Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.08
F. Khoury, M. Saba, M. Alshamlih
The common myna was first recorded in Jordan in 2010, in the Jordan Valley just north of the Dead Sea, as a result of secondary expansion of an invasive population from a neighboring country. After initial establishment, it rapidly spread throughout many parts of the country. This included apparent jump dispersals of 20–60 km to towns located in the desert along highways. The common myna is thus able to become fully invasive in arid and semi-arid environments under the influence of human factors. The results of a Maxent model trained with data from the invaded region (the southern Levant) and the native range suggest that the common myna’s expansion and current distribution is driven mainly by anthropogenic factors rather than climatic variables. This study provides a nationwide baseline about the distribution of the invasive common myna, and potential for further spread as a baseline for monitoring and prioritizing actions to control spread and impacts. The rapid expansion of common myna in Jordan, which is apparently enhanced by the influx of dispersing birds from neighboring countries, necessitates more attention and urgent action and coordination at various levels.
{"title":"Anthropogenic not climatic correlates are the main drivers of expansion of non-native common myna Acridotheres tristis in Jordan","authors":"F. Khoury, M. Saba, M. Alshamlih","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The common myna was first recorded in Jordan in 2010, in the Jordan Valley just north of the Dead Sea, as a result of secondary expansion of an invasive population from a neighboring country. After initial establishment, it rapidly spread throughout many parts of the country. This included apparent jump dispersals of 20–60 km to towns located in the desert along highways. The common myna is thus able to become fully invasive in arid and semi-arid environments under the influence of human factors. The results of a Maxent model trained with data from the invaded region (the southern Levant) and the native range suggest that the common myna’s expansion and current distribution is driven mainly by anthropogenic factors rather than climatic variables. This study provides a nationwide baseline about the distribution of the invasive common myna, and potential for further spread as a baseline for monitoring and prioritizing actions to control spread and impacts. The rapid expansion of common myna in Jordan, which is apparently enhanced by the influx of dispersing birds from neighboring countries, necessitates more attention and urgent action and coordination at various levels.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.01
Yolanda Stranga, S. Katsanevakis
“ BioInvasions Records ” (BIR) is an international journal founded in 2011, with its primary focus the publication of new records of non-native species. We analyzed all published articles in BIR between 2012 and 2019, aiming to: make all georeferenced records openly available; investigate spatio-temporal patterns in reported records, methodologies for species identification, and pathways of invasion; and identify possible biases in reporting alien species occurrences and distributions. In total, 10457 georeferenced records were retrieved from 467 published articles, reporting 628 different species. Terrestrial species were under-represented in the dataset. Chordata dominated in the list of reported species, followed by Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Tracheophyta. Europe was the continent with most recorded species, followed by North America. In terms of species reported by country, USA ranked on top. This geographic bias is in accordance with global patterns of research output, related to the fact that North America and Western Europe are leaders in funding research and development, and this is where the majority of highly ranked universities are situated. The country diversity of reported species exhibited an increasing trend from 28 countries in 2012 to 49 countries in 2019. Single-author papers represented only ~ 5% of all published papers, and the median number of authors has increased from 3 in 2012–2013, to 4 in 2015–2019, following global trends of increased collaborations. The frequency of conducting molecular analyses for species identification has increased from 4.5% of published articles in 2012 to 25.2% in 2019, and is expected to further increase with the continuing development of molecular tools, in particular rapid advances and cost reduction in eDNA, next-generation sequencing, barcoding and metabarcoding analyses. The most common pathway of introduction (based on the CBD classification) was “transport-stowaway”, followed by “escape from confinement” and “corridor”. However, the importance of pathways significantly differed by environment. “Transport-stowaway” was the most important pathway for marine and transitional species, whereas “escape from confinement” was the most important pathway for terrestrial and freshwater species. The most important CBD pathway subcategory was “ship/boat ballast water”, followed by “interconnected waterways/basins/seas”, “natural dispersal across borders”, “ship/boat hull fouling”, “aquaculture/mariculture”, and “pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species)”. BIR has provided the means for publishing valuable information on the distribution of alien species, the dynamics of invasions, and pathways of introduction, therefore substantially supporting invasion science and management.
{"title":"Eight years of BioInvasions Records: patterns and trends in alien and cryptogenic species records","authors":"Yolanda Stranga, S. Katsanevakis","doi":"10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"“ BioInvasions Records ” (BIR) is an international journal founded in 2011, with its primary focus the publication of new records of non-native species. We analyzed all published articles in BIR between 2012 and 2019, aiming to: make all georeferenced records openly available; investigate spatio-temporal patterns in reported records, methodologies for species identification, and pathways of invasion; and identify possible biases in reporting alien species occurrences and distributions. In total, 10457 georeferenced records were retrieved from 467 published articles, reporting 628 different species. Terrestrial species were under-represented in the dataset. Chordata dominated in the list of reported species, followed by Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Tracheophyta. Europe was the continent with most recorded species, followed by North America. In terms of species reported by country, USA ranked on top. This geographic bias is in accordance with global patterns of research output, related to the fact that North America and Western Europe are leaders in funding research and development, and this is where the majority of highly ranked universities are situated. The country diversity of reported species exhibited an increasing trend from 28 countries in 2012 to 49 countries in 2019. Single-author papers represented only ~ 5% of all published papers, and the median number of authors has increased from 3 in 2012–2013, to 4 in 2015–2019, following global trends of increased collaborations. The frequency of conducting molecular analyses for species identification has increased from 4.5% of published articles in 2012 to 25.2% in 2019, and is expected to further increase with the continuing development of molecular tools, in particular rapid advances and cost reduction in eDNA, next-generation sequencing, barcoding and metabarcoding analyses. The most common pathway of introduction (based on the CBD classification) was “transport-stowaway”, followed by “escape from confinement” and “corridor”. However, the importance of pathways significantly differed by environment. “Transport-stowaway” was the most important pathway for marine and transitional species, whereas “escape from confinement” was the most important pathway for terrestrial and freshwater species. The most important CBD pathway subcategory was “ship/boat ballast water”, followed by “interconnected waterways/basins/seas”, “natural dispersal across borders”, “ship/boat hull fouling”, “aquaculture/mariculture”, and “pet/aquarium/terrarium species (including live food for such species)”. BIR has provided the means for publishing valuable information on the distribution of alien species, the dynamics of invasions, and pathways of introduction, therefore substantially supporting invasion science and management.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69554530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.03
Vanessa Molina, Scott C. Riley, Stephanie H. Robbins-Wamsley, Matthew R. First, L. Drake
We appreciate Natalie M. Hull and Karl G. Linden’s interest in our recent article in which we examined a novel application of a CyQuant®-based approach for examining DNA concentrations of UVand chlorination-treated organisms. Hull and Linden questioned our work, which was conducted to inform considerations of regulating ballast water discharges on the basis of the number of viable organisms, and several concerns were identified. Here we provide our response to the specific concerns raised about experimental design, procedure, and interpretation.
我们感谢Natalie M. Hull和Karl G. Linden对我们最近的一篇文章的兴趣，在这篇文章中，我们研究了一种基于CyQuant®的方法的新应用，用于检测紫外线和氯化处理过的生物体的DNA浓度。Hull和Linden对我们的工作提出了质疑，我们的工作是为了根据活生物体的数量来调节压载水的排放，并确定了几个问题。在此，我们对实验设计、程序和解释提出的具体问题作出回应。
{"title":"Response to Letter to the Editor from Hull and Linden (2020)","authors":"Vanessa Molina, Scott C. Riley, Stephanie H. Robbins-Wamsley, Matthew R. First, L. Drake","doi":"10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"We appreciate Natalie M. Hull and Karl G. Linden’s interest in our recent article in which we examined a novel application of a CyQuant®-based approach for examining DNA concentrations of UVand chlorination-treated organisms. Hull and Linden questioned our work, which was conducted to inform considerations of regulating ballast water discharges on the basis of the number of viable organisms, and several concerns were identified. Here we provide our response to the specific concerns raised about experimental design, procedure, and interpretation.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69554532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.07
Niels Jorgensen, J. Leary, M. Renz, B. Mahnken
The East Maui Watershed (EMW) is a > 60,000-ha forested watershed with wide temperature and precipitation gradients being invaded by miconia ( Miconia calvescens DC.). Current miconia management efforts focus on protecting important watershed and critical habitat areas from miconia invasion. Herein, we report on a miconia species distribution model to predict unoccupied areas that may be still vulnerable to invasion. This suitable habitat model was developed from an ensemble of five algorithms associating five physical features of EMW with miconia occurrence data from a 26-yr management history (1991–2016; n = 114,953). All of the algorithms performed well based on model evaluation statistics (e.g. AUC ≥ 0.83; TSS ≥ 0.36). Elevation, slope and rainfall were consistently important predictors, while aspect indices were non-contributors. The binary ensemble model suggests a total of ~ 56.9% of the area of interest is susceptible to invasion by miconia. An independent dataset collected in 2017– 2018 (n = 5,222) was used to field validate the ensemble habitat suitability model (EHSM) and found that the model could correctly predict suitable habitat 94% of the time. All five of the model algorithms were updated using this new management data, and the predicted suitable area decreased 2.3%. While binary models are useful for risk assessment, the classification of an area as suitable or not suitable has limitations for land managers adopting for management activities. Utilizing the mean weighted consensus probability surface representation of the model allows for more scrutiny of potential suitable habitat. We suggest using this approach when planning future monitoring efforts, especially if specific areas have a higher prioritization for conservation than others.
{"title":"Characterizing the suitable habitat of Miconia calvescens in the East Maui Watershed","authors":"Niels Jorgensen, J. Leary, M. Renz, B. Mahnken","doi":"10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"The East Maui Watershed (EMW) is a > 60,000-ha forested watershed with wide temperature and precipitation gradients being invaded by miconia ( Miconia calvescens DC.). Current miconia management efforts focus on protecting important watershed and critical habitat areas from miconia invasion. Herein, we report on a miconia species distribution model to predict unoccupied areas that may be still vulnerable to invasion. This suitable habitat model was developed from an ensemble of five algorithms associating five physical features of EMW with miconia occurrence data from a 26-yr management history (1991–2016; n = 114,953). All of the algorithms performed well based on model evaluation statistics (e.g. AUC ≥ 0.83; TSS ≥ 0.36). Elevation, slope and rainfall were consistently important predictors, while aspect indices were non-contributors. The binary ensemble model suggests a total of ~ 56.9% of the area of interest is susceptible to invasion by miconia. An independent dataset collected in 2017– 2018 (n = 5,222) was used to field validate the ensemble habitat suitability model (EHSM) and found that the model could correctly predict suitable habitat 94% of the time. All five of the model algorithms were updated using this new management data, and the predicted suitable area decreased 2.3%. While binary models are useful for risk assessment, the classification of an area as suitable or not suitable has limitations for land managers adopting for management activities. Utilizing the mean weighted consensus probability surface representation of the model allows for more scrutiny of potential suitable habitat. We suggest using this approach when planning future monitoring efforts, especially if specific areas have a higher prioritization for conservation than others.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69554670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.14
C. Scianni, Katie Lubarsky, Lina Ceballos-Osuna, Tracey Bates
In 2017 and 2018, California and New Zealand introduced new regulatory regimes for the maritime shipping industry by implementing and enforcing regulations for biofouling management. Both sets of regulations reflect the principles of the International Maritime Organization’s Biofouling Guidelines and are designed to encourage proactive biofouling management to reduce the likelihood of nonindigenous species introductions. During the first year of enforcement, maritime shipping vessels that were subject to the respective regulations made similar numbers of arrivals at California (2,515) and New Zealand (2,556) ports. California and New Zealand regulators also conducted similar numbers of biofouling inspections during this time: 505 in California and 498 in New Zealand. Most instances of noncompliance in both jurisdictions were a result of incomplete understanding of these new regulations, however provisions to provide flexibility and education ensured the maritime shipping industry had opportunities to learn about the requirements, improve compliance, and reduce learning curves. An important lesson learned for both jurisdictions was the importance of extensive and targeted outreach to the various stakeholder groups that play a role in achieving compliance and effective risk reduction. The lessons learned and noncompliance trends identified during the first year of inspections in California and New Zealand provide valuable insights for consideration in light of the current review of the IMO Biofouling Guidelines and moves to develop biofouling requirements in other jurisdictions.
{"title":"Yes, we CANZ: initial compliance and lessons learned from regulating vessel biofouling management in California and New Zealand","authors":"C. Scianni, Katie Lubarsky, Lina Ceballos-Osuna, Tracey Bates","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017 and 2018, California and New Zealand introduced new regulatory regimes for the maritime shipping industry by implementing and enforcing regulations for biofouling management. Both sets of regulations reflect the principles of the International Maritime Organization’s Biofouling Guidelines and are designed to encourage proactive biofouling management to reduce the likelihood of nonindigenous species introductions. During the first year of enforcement, maritime shipping vessels that were subject to the respective regulations made similar numbers of arrivals at California (2,515) and New Zealand (2,556) ports. California and New Zealand regulators also conducted similar numbers of biofouling inspections during this time: 505 in California and 498 in New Zealand. Most instances of noncompliance in both jurisdictions were a result of incomplete understanding of these new regulations, however provisions to provide flexibility and education ensured the maritime shipping industry had opportunities to learn about the requirements, improve compliance, and reduce learning curves. An important lesson learned for both jurisdictions was the importance of extensive and targeted outreach to the various stakeholder groups that play a role in achieving compliance and effective risk reduction. The lessons learned and noncompliance trends identified during the first year of inspections in California and New Zealand provide valuable insights for consideration in light of the current review of the IMO Biofouling Guidelines and moves to develop biofouling requirements in other jurisdictions.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.03
S. Tracy, Julie Day, Julianne Renner, Mark Sappington
Since the January 2007 discovery of quagga mussels ( Dreissena rostriformis bugensis ) at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, the National Park Service has worked with numerous agencies and partners to prevent further spread of invasive species through inspection and decontamination of recreational vessels and boater education programs. We applied geographic and demographic analysis techniques to data collected at inspection and decontamination stations within the park and data from inspection stations across the western United States to better understand the visitor boating population. Using ArcGIS ESRI Tapestry software and the home zip codes of recreational boaters whose vessels were inspected within the park, we classified local and non-local boaters into demographic groups with the goal of developing more targeted educational programs. Demographic results indicate distinctive trends within the boating population including: higher median incomes, high levels of education, and boat owner median ages in the mid-30s. Economic and behavioral patterns of Lake Mead boater demographics combined with a synthesis of available research on behavior change in environmental campaign design demonstrate the need for targeted outreach to increase the effectiveness of aquatic invasive species (AIS) programs and further reduce AIS transmission risk.
{"title":"Human dimensions of aquatic invasive species transport at Lake Mead National Recreation Area","authors":"S. Tracy, Julie Day, Julianne Renner, Mark Sappington","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.03","url":null,"abstract":"Since the January 2007 discovery of quagga mussels ( Dreissena rostriformis bugensis ) at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, the National Park Service has worked with numerous agencies and partners to prevent further spread of invasive species through inspection and decontamination of recreational vessels and boater education programs. We applied geographic and demographic analysis techniques to data collected at inspection and decontamination stations within the park and data from inspection stations across the western United States to better understand the visitor boating population. Using ArcGIS ESRI Tapestry software and the home zip codes of recreational boaters whose vessels were inspected within the park, we classified local and non-local boaters into demographic groups with the goal of developing more targeted educational programs. Demographic results indicate distinctive trends within the boating population including: higher median incomes, high levels of education, and boat owner median ages in the mid-30s. Economic and behavioral patterns of Lake Mead boater demographics combined with a synthesis of available research on behavior change in environmental campaign design demonstrate the need for targeted outreach to increase the effectiveness of aquatic invasive species (AIS) programs and further reduce AIS transmission risk.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/MBI.2021.12.1.03
B. Poorten, M. Beck
One of the great challenges with invasive alien species is deciding how to act when a new invasive population is detected. This is partly due to a variety of diverse perspectives on risk perception, objectives, predicted effectiveness of different management actions and uncertainty in likelihood of success for each action. These differences of opinion are largely due to divergent perspectives and experiences among individuals or agencies, and can be overcome with careful consideration, consensus-building and collective action. Structured decision-making (SDM) is a formal method to identify shared goals and facilitate discussion among diverse participants with an aim to collaboratively achieve an outcome in natural resource management. While SDM is used by many agencies to deal with a spectrum of natural resource decision problems, other agencies do not use this process. This article acts as a primer on SDM, discussing key considerations relevant to each step. We reinforce these steps by reporting on a case study using SDM. The problem we address is a non-native smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolumieui Lacépède, 1802) population discovered in Cultus Lake, British Columbia (BC), Canada, in 2018. Smallmouth bass are invasive to BC, and while they may provide a unique and satisfying experience for recreational fishers, they may also exert high predation rates on at-risk sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and coastrange sculpin Cottus aleuticus endemic to the lake. We report on early successes to this process and how it fostered collaboration and collective action to begin the process of population control for this invasive smallmouth bass population.
{"title":"Getting to a decision: using structured decision-making to gain consensus on approaches to invasive species control","authors":"B. Poorten, M. Beck","doi":"10.3391/MBI.2021.12.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/MBI.2021.12.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"One of the great challenges with invasive alien species is deciding how to act when a new invasive population is detected. This is partly due to a variety of diverse perspectives on risk perception, objectives, predicted effectiveness of different management actions and uncertainty in likelihood of success for each action. These differences of opinion are largely due to divergent perspectives and experiences among individuals or agencies, and can be overcome with careful consideration, consensus-building and collective action. Structured decision-making (SDM) is a formal method to identify shared goals and facilitate discussion among diverse participants with an aim to collaboratively achieve an outcome in natural resource management. While SDM is used by many agencies to deal with a spectrum of natural resource decision problems, other agencies do not use this process. This article acts as a primer on SDM, discussing key considerations relevant to each step. We reinforce these steps by reporting on a case study using SDM. The problem we address is a non-native smallmouth bass ( Micropterus dolumieui Lacépède, 1802) population discovered in Cultus Lake, British Columbia (BC), Canada, in 2018. Smallmouth bass are invasive to BC, and while they may provide a unique and satisfying experience for recreational fishers, they may also exert high predation rates on at-risk sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and coastrange sculpin Cottus aleuticus endemic to the lake. We report on early successes to this process and how it fostered collaboration and collective action to begin the process of population control for this invasive smallmouth bass population.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69553645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.05
A. Davidson, Andrew J. Tucker, L. Chadderton, C. Weibert
In an effort to harmonize multi-jurisdictional surveillance and detection of aquatic invasive species, regional stakeholders have called for the development of a Great Lakes Aquatic Invasive Species Surveillance Framework to identify species that pose a risk to the basin, quantify the relative risk of various pathways of introduction, provide guidance on monitoring protocols for surveillance, and identify priority locations for surveillance based on this pathway assessment. Here, we screen 448 species to develop a surveillance list of 144 species that are relevant for Great Lakes surveillance: are not yet widespread throughout the basin, have a pathway through which they can arrive, are able to establish and are predicted to cause impacts. Using the Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Risk Assessment for consistent assessment across taxa, the surveillance species list consisted of 144 species: 64 plants, 4 algae, 40 fish, 5 mollusks, 28 crustaceans, 1 platyhelminthes and 2 bryozoans. While pathway risk varies by taxon, the highest risk pathways across all taxonomic groups are natural dispersal, hitchhiking/fouling, and intentional release. The taxonomic group predicted to have the most severe impacts on a per species basis is algae, followed by mollusks, and plants. However, the large number of plant and fish species on the surveillance species list means that overall predicted impact (from a taxonomic perspective) is greatest from these two groups. We recommend ways that the surveillance list could be applied to improve aquatic invasive species management efforts: engage in community-based surveillance, inform taxonomic and species surveillance priorities, provide guidance on monitoring protocols for surveillance, quantify the relative risk of various pathways of introduction and identify priority locations for surveillance based on this pathway assessment.
{"title":"Development of a surveillance species list to inform aquatic invasive species management in the Laurentian Great Lakes","authors":"A. Davidson, Andrew J. Tucker, L. Chadderton, C. Weibert","doi":"10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to harmonize multi-jurisdictional surveillance and detection of aquatic invasive species, regional stakeholders have called for the development of a Great Lakes Aquatic Invasive Species Surveillance Framework to identify species that pose a risk to the basin, quantify the relative risk of various pathways of introduction, provide guidance on monitoring protocols for surveillance, and identify priority locations for surveillance based on this pathway assessment. Here, we screen 448 species to develop a surveillance list of 144 species that are relevant for Great Lakes surveillance: are not yet widespread throughout the basin, have a pathway through which they can arrive, are able to establish and are predicted to cause impacts. Using the Great Lakes Aquatic Nonindigenous Species Risk Assessment for consistent assessment across taxa, the surveillance species list consisted of 144 species: 64 plants, 4 algae, 40 fish, 5 mollusks, 28 crustaceans, 1 platyhelminthes and 2 bryozoans. While pathway risk varies by taxon, the highest risk pathways across all taxonomic groups are natural dispersal, hitchhiking/fouling, and intentional release. The taxonomic group predicted to have the most severe impacts on a per species basis is algae, followed by mollusks, and plants. However, the large number of plant and fish species on the surveillance species list means that overall predicted impact (from a taxonomic perspective) is greatest from these two groups. We recommend ways that the surveillance list could be applied to improve aquatic invasive species management efforts: engage in community-based surveillance, inform taxonomic and species surveillance priorities, provide guidance on monitoring protocols for surveillance, quantify the relative risk of various pathways of introduction and identify priority locations for surveillance based on this pathway assessment.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"12 1","pages":"272-293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69554534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.06
Ndivhuwo Shivambu, Tinyiko C. Shivambu, C. Downs
Non-native small mammals are amongst the most popular species traded as pets around the world. Some of these mammals have become invasive through various pet trade releases and escapees in most countries. In South Africa, several non-native small mammals have been introduced for pet trade purposes. We assessed the sale of non-native small mammals in South Africa from September 2018 to 2019 to determine their abundance and degree of trade online and in pet shops. A total of seven websites were recorded selling 2,681 individuals representing 24 species belonging to seven taxonomic orders. For physical pet shops, 19,391 individuals representing 16 species and seven orders were recorded from 122 pet shops. Rodents and primates were the most dominant groups in both online and pet shops. The most common small mammal species traded were the Norwegian rat Rattus norvegicus , the guinea pig Cavia porcellus , the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus and the house mouse Mus musculus . Prices ranged from ZAR9.00 to ZAR12,000.00, with rodents offered at relatively low prices. The most abundant species traded were relatively cheap when compared with the least abundant species and CITES species were more expensive than non-CITES species. Species with high abundances traded at low prices and have a history of invasion through pet trade releases and escapes pose an invasion risk in South Africa. Therefore, their trade should be strictly regulated.
{"title":"Non-native small mammal species in the South African pet trade","authors":"Ndivhuwo Shivambu, Tinyiko C. Shivambu, C. Downs","doi":"10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Non-native small mammals are amongst the most popular species traded as pets around the world. Some of these mammals have become invasive through various pet trade releases and escapees in most countries. In South Africa, several non-native small mammals have been introduced for pet trade purposes. We assessed the sale of non-native small mammals in South Africa from September 2018 to 2019 to determine their abundance and degree of trade online and in pet shops. A total of seven websites were recorded selling 2,681 individuals representing 24 species belonging to seven taxonomic orders. For physical pet shops, 19,391 individuals representing 16 species and seven orders were recorded from 122 pet shops. Rodents and primates were the most dominant groups in both online and pet shops. The most common small mammal species traded were the Norwegian rat Rattus norvegicus , the guinea pig Cavia porcellus , the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus and the house mouse Mus musculus . Prices ranged from ZAR9.00 to ZAR12,000.00, with rodents offered at relatively low prices. The most abundant species traded were relatively cheap when compared with the least abundant species and CITES species were more expensive than non-CITES species. Species with high abundances traded at low prices and have a history of invasion through pet trade releases and escapes pose an invasion risk in South Africa. Therefore, their trade should be strictly regulated.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69554535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/MBI.2021.12.1.04
P. Adolfsen, Helge Bardal, Svein Aune
The introduced monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris (Malmberg, 1957) is categorized as one of the most severe threats against Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) in Norway and has almost eradicated salmon populations in the Skibotn and Signaldalen Rivers in northern Norway. The parasite was unintentionally introduced to the Skibotn River in 1976 via release of infested Atlantic salmon smolt from Sweden. The parasite is restricted to freshwater, and survives at most a few days without its host. Therefore, eradication of all hosts in the infected river systems has been the preferred strategy to eliminate the parasite. After two failed eradication attempts in 1988 and 1995, the parasite spread further to neighbouring rivers. This, along with several other failed rotenone treatments in Norway in the 1990s, resulted in severe criticism of the national eradication strategy for G. salaris . Still, the eradication program continued, and the failed eradication attempts were analysed for possible improvements. Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus, Linnaeus, 1758) has proved to be a potential long-term host for the parasite and infested char were documented to have survived in small, groundwater-fed tributaries and ponds during the first two eradication attempts in the Skibotn River. Low limits on allowed rotenone concentrations set by the pollution control authorities might also have contributed to the failures. A third attempt at eradicating the parasite from River Skibotnelva was made in 2015 and 2016, using new knowledge about the parasite and its hosts, renewed strategies to map and deal with dilution from groundwater intrusion and an official acceptance of increased concentrations of rotenone. Treatments for two consecutive years was the main strategy improvement from previous eradication attempts. Water samples showed sufficient levels of rotenone concentrations at all sample points during the treatment periods. Significant efforts in collecting all possible surviving fish from the first-year treatment and screening them for G. salaris revealed no surviving parasites at the time of the second-year treatment. The national G. salaris eradication campaign includes a surveillance programme for eradication confirmation. The results so far are positive for the Skibotn Region, but the earliest an eradication confirmation can be issued earliest is 2021.
{"title":"Fighting an invasive fish parasite in subarctic Norwegian rivers – The end of a long story?","authors":"P. Adolfsen, Helge Bardal, Svein Aune","doi":"10.3391/MBI.2021.12.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/MBI.2021.12.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The introduced monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris (Malmberg, 1957) is categorized as one of the most severe threats against Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) in Norway and has almost eradicated salmon populations in the Skibotn and Signaldalen Rivers in northern Norway. The parasite was unintentionally introduced to the Skibotn River in 1976 via release of infested Atlantic salmon smolt from Sweden. The parasite is restricted to freshwater, and survives at most a few days without its host. Therefore, eradication of all hosts in the infected river systems has been the preferred strategy to eliminate the parasite. After two failed eradication attempts in 1988 and 1995, the parasite spread further to neighbouring rivers. This, along with several other failed rotenone treatments in Norway in the 1990s, resulted in severe criticism of the national eradication strategy for G. salaris . Still, the eradication program continued, and the failed eradication attempts were analysed for possible improvements. Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus, Linnaeus, 1758) has proved to be a potential long-term host for the parasite and infested char were documented to have survived in small, groundwater-fed tributaries and ponds during the first two eradication attempts in the Skibotn River. Low limits on allowed rotenone concentrations set by the pollution control authorities might also have contributed to the failures. A third attempt at eradicating the parasite from River Skibotnelva was made in 2015 and 2016, using new knowledge about the parasite and its hosts, renewed strategies to map and deal with dilution from groundwater intrusion and an official acceptance of increased concentrations of rotenone. Treatments for two consecutive years was the main strategy improvement from previous eradication attempts. Water samples showed sufficient levels of rotenone concentrations at all sample points during the treatment periods. Significant efforts in collecting all possible surviving fish from the first-year treatment and screening them for G. salaris revealed no surviving parasites at the time of the second-year treatment. The national G. salaris eradication campaign includes a surveillance programme for eradication confirmation. The results so far are positive for the Skibotn Region, but the earliest an eradication confirmation can be issued earliest is 2021.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69554570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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