qian Li, Qiu Zhang, Qingkun Liu, Yanjun Qiao, Jiamei Liang, Zeying Wang

Goat milk is valued for health benefits like easy digestibility and low allergenicity, with “goaty flavor” as one of its characteristics, yet studies on the milk flavor of Liaoning cashmere goats (LCG) remain scarce. Using milk components as surrogates for flavor, this study preliminarily employed combined flavoromics and transcriptomics to screen functional genes (LPL, FMO3, ACSS2, ACSF3) associated with LCG milk components. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping based on PCR-seq revealed genotype-trait associations: at LPL-C17065T, the CC genotype was superior for milk components milk fat (Fat), crude protein (Cru.Prot) and body size traits, while TT favored cashmere yield; at FMO3-C16170T, CC benefited milk components and body size, and CT was better for cashmere; at ACSF3-C8287T, CC was optimal for milk components and cashmere, and TT favored body size; at ACSS2-G43516A, GA benefited milk components and cashmere, and GG favored body size. Phenotypic analysis showed Total Solids (TS) correlated positively with milk fat and negatively with lactose; milk fat correlated positively with cashmere content and negatively with effective fiber number. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, Multi-Locus Genotype Combination (MLGCs) (e.g., H2H2, H4H6) significantly affected milk components. These findings provide key genetic markers for LCG breeding and a theoretical basis for its genetic improvement.

羊奶具有易消化、低致敏性等保健价值，“羊味”是其特点之一，但目前对辽宁绒山羊（LCG）奶味的研究还很少。本研究以乳成分代替风味，初步采用风味组学和转录组学相结合的方法筛选LCG乳成分相关的功能基因（LPL、FMO3、ACSS2、ACSF3）。基于PCR-seq的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）基因分型揭示了基因型与性状的相关性：在LPL-C17065T， CC基因型在乳成分、乳脂（fat）、粗蛋白（crup . prot）和体型性状上具有优势，而TT基因型在羊绒产量上具有优势；在FMO3-C16170T时，CC对乳成分和体大小有利，CT对羊绒有利；在ACSF3-C8287T， CC对乳成分和羊绒最优，TT对体型最优；在ACSS2-G43516A中，GA有利于牛奶成分和羊绒，而GG有利于体型。表型分析显示，总固形物（TS）与乳脂呈正相关，与乳糖呈负相关；乳脂与羊绒含量正相关，与有效纤维数负相关。修正错误发现率（FDR）后，多位点基因型组合（mlgc）（如H2H2、H4H6）显著影响牛奶成分。这些发现为LCG育种提供了关键遗传标记，并为其遗传改良提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating strip cropping with grass border enhances soil fertility, maize grain, and nutritional yields in Zimbabwean smallholder farming systems 在津巴布韦的小农农业系统中，将带状种植与草边结合可以提高土壤肥力、玉米谷物和营养产量

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100401

Connie Madembo , Frédéric Baudron , Arnold.B. Mashingaidze , Chrispen Murungweni , Courage Bangira , Tarirai Muoni , Christian Thierfelder

Smallholder maize production in sub-Saharan Africa is constrained by soil fertility decline and erratic rainfall, leading to low dietary diversity. A four-season on-farm study (2018/2019–2021/2022) was conducted with six farmers in Murehwa District, Zimbabwe, to evaluate the effects of maize–legume strip cropping on soil nutrient dynamics, crop yield, and total system nutritional yield. The experiment was a 2 × 6 factorial arranged in a split-plot randomized complete block design, comparing sole maize with maize strip-cropped with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Mills), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.), lablab (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC), and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), with and without Brachiaria ssp. (cv. Mulato II (CIAT36087) grass border. Rainfall ranged from 495 to 1053 mm, influencing crop and soil responses. Strip cropping affected soil properties between the 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons, notably pH, exchangeable potassium (K), and soil organic carbon (SOC). Maize + cowpea improved K (+65 %) and pH (+30 %), while maize + groundnut improved SOC (+5 %). Maize grain yield was strongly influenced by season and its interaction with the strip cropping system. Maize + velvet bean yielded 2.4 t ha⁻¹ in 2018/19 and 2020/21, although sole maize produced the highest overall yield (3.2 t ha⁻¹). Maize + pigeonpea consistently produced the highest grain yield among legumes (≈1.0 t ha⁻¹) and total system protein yield (>0.3 t ha⁻¹), while starch yield was highest under sole maize in 2020/21. Overall, maize-legume strip cropping, particularly pigeonpea, cowpea, and groundnut, improved system-level nutrient yield and selected soil properties, demonstrating its potential for climate-resilient smallholder farming.

撒哈拉以南非洲的小农玉米生产受到土壤肥力下降和降雨不稳定的制约，导致饮食多样性低。在津巴布韦Murehwa地区对6名农民进行了一项为期4个季节的田间研究（2018/2019-2021/2022），以评估玉米-豆科作物带状种植对土壤养分动态、作物产量和系统总营养产量的影响。采用裂区随机完全区设计，采用2 × 6因子试验，比较单玉米与带状玉米配鸽豆（Cajanus cajan (L.)）的差异。豇豆（Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.），紫菜（lablab purpureus .）甜)，丝绒豆(Mucuna pruriens （L.）花生（arachhis hypogaea L.），带或不带Brachiaria ssp。(简历。Mulato II （CIAT36087）草边。降雨量在495 - 1053毫米之间，影响作物和土壤的反应。带状种植影响了2020/21和2021/22季土壤性质，特别是pH、交换性钾(K)和土壤有机碳（SOC）。玉米+豇豆能提高钾肥（+ 65%）和pH(+ 30%)，而玉米+花生能提高有机碳（+ 5%）。玉米籽粒产量受季节及其与带状种植制度的相互作用的强烈影响。玉米+绒豆在2018/19和2020/21年度的产量为2.4 t hm2 - 1，尽管单玉米的总产量最高（3.2 t hm2 - 1）。2020/21年度，玉米+鸽豆在豆科作物中籽粒产量（≈1.0 t ha - 1）和总系统蛋白产量（>0.3 t ha - 1）均最高，而淀粉产量在单玉米下最高。总体而言，玉米-豆类带状种植，特别是鸽豆、豇豆和花生，提高了系统层面的养分产量和土壤特性，显示了其在气候适应型小农农业方面的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of Ulva prolifera-derived bio-fermentation extract on cherry radish growth, nutritional quality and soil fertility 增生Ulva生物发酵提取物对樱桃萝卜生长、营养品质和土壤肥力的影响

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100403

Wen Liu , He Li , Xiucheng Shang , Baolin Yuan , Juntian Xu , Peimin He , Sufang Li , Hailong Wu

Seaweed extracts are widely used as biostimulants and biofertilizers to enhance crop growth and yield. The green-tide-forming macroalga Ulva prolifera represents a promising and sustainable source for such extracts, valorizing a potential ecological burden into a high-value agricultural input in line with circular economy principles. This study evaluated the effects of U. prolifera-derived bio-fermentation (UF) extract on cherry radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula) growth, nutritional quality and soil fertility. Plants were treated with UF extract at concentrations of 5 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 %, alongside pure water (negative control) and Hoagland solution (positive control), over 40 days. Growth parameters, nutritional quality, and soil properties were assessed. Results showed that low-concentration (5 % and 10 %) UF extracts significantly improved root development and nutritional quality, with the 10 % concentration yielding the highest root weight (5.1 g plant⁻¹), anthocyanin (4.3 mg g⁻¹ FW), soluble protein (10.1 mg g⁻¹ DW), soluble carbohydrate (23.4 mg g⁻¹ DW), and leaf pigment contents (0.77, 0.27, and 0.16 mg g⁻¹ FW for chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, respectively). Conversely, higher UF concentrations (20 %–30 %) diminished these growth-promoting effects, although they increased root vitamin C content, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P and K) levels, and induced soil acidification. These findings indicate that 10 % UF is optimal for enhancing cherry radish yield and nutritional quality, while highlighting the potential of U. prolifera bio-fermentation extract as a dual-functional plant growth promoter and soil conditioner for sustainable agriculture.

海藻提取物被广泛用作生物刺激剂和生物肥料，以促进作物生长和产量。形成绿潮的巨藻藻（Ulva prolifera）是一种有前途的可持续来源，可以将潜在的生态负担转化为符合循环经济原则的高价值农业投入。本研究评价了增殖乌菌生物发酵提取物对樱桃萝卜（Raphanus sativus var. radicula）生长、营养品质和土壤肥力的影响。用浓度分别为5%、10%、20%和30%的UF提取物，与纯净水（阴性对照）和霍格兰溶液（阳性对照）一起处理植物40天。评估了生长参数、营养品质和土壤性质。结果表明，低浓度（5%和10%）UF提取物显著改善了根系发育和营养品质，其中10%浓度的提取物根重最高（5.1 g g - 1），花青素（4.3 mg g - 1 FW），可溶性蛋白（10.1 mg g - 1 DW），可溶性碳水化合物（23.4 mg g - 1 DW），叶片色素含量（叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素含量分别为0.77、0.27和0.16 mg g - 1 FW）。相反，较高的UF浓度（20% ~ 30%）虽然增加了根系维生素C含量、土壤氮、磷和钾（N、P和K）水平，并引起土壤酸化，但却降低了这些促进生长的作用。上述结果表明，10% UF对提高樱桃萝卜产量和营养品质最优，同时突出了增菌菌生物发酵提取物作为植物生长促进剂和土壤调节剂的双重功能在可持续农业中的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of cytotoxicity and rat dermal irritation screening of microbial pigments for application in sustainable textile manufacturing 可持续纺织用微生物色素的细胞毒性评价及大鼠皮肤刺激性筛选

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100396

Sohila G. El-sayed , Hala B. Khalil , Khaled M.A. Ramadan , Khadiga A.A. Abou-Taleb

The global textile industry consumes over a million tons of synthetic dyes annually, posing environmental and health risks due to their persistence and toxicity. Microbial pigments offer a sustainable alternative. This study evaluated the dermal irritation potential of pigments (blue green, brown, red, yellow, rose, and orange) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Azotobacter chroococcum, Serratia marcescens, Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus roseus, and Micrococcus kristinae in a rat-based screening model adapted from OECD 404 principles but not fully compliant. No irritation was observed under the tested conditions. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the neutral red uptake assay in WI 38 human lung fibroblasts. The orange pigment was non toxic up to 150 mg/mL, while half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values for other pigments ranged from 46.7 to 113.5 mg/mL. Dyeing trials on cotton fabric showed the best performance with the red pigment from S. marcescens. This isolate was taxonomically identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, which was 99.8 % DNA identical to S. marcescens ATCC13880. The prodigiosin pigment of LRe6 was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These findings suggest microbial pigments as promising eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes, though further validated testing is required.

全球纺织工业每年消耗100多万吨合成染料，由于其持久性和毒性，对环境和健康构成风险。微生物色素提供了一种可持续的替代品。本研究在基于大鼠的筛选模型中评估了铜绿假单胞菌、绿球菌、粘质沙雷氏菌、黄体微球菌、玫瑰微球菌和kristinae微球菌产生的色素（蓝绿色、棕色、红色、黄色、玫瑰色和橙色）对皮肤的刺激潜力，该模型改编自OECD 404原则，但并不完全符合。在测试条件下没有观察到刺激。使用中性红色摄取法对wi38人肺成纤维细胞进行细胞毒性评估。橙色色素无毒高达150 mg/mL，而其他色素的半最大抑制浓度（IC₅0）值范围为46.7至113.5 mg/mL。在棉织物上进行染色试验，结果表明，红色素对棉织物的染色效果最好。经16S rRNA基因测序鉴定，该分离物与S. marcesens ATCC13880同源性为99.8%。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱对LRe6的神桐素色素进行了表征。这些发现表明，微生物色素是合成染料的有前途的环保替代品，尽管还需要进一步的验证测试。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing heavy metal bioaccumulation in radish and soil under wastewater and canal water irrigation 废水和渠水灌溉条件下萝卜和土壤重金属生物积累的评价

IF 3.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100388

Zafar Iqbal Khan , Muzna Shahid , Asma Ashfaq , Kafeel Ahmad , Shehnaz Fatima , Saqib Bashir , Ijaz Rasool Noorka , Muhammad Irfan Ashraf , Hafsa Memona , Mahmoud F. Seleiman , Majed Alotaibi , Nawab Ali

Freshwater resources are continuously depleting over time due to the combination of various climatic, political and anthropogenic factors. The freshwater shortage has compelled farmers to use sewage water as an irrigation source for vegetable cultivation. However, urban sewage water contains a sufficient amount of heavy metals which can easily damage soil, crops and affect human health. The present study compared the concentrations of toxic metals including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd) lead, (Pb) and cobalt (Co) in radish and soil irrigated with sewage water (SW) versus canal water (CW). The results showed that the SW contains a significant number of heavy metals e.g., Cu (1.735 mg/kg), Fe (3.775 mg/kg), Zn (1.885 mg/kg), Mn (0.375 mg/kg), Cd (0.044 mg/kg), Co (0.05 mg/kg), Pb (0.062 mg/kg), and Mo (0.07 mg/kg), leading to increase the accumulation in the radish and soil by increasing their permissible limits. The irrigation water sources also have the potential to affect soil physicochemical properties and proximate composition of the radish. The sewage water irrigation notably increased salinity, nutrients, and soil organic matter, however it also increased the contamination risks. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Bio-concentration Factor (BCF) metrics revealed that sewage water has substantial adverse health impacts due to high metal contamination. There is an urgent need to adopt the innovative management strategies to improve the irrigation water sources to prevent soil health threats from metal pollution.

随着时间的推移，由于各种气候、政治和人为因素的综合作用，淡水资源正在不断枯竭。淡水短缺迫使农民使用污水作为蔬菜种植的灌溉水源。然而，城市污水中含有大量重金属，容易对土壤、作物造成破坏，影响人体健康。本研究比较了污水（SW）和运河水（CW）灌溉萝卜和土壤中铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、锰（Mn）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）和钴（Co）等有毒金属的浓度。结果表明：萝卜萝卜中重金属Cu （1.735 mg/kg）、Fe （3.775 mg/kg）、Zn （1.885 mg/kg）、Mn （0.375 mg/kg）、Cd （0.044 mg/kg）、Co （0.05 mg/kg）、Pb （0.062 mg/kg）、Mo （0.07 mg/kg）含量显著增加，通过提高萝卜萝卜和土壤中重金属的允许限量而增加了萝卜萝卜和土壤中重金属的积累。灌溉水源也有可能影响土壤理化性质和萝卜的近似组成。污水灌溉显著增加了土壤盐分、养分和有机质，但也增加了污染风险。污染负荷指数（PLI）和生物浓度因子（BCF）指标显示，由于高金属污染，污水对健康有重大不利影响。为了防止金属污染对土壤健康的威胁，迫切需要采用创新的管理策略来改善灌溉水源。

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引用次数: 0

Strigolactones mitigate drought stress in maize by improving chloroplast protection stomatal function and antioxidant defense mechanisms 独角蜜内酯通过改善玉米叶绿体保护、气孔功能和抗氧化防御机制缓解干旱胁迫

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Annals of Agricultural Science

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2025.100389

Shakeel Ahmad , Tayyaba Zulfiqar , Haichang Yang , Muhammad Farooq

Phytohormones and their derivatives are essential components of the signaling networks that regulate plant defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. A novel class of carotenoid-derived plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), has been shown to modulate various physiochemical processes in plants under drought stress (DS). This study presents unique findings by optimizing the concentration of SLs to mitigate the detrimental effects of DS on maize seedlings. Drought stress significantly reduced plant growth attributes and leaf chlorophyll pigments due to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The foliar application of SLs improved growth attributes, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal traits, while significantly reducing oxidative damage, as evidenced by a decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide (O₂⁻) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the DS + SL3 treatment significantly improved leaf ultrastructure and reduced oxidative damage, as evidenced by decreases in H₂O₂, O₂⁻ and MDA content by 32.49 %, 33.31 %, and 55.23 % (p ≤ 0.05) respectively. This treatment also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 31.64 %, 49.61 %, 53.18 %, and 101.35 %, respectively. Strigolactones enhanced chloroplast structure, supported cell expansion, protected cell walls, and significantly improved stomatal traits, including number, length, and width. These findings suggest that the foliar application of SLs can mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress by upregulating chlorophyll pigments and activating antioxidant defense mechanisms to mitigate ROS damage.

植物激素及其衍生物是调控植物抵抗非生物胁迫的信号网络的重要组成部分。一类新的类胡萝卜素衍生的植物激素，独角酯内酯（SLs），已被证明可以调节干旱胁迫（DS）下植物的各种生理化学过程。本研究通过优化SLs浓度来减轻DS对玉米幼苗的有害影响，提出了独特的研究结果。由于活性氧（ROS）的过量产生，干旱胁迫显著降低了植物的生长属性和叶片叶绿素色素。叶面施用SLs改善了叶片的生长性状、叶绿素含量、光合速率和气孔性状，同时显著降低了氧化损伤，过氧化氢（H2O2）、超氧化物（O2−）和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（p≤0.05）。此外，DS + SL3处理显著改善了叶片超微结构，降低了叶片氧化损伤，H2O2、O2−和MDA含量分别降低了32.49%、33.31%和55.23% （p≤0.05）。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性分别提高了31.64%、49.61%、53.18%和101.35%。独角孤内酯增强了叶绿体结构，支持细胞扩张，保护细胞壁，显著改善气孔数量、长度和宽度等性状。这些结果表明，叶面施用SLs可以通过上调叶绿素色素和激活抗氧化防御机制来减轻干旱胁迫的不利影响，从而减轻ROS的损害。

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引用次数: 0