Antibiotics-Basel最新文献

Chronic wounds are a major health problem because of delayed healing, causing hardships for the patient. The infection present in these wounds plays a role in delayed wound healing. Silver wound dressings have been used for decades, beginning in the 1960s with silver sulfadiazine for infection prevention for burn wounds. Since that time, there has been a large number of commercial silver dressings that have obtained FDA clearance. In this review, we examine the literature involving in vitro and in vivo (both animal and human clinical) studies with commercial silver dressings and attempt to glean the important characteristics of these dressings in treating infected wounds. The primary presentation of the literature is in the form of detailed tables. The narrative part of the review focuses on the different types of silver dressings, including the supporting matrix, the release characteristics of the silver into the surroundings, and their toxicity. Though there are many clinical studies of chronic and burn wounds using silver dressings that we discuss, it is difficult to compare the performances of the dressings directly because of the differences in the study protocols. We conclude that silver dressings can assist in wound healing, although it is difficult to provide general treatment guidelines. From a wound dressing point of view, future studies will need to focus on new delivery systems for silver, as well as the type of matrix in which the silver is deposited. Clearly, adding other actives to enhance the antimicrobial activity, including the disruption of mature biofilms is of interest. From a clinical point of view, the focus needs to be on the wound healing characteristics, and thus randomized control trials will provide more confidence in the results. The application of different wound dressings for specific wounds needs to be clarified, along with the application protocols. It is most likely that no single silver-based dressing can be used for all wounds.

Background: The ascomycete Botrytis cinerea is a major pathogen of strawberry, often causing grey mold and significant yield losses. Its management has largely relied on chemical fungicides, which, while effective, can lead to resistant pathogens and harm to non-target organisms and pose health risks. Objectives: This study explored a strategy for minimizing chemical usage by combining biocontrol agents (BCAs) with half-strength fungicide input. Results: In vitro results of fungicide-amended culture plates indicated that the presence of 625 µg mL^-1 Azoxystrobin exhibited no growth inhibition of T. atroviride T19 and T. harzianum T16 but increased conidial density of T16 by 90%. Copper (750 µg mL^-1) did not suppress the growth of T. virens TVSC or T16 but rather promoted it by 9.5% and 6%, respectively. Additionally, copper increased T16 sporulation by 1.4-fold. Greenhouse trials demonstrated that combining T23 with half-strength Azoxystrobin was as effective as the full dosage in suppressing flower rot. Among the antagonists assessed, Kosakonia sp. exhibited the lowest incidence of fruit rot, whereas T23 resulted in a moderate incidence. Moreover, the combination of T16 or Kosakonia sp. with half-strength copper was almost as effective as the full dosage in reducing fruit rot. Conclusions: Our findings suggest integrating these BCAs in the sustainable management of grey mold in strawberries.

Background: Heracleum sphondylium, a medicinal plant used in Romanian ethnopharmacology, has been proven to have remarkable biological activity. The escalating concerns surrounding antimicrobial resistance led to a special attention being paid to new efficient antimicrobial agents based on medicinal plants and nanotechnology. We report the preparation of a novel, simple phytocarrier that harnesses the bioactive properties of H. sphondylium and silver nanoparticles (HS-Ag system). Methods: H. sphondylium's low metabolic profile was determined through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. The morphostructural properties of the innovative phytocarrier were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in vitro assays. The antimicrobial activity screening against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was conducted using the agar well diffusion method. The 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay estimated the in vitro potential cytotoxicity on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. Results: A total of 88 biomolecules were detected, such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, phenylpropanoids, iridoids, amino acids, phytosterols, fatty acids. The HS-Ag phytocarrier heightened efficacy in suppressing the growth of all tested bacterial strains compared to H. sphondylium and exhibited a significant inhibition of HeLa cell viability. Conclusions: The new HS-Ag phytocarrier system holds promise for a wide range of medical applications. The data confirm the capacity to augment the pertinent theoretical understanding in the innovative field of antimicrobial agents.

The addition of sulbactam restores the complete range of cefoperazone activity against bacteria and extends its spectrum of action to include the Acinetobacter species. The effectiveness of cefoperazone/sulbactam against multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii has not been investigated. The purpose of the current meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of cefoperazone/sulbactam-based therapeutic regimens and non-cefoperazone/sulbactam-based therapeutic regimens in the treatment of multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. The current meta-analysis of 10 retrospective studies provides evidence that cefoperazone/sulbactam-based therapeutic regimens are superior to non-cefoperazone/sulbactam-based therapeutic regimens in terms of 30-day mortality and clinical improvement in patients with multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. The risk of mortality was reduced by 38% among multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in patients who received cefoperazone/sulbactam-based therapeutic regimens. The cefoperazone/sulbactam-based combination therapy was superior to the cefoperazone/sulbactam monotherapy in terms of 30-day mortality when both therapeutic regimens were compared to the tigecycline monotherapy in patients with multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.

Introduction: Peri-implantitis poses a significant challenge for implant dentistry due to its association with bacterial colonization on implant surfaces and the complexity of its management. This systematic review aims to assess evidence from in vivo studies regarding the antimicrobial efficacy of titanium (Ti) dental implant surfaces following physical/chemical modifications or the application of various metal element coatings in preventing bacterial growth associated with peri-implantitis. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted across four scientific databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science), encompassing in vivo studies published between 2013 and 2024, and 18 reports were included in the systematic review. Results: The findings suggest that titanium dental implant surfaces, following physical/chemical modifications and metal element coatings, exhibit antimicrobial effects against bacteria associated with peri-implantitis in humans and various animal models. Conclusions: The reviewed studies indicated a reduction in bacterial colonization, diminished biofilm formation, and decreased signs of inflammation in the peri-implant tissues, which provides evidence that physical/chemical alterations on titanium dental implant surfaces or metal element coatings, like silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu), demonstrate antimicrobial properties in in vivo studies. However, caution is warranted when translating findings to clinical practice due to methodological disparities and high bias risks. Further larger-scale clinical trials are imperative to assess their long-term efficacy and validate their clinical applicability.

Recently, the high proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections worldwide has highlighted the urgent need for novel antibiotics to combat this crisis. The recent progress in computational techniques for use in health and medicine, especially artificial intelligence (AI), has created new and potential approaches to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as repurposing existing drugs, optimizing current agents, and designing novel compounds. Halicin was previously used as a diabetic medication, acting as a c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) inhibitor, and has recently demonstrated unexpected antibacterial activity. Although previous efforts have highlighted halicin's potential as a promising antibiotic, evidence regarding its effectiveness against clinical strains remains limited, with insufficient proof of its clinical applicability. In this study, we sought to investigate the antibacterial activity of halicin against MRSA clinical strains to validate its clinical applicability, and a C. elegans model infected by MRSA was employed to evaluate the in vivo effect of halicin against MRSA. Our findings revealed the antibacterial activity of halicin against methicillin-resistant S. aureus clinical strains with MICs ranging from 2 to 4 µg/mL. Our study is also the first work to evaluate the in vivo effect of halicin against S. aureus using a C. elegans model, supporting its further development as an antibiotic.

Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms by which periodontal pathogens, particularly Prevotella intermedia, induce severe neutrophilic inflammation. In addition, we aimed to test the efficacy of macrolides, which has not been resolved in the neutrophilic inflammation induced by P. intermedia. Methods: NCl-H292 human airway epithelial cells were pre-incubated with clarithromycin for 2 h before incubation with P. intermedia supernatants. Then, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) transcription and interleukin (IL)-8 production were measured. To elucidate the signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors were added to the cell culture, and the cells were subjected to Western blotting. Results:P. intermedia supernatants promoted CXCL8 transcription and IL-8 production, and the reactions were significantly suppressed by clarithromycin pretreatment. Only trametinib, the selective mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor, downregulated CXCL8 transcription and IL-8 production. Furthermore, Western blotting revealed that stimulation with P. intermedia supernatants specifically induces extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation, which is suppressed by clarithromycin pretreatment. Notably, the interference analysis revealed that ERK3 might be dispensable for IL-8 production under the stimulation of P. intermedia supernatants. Conclusions: Our results provide new insight into the mechanism underlying P. intermedia-induced production of IL-8 from human airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, macrolides might have therapeutic potential in regulating periodontal pathogen-induced neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern in the dairy industry. Recent studies have indicated that bedding serves as a reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs), while silage has been proposed as another possible source. The impact of AMR in dairy farming can be significant, resulting in decreased productivity and economic losses for farmers. Several studies have highlighted the safety implications of AMR bacteria and genes in bedding and silage, emphasizing the need for further research on how housing, bedding, and silage management affect AMR in farm environments. Exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of antibiotics, such as those from contaminated bedding and silage, can prompt bacteria to develop resistance mechanisms. Thus, even if antimicrobial usage is diminished, ARGs may be maintained in the dairy farm environment. By implementing proactive measures to tackle AMR in dairy farming, we can take steps to preserve the health and productivity of dairy cattle while also protecting public health. This involves addressing the prudent use of antibiotics during production and promoting animal welfare, hygiene, and management practices in bedding and farm environments to minimize the risk of AMR development and spread. This narrative review compiles the growing research, positioning the contribution of bedding and silage to the prevalence and dissemination of AMR, which can elicit insights for researchers and policymakers.

Objectives: Campylobacter spp. remain a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with resistance to antibiotics posing significant challenges to treatment and public health. This study examines profiles in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for Campylobacter isolates from human and animal sources over the past decade. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of resistance data from studies spanning ten years, analyzing profiles in resistance to key antibiotics, ciprofloxacin (CIP), tetracycline (TET), erythromycin (ERY), chloramphenicol (CHL), and gentamicin (GEN). Data were collated from various regions to assess global and regional patterns of resistance. Results: The analysis reveals a concerning trend of increasing resistance patterns, particularly to CIP and TET, across multiple regions. While resistance to CHL and GEN remains relatively low, the high prevalence of CIP resistance has significantly compromised treatment options for campylobacteriosis. Discrepancies in resistance patterns were observed between human and animal isolates, with variations across different continents and countries. Notably, resistance to ERY and CHL showed regional variability, reflecting potential differences in antimicrobial usage and management practices. Conclusions: The findings underscore the ongoing challenge of AMR in Campylobacter, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and research. The rising resistance prevalence, coupled with discrepancies in resistance patterns between human and animal isolates, emphasize the importance of a One Health approach to address AMR. Enhanced monitoring, novel treatment strategies, and global cooperation are crucial for mitigating the impact of resistance and ensuring the effective management of Campylobacter-related infections.

Background/objectives: The implementation of information quality value stream maps (IQ-VSMs) in food animal production systems can increase our understanding of the opportunities and challenges when using laboratory testing for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to support antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Our objectives were to (1) explore the implementation of information quality value stream mapping as a continuous improvement tool to inform decisions for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) management and AMS and (2) apply the information quality dimensions to identified Kaizen opportunities for the integration of laboratory data into BRD management systems to assess the appropriateness of BRD treatment plans in western Canadian feedlot production.

Methods: A 'Current State' IQ-VSM outlined the processes, available information, information processing steps, and control decisions contributing to BRD management and treatment in commercial western Canadian feedlots, recognizing that laboratory BRD pathogens and AMR data are typically not part of BRD management.

Results: The 'Future State' IQ-VSM incorporated Kaizen opportunities for improvement, including (i) the strategic collection of respiratory samples from representative samples of calves for laboratory analysis, regardless of clinical BRD status, (ii) compilation of laboratory data at the pen and feedlot levels, and (iii) analysis of pen- and feedlot-level laboratory data to inform the veterinarian's assessment of the appropriateness of current BRD treatment plans.

Conclusions: The IQ-VSMs provided a valuable framework to visualize the integration of BRD pathogen and AMR laboratory data to support AMS and address any potential future testing requirements.