Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.04
W. Komatsu, I. Saeki
Invasions of exotic herbivores often result in considerable damage to vegetation. Slugs are one of the herbivores that pose a high risk of altering vegetation when introduced to new sites. The large invasive slug, Limax maximus , was recently introduced into Japan. We examined its feeding behavior to assess potential effects on vegetation at introduced sites. We conducted two complementary experiments: feeding trials and DNA meta-barcoding analyses. In the feeding trials, we provided L. maximus with 23 test plants and calculated Acceptability Index (AI) values to evaluate palatability. Limax maximus clearly favored specific plants; average AI was highest for Brassica oleracea , followed by Lactuca indica, and Sambucus racemosa . DNA meta-barcoding analyses identified plants from six families in the feces of wild individuals. According to the generalized linear mixed model analyses, the plants that L. maximus preferred to eat were crops, herbaceous plants, and plants with glabrous leaves. Because native slugs and land snails do not show these preferences, L. maximus may exert herbivory pressure on native and agricultural plants that is different from that exerted by native molluscan communities. Our work demonstrated that combining multiple methods helps to estimate the potential risk of exotic herbivory in natural ecosystems. Additional research should examine
{"title":"Feeding habits of the exotic invasive slug Limax maximus: a basis for risk assessment of herbivory on forest and agricultural ecosystems","authors":"W. Komatsu, I. Saeki","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"Invasions of exotic herbivores often result in considerable damage to vegetation. Slugs are one of the herbivores that pose a high risk of altering vegetation when introduced to new sites. The large invasive slug, Limax maximus , was recently introduced into Japan. We examined its feeding behavior to assess potential effects on vegetation at introduced sites. We conducted two complementary experiments: feeding trials and DNA meta-barcoding analyses. In the feeding trials, we provided L. maximus with 23 test plants and calculated Acceptability Index (AI) values to evaluate palatability. Limax maximus clearly favored specific plants; average AI was highest for Brassica oleracea , followed by Lactuca indica, and Sambucus racemosa . DNA meta-barcoding analyses identified plants from six families in the feces of wild individuals. According to the generalized linear mixed model analyses, the plants that L. maximus preferred to eat were crops, herbaceous plants, and plants with glabrous leaves. Because native slugs and land snails do not show these preferences, L. maximus may exert herbivory pressure on native and agricultural plants that is different from that exerted by native molluscan communities. Our work demonstrated that combining multiple methods helps to estimate the potential risk of exotic herbivory in natural ecosystems. Additional research should examine","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.15
Jason A. Ferrante, Wesley M. Daniel, Jonathan Freedman, K. Klymus, Matthew E. Neilson, Y. Passamaneck, Christopher Rees, Adam J. Sepulveda, Margaret E. Hunter
To advance national efforts for the detection and biosurveillance of aquatic invasive species (AIS), we employed a community consensus process to enable the incorporation of environmental DNA (eDNA) detection data into the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database (https://nas.er. usgs.gov/eDNA/). Our goal was to identify minimum standards and best practices for the verification of eDNA data by working closely with AIS eDNA community practitioners and natural resource managers across government, private and academic sectors. To better inform management decisions, verified AIS eDNA data will be displayed on a separate mapping layer alongside visual sighting data with the inclusion of additional information on the eDNA methods employed to collect and produce the data. To allow for eDNA data display, we produced consensus derived online documents including a submission application and data submission template and are developing a guidance document for detailing the eDNA data submission process. We also developed a communication plan including a mechanism for reporting detections to appropriate managers for consideration prior to display. The products of these efforts are an application and data submission process that will be used in the new environmental DNA data layer on the Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. Herein, we detail how we engaged the eDNA community for consensus of our standards, share lessons learned from the process, and describe the benefits of such an approach at instilling confidence among the research and decision-maker community.
{"title":"Gaining decision-maker confidence through community consensus: developing environmental DNA standards for data display on the USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database","authors":"Jason A. Ferrante, Wesley M. Daniel, Jonathan Freedman, K. Klymus, Matthew E. Neilson, Y. Passamaneck, Christopher Rees, Adam J. Sepulveda, Margaret E. Hunter","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"To advance national efforts for the detection and biosurveillance of aquatic invasive species (AIS), we employed a community consensus process to enable the incorporation of environmental DNA (eDNA) detection data into the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database (https://nas.er. usgs.gov/eDNA/). Our goal was to identify minimum standards and best practices for the verification of eDNA data by working closely with AIS eDNA community practitioners and natural resource managers across government, private and academic sectors. To better inform management decisions, verified AIS eDNA data will be displayed on a separate mapping layer alongside visual sighting data with the inclusion of additional information on the eDNA methods employed to collect and produce the data. To allow for eDNA data display, we produced consensus derived online documents including a submission application and data submission template and are developing a guidance document for detailing the eDNA data submission process. We also developed a communication plan including a mechanism for reporting detections to appropriate managers for consideration prior to display. The products of these efforts are an application and data submission process that will be used in the new environmental DNA data layer on the Nonindigenous Aquatic Species (NAS) database. Herein, we detail how we engaged the eDNA community for consensus of our standards, share lessons learned from the process, and describe the benefits of such an approach at instilling confidence among the research and decision-maker community.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2022.13.3.03
Abigail Kreuser
{"title":"Bird and rat carcass persistence in a Hawaiian rainforest managed for rodents using Goodnature A24 self-resetting traps","authors":"Abigail Kreuser","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2022.13.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2022.13.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.01
L. Vilizzi, M. Piria, G. Copp
Score-based decision-support tools are increasingly used to identify potentially invasive non-native species as part of the risk screening (initial risk identification) component of non-native species risk analysis. Amongst these tools are the Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) and its derivatives, e.g. the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK), which have been extensively used on a large variety of terrestrial and aquatic plants and of aquatic animals worldwide. In this paper, a correction is made to the previous guidance on the use of two separate thresholds to risk-rank species, i.e. one for current climate conditions (basic risk assessment: BRA threshold) and one for future climate conditions (BRA + climate change assessment: BRA+CCA threshold). Re-evaluation of this practice reveals that, to avoid the incorrect risk-ranking of species, only the BRA threshold should be used in all future applications of WRA-type toolkits that include a separate set of climate-change questions – at present, this involves the AS-ISK and the newly released Terrestrial Animal Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (TAS-ISK). As a result of this revised guidance, all published studies containing AS-ISK applications to date are reviewed here, and where approrpiate corrected risk ranks are provided for species that were risk-ranked using a BRA+CCA threshold. Corrections are also made whenever applicable to published errors or incorrect risk ranks based on the BRA threshold in the AS-ISK applications reviewed.
{"title":"Which calibrated threshold is appropriate for ranking non-native species using scores generated by WRA-type screening toolkits that assess risks under both current and future climate conditions?","authors":"L. Vilizzi, M. Piria, G. Copp","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2022.13.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Score-based decision-support tools are increasingly used to identify potentially invasive non-native species as part of the risk screening (initial risk identification) component of non-native species risk analysis. Amongst these tools are the Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) and its derivatives, e.g. the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK), which have been extensively used on a large variety of terrestrial and aquatic plants and of aquatic animals worldwide. In this paper, a correction is made to the previous guidance on the use of two separate thresholds to risk-rank species, i.e. one for current climate conditions (basic risk assessment: BRA threshold) and one for future climate conditions (BRA + climate change assessment: BRA+CCA threshold). Re-evaluation of this practice reveals that, to avoid the incorrect risk-ranking of species, only the BRA threshold should be used in all future applications of WRA-type toolkits that include a separate set of climate-change questions – at present, this involves the AS-ISK and the newly released Terrestrial Animal Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (TAS-ISK). As a result of this revised guidance, all published studies containing AS-ISK applications to date are reviewed here, and where approrpiate corrected risk ranks are provided for species that were risk-ranked using a BRA+CCA threshold. Corrections are also made whenever applicable to published errors or incorrect risk ranks based on the BRA threshold in the AS-ISK applications reviewed.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-05DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.11
H. Abdelrahman, Rebecca K. Gibson, Kaelyn J. Fogelman, Aaron R. Cupp, A. Allert, James A. Stoeckel
Invasive crayfish have adverse effects on habitats and native species. Control of invasive crayfish populations is a major challenge facing natural resource managers. This study evaluated the effectiveness and optimal conditions for the control agent carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which can be diffused into water to facilitate capture of red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ; RSC). The efficacy of CO 2 shows promise in its use for a variety of invasive aquatic species. Here, we evaluate CO 2 ’s ability to stimulate movements towards the shoreline and/or induce complete terrestrial emergence from outdoor ponds. Twelve pond trials were conducted using three, 0.02-ha experimental ponds at Auburn University, Alabama, USA. Silt fencing was installed on dry land around the perimeter of each pond with the lower 0.3 m of fencing accordion-folded to provide shelter and a collection point for emerging crayfish. Each pond was stocked with 100 RSC before testing. Experimental treatment ponds were then injected with gaseous CO 2 using porous air diffusers, whereas control ponds (C ponds) received no CO 2 . Multiple water quality parameters were monitored hourly. Three independent treatment scenarios with CO 2 diffusion were crayfish captured at the end of trial only (F: final), crayfish captured hourly (H: hourly), and incorporation of continuous inflow of fresh water at a flow rate of 0.2 L/s into the central catch basin to serve as a refuge with crayfish captured hourly (R: refuge). In control ponds, crayfish were captured at the end of trial only. In F ponds, CO 2 diffusion for approximately five hours caused a mean of 12% of total crayfish to emerge from the water. However, capture efficiency was increased to a mean of 45% of total crayfish by increasing collection frequency to every hour and netting submerged crayfish near the water edge in addition to capturing terrestrially emerged crayfish. Presence of a freshwater inflow reduced capture efficiency in R ponds relative to H ponds. Odds of capturing crayfish increased with increasing water temperature, CO 2 concentration, crayfish mass, and with decreasing pH. Based on results, we provide a set of predictive equations as well as interactive calculators to help natural resource managers explore several environmental and treatment-related scenarios that predict changes in capture probability in small research ponds. Carbon dioxide shows promises as a tool to increase capture rate of RSC. It is not likely to be 100% effective by itself, but could be a useful component of an integrated management strategy.
{"title":"Evaluation of dissolved carbon dioxide to stimulate emergence of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from infested ponds","authors":"H. Abdelrahman, Rebecca K. Gibson, Kaelyn J. Fogelman, Aaron R. Cupp, A. Allert, James A. Stoeckel","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive crayfish have adverse effects on habitats and native species. Control of invasive crayfish populations is a major challenge facing natural resource managers. This study evaluated the effectiveness and optimal conditions for the control agent carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which can be diffused into water to facilitate capture of red swamp crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ; RSC). The efficacy of CO 2 shows promise in its use for a variety of invasive aquatic species. Here, we evaluate CO 2 ’s ability to stimulate movements towards the shoreline and/or induce complete terrestrial emergence from outdoor ponds. Twelve pond trials were conducted using three, 0.02-ha experimental ponds at Auburn University, Alabama, USA. Silt fencing was installed on dry land around the perimeter of each pond with the lower 0.3 m of fencing accordion-folded to provide shelter and a collection point for emerging crayfish. Each pond was stocked with 100 RSC before testing. Experimental treatment ponds were then injected with gaseous CO 2 using porous air diffusers, whereas control ponds (C ponds) received no CO 2 . Multiple water quality parameters were monitored hourly. Three independent treatment scenarios with CO 2 diffusion were crayfish captured at the end of trial only (F: final), crayfish captured hourly (H: hourly), and incorporation of continuous inflow of fresh water at a flow rate of 0.2 L/s into the central catch basin to serve as a refuge with crayfish captured hourly (R: refuge). In control ponds, crayfish were captured at the end of trial only. In F ponds, CO 2 diffusion for approximately five hours caused a mean of 12% of total crayfish to emerge from the water. However, capture efficiency was increased to a mean of 45% of total crayfish by increasing collection frequency to every hour and netting submerged crayfish near the water edge in addition to capturing terrestrially emerged crayfish. Presence of a freshwater inflow reduced capture efficiency in R ponds relative to H ponds. Odds of capturing crayfish increased with increasing water temperature, CO 2 concentration, crayfish mass, and with decreasing pH. Based on results, we provide a set of predictive equations as well as interactive calculators to help natural resource managers explore several environmental and treatment-related scenarios that predict changes in capture probability in small research ponds. Carbon dioxide shows promises as a tool to increase capture rate of RSC. It is not likely to be 100% effective by itself, but could be a useful component of an integrated management strategy.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49553520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.17
S. Siers, Scott M. Goetz, Rachel Volsteadt, Melia G. Nafus
The brown treesnake ( Boiga irregularis ) was accidentally introduced to Guam and caused severe ecological and economic damages. Acetaminophen is an effective, low-risk oral toxicant for invasive brown treesnakes, and an automated aerial delivery system (ADS) has been developed for landscape-scale toxic bait distribution. A fixed dose of 80 mg of acetaminophen within a tablet inserted into a dead neonatal mouse (DNM) was lethal for all brown treesnakes in previous trials; however, these trials did not include very large individuals which are difficult to acquire for testing. Because most reptiles continue to grow throughout their lifespan, a small number reach much greater than average body sizes. Here, we tested effectiveness of 80 mg acetaminophen DNM baits for unusually large brown treesnakes as they became available. Our results confirmed that an 80 mg dose is lethal for the vast majority of snakes on Guam, but efficacy starts to diminish around 200 g of body mass. We also tested an alternative mouse bait configuration with 160 mg of acetaminophen that could be incorporated into the ADS to improve control of unusually large snakes. The 160 mg dose is expected to be effective for nearly all female snakes; males grow much larger and additional methods will be needed for extraordinarily large individuals. We describe a full dose-response curve for brown treesnakes to acetaminophen tablets and estimate the LD 90 at 299 mg/kg and the LD 99 at 578 mg/kg. To our knowledge, this is the first published dose-response curve for an invasive vertebrate with indeterminate growth.
{"title":"Evaluating lethal toxicant doses for the largest individuals of an invasive vertebrate predator with indeterminate growth","authors":"S. Siers, Scott M. Goetz, Rachel Volsteadt, Melia G. Nafus","doi":"10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/MBI.2021.12.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"The brown treesnake ( Boiga irregularis ) was accidentally introduced to Guam and caused severe ecological and economic damages. Acetaminophen is an effective, low-risk oral toxicant for invasive brown treesnakes, and an automated aerial delivery system (ADS) has been developed for landscape-scale toxic bait distribution. A fixed dose of 80 mg of acetaminophen within a tablet inserted into a dead neonatal mouse (DNM) was lethal for all brown treesnakes in previous trials; however, these trials did not include very large individuals which are difficult to acquire for testing. Because most reptiles continue to grow throughout their lifespan, a small number reach much greater than average body sizes. Here, we tested effectiveness of 80 mg acetaminophen DNM baits for unusually large brown treesnakes as they became available. Our results confirmed that an 80 mg dose is lethal for the vast majority of snakes on Guam, but efficacy starts to diminish around 200 g of body mass. We also tested an alternative mouse bait configuration with 160 mg of acetaminophen that could be incorporated into the ADS to improve control of unusually large snakes. The 160 mg dose is expected to be effective for nearly all female snakes; males grow much larger and additional methods will be needed for extraordinarily large individuals. We describe a full dose-response curve for brown treesnakes to acetaminophen tablets and estimate the LD 90 at 299 mg/kg and the LD 99 at 578 mg/kg. To our knowledge, this is the first published dose-response curve for an invasive vertebrate with indeterminate growth.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69554883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.11
Peter J. Kappes, Shane R. Siers
Removing invasive rats from island ecosystems using rodenticides has proven conservation benefits and is an important management tool for conserving and restoring island ecosystems. However, rodenticide-based eradications can fail if not all rats consume enough bait to result in lethal toxicosis. A recent post-operational review of a failed attempt to eradicate rats from Wake Atoll suggested that some individuals may not have ingested a lethal dose of rodenticide due to potential dietary and/or sensory preferences developed via regular access to anthropogenic food sources. These food sources may be higher in fats and oils, possessing different sensory properties (e.g., softer, chewier, etc.) than the harder pellet formulation of the rodenticide Brodifacoum 25W Conservation (B-25W) used in the eradication attempt. To test this theory, we captured rats from two areas on Wake Island where they may have regular access to human food sources, as well as an uninhabited part of island where rats presumably have less access to human-based food sources and therefore are less likely to be preconditioned for these food types. We subjected them to a head-to-head two-choice bait selection trial between a “soft” sachet formulation of a brodifacoum-based bait, FINAL Soft Bait with Lumitrack ® (FINAL), versus the harder pellet formulation of B-25W. Regardless of which habitat rats were captured in, rats overwhelmingly preferred the pellet formulation. No rats in the head-to-head trail consumed any of the FINAL bait, and 100% of the rats that consumed B-25W died. Of the rats in a separate no-choice trail of just FINAL bait, 5 failed to eat any bait; of the rats that did consume some of the FINAL bait, 80% died. Our results demonstrate that Polynesian rats on Wake Atoll do not prefer this soft formulation of brodifacoum-based rodenticide bait. Our results suggest that baiting strategies in the inhabited regions of the atoll, for a proposed eradication attempt, should continue to focus on utilizing traditional pellet formulations. While these results are unequivocal in our test case, we suggest caution in making inference to other situations where dietary preferences of local rodent populations may differ, and local environmental conditions may make other baiting choices more appropriate and efficacious.
{"title":"Relative acceptance of brodifacoum pellets and soft bait sachets by Polynesian rats (Rattus exulans) on Wake Atoll","authors":"Peter J. Kappes, Shane R. Siers","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Removing invasive rats from island ecosystems using rodenticides has proven conservation benefits and is an important management tool for conserving and restoring island ecosystems. However, rodenticide-based eradications can fail if not all rats consume enough bait to result in lethal toxicosis. A recent post-operational review of a failed attempt to eradicate rats from Wake Atoll suggested that some individuals may not have ingested a lethal dose of rodenticide due to potential dietary and/or sensory preferences developed via regular access to anthropogenic food sources. These food sources may be higher in fats and oils, possessing different sensory properties (e.g., softer, chewier, etc.) than the harder pellet formulation of the rodenticide Brodifacoum 25W Conservation (B-25W) used in the eradication attempt. To test this theory, we captured rats from two areas on Wake Island where they may have regular access to human food sources, as well as an uninhabited part of island where rats presumably have less access to human-based food sources and therefore are less likely to be preconditioned for these food types. We subjected them to a head-to-head two-choice bait selection trial between a “soft” sachet formulation of a brodifacoum-based bait, FINAL Soft Bait with Lumitrack ® (FINAL), versus the harder pellet formulation of B-25W. Regardless of which habitat rats were captured in, rats overwhelmingly preferred the pellet formulation. No rats in the head-to-head trail consumed any of the FINAL bait, and 100% of the rats that consumed B-25W died. Of the rats in a separate no-choice trail of just FINAL bait, 5 failed to eat any bait; of the rats that did consume some of the FINAL bait, 80% died. Our results demonstrate that Polynesian rats on Wake Atoll do not prefer this soft formulation of brodifacoum-based rodenticide bait. Our results suggest that baiting strategies in the inhabited regions of the atoll, for a proposed eradication attempt, should continue to focus on utilizing traditional pellet formulations. While these results are unequivocal in our test case, we suggest caution in making inference to other situations where dietary preferences of local rodent populations may differ, and local environmental conditions may make other baiting choices more appropriate and efficacious.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69554981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.06
Simon Ernstsons, Mei-Ying Lin, You Li, J. Hulcr
A small number of longhorn beetle species (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea: Cerambycidae) have the potential to become invasive forest pests. International trade in live plants and wood packaging material are known invasion pathways for longhorn beetles. Once an invasive pest is intercepted in a new region, a rapid pest risk analysis is often needed to determine the appropriate response. For accurate risk quantification, natural history evidence is necessary. This information is also vital in preventing introduction. This study gathered insect collection data, especially references to host plants, of xylophagous longhorn beetles from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Beetle associations with three important host groups were investigated: Fagaceae, Citrus spp., and avocado (Persea americana). We performed a systematic literature review to identify previously documented cerambycidae associated with these plants. Here, we report insect-plant host associations for 39 species of longhorn beetles based on a review of the literature; 43 interactions were documented, 10 interactions were novel. No host associations were recorded with avocado in China. This information serves as a foundation for pest risk analysis in determining threats posed by potentially invasive longhorn beetles into new regions.
{"title":"Host associations between xylophagous longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and American commodity tree species from Chinese collection sources","authors":"Simon Ernstsons, Mei-Ying Lin, You Li, J. Hulcr","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"A small number of longhorn beetle species (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea: Cerambycidae) have the potential to become invasive forest pests. International trade in live plants and wood packaging material are known invasion pathways for longhorn beetles. Once an invasive pest is intercepted in a new region, a rapid pest risk analysis is often needed to determine the appropriate response. For accurate risk quantification, natural history evidence is necessary. This information is also vital in preventing introduction. This study gathered insect collection data, especially references to host plants, of xylophagous longhorn beetles from the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Beetle associations with three important host groups were investigated: Fagaceae, Citrus spp., and avocado (Persea americana). We performed a systematic literature review to identify previously documented cerambycidae associated with these plants. Here, we report insect-plant host associations for 39 species of longhorn beetles based on a review of the literature; 43 interactions were documented, 10 interactions were novel. No host associations were recorded with avocado in China. This information serves as a foundation for pest risk analysis in determining threats posed by potentially invasive longhorn beetles into new regions.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.05
Zhi Ting Yip, C. Lim, Y. C. Tay, Y. Tan, S. Beng, K. Tun, S. Teo, Danwei Huang
The American charru mussel Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) is an invasive species of great concern along the shores of North America and Asia. As with most invasive mussels, it is very difficult to eradicate once established. Surveillance therefore plays a vital role in controlling its spread. Molecular tools like environmental DNA (eDNA) have proved to be useful in recent years to assist in the early detection and management of invasive species, with considerable advantages over conventional methods like substrate monitoring and sampling, which can be relatively laborious and time-intensive. This technique can be particularly useful in the initial stages of invasion when the population density is often too low to be detected by visual surveys alone. In the present study, we developed a species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approach targeting a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA fragment aimed at detecting the presence of M. strigata from water samples. We also investigated the relationship between mussel cover and eDNA concentration. Our approach was tested on coastal seawater samples from 14 sites in Singapore, supported by conventional visual quadrat surveys. The results showed clear, positive M. strigata eDNA detection for all sites where this species was observed visually during field surveys. However, there was a weakly negative correlation between percent mussel cover and eDNA concentration, indicating that mussel abundance could not be estimated reliably using seawater eDNA alone. Nevertheless, this study underscores the effectiveness of eDNA in informing the presence and distribution of M. strigata along extensive coastlines comprising different habitats. This approach contributes to a robust toolkit for routine surveillance at sites where invasion may be impending to control the spread of the invasive mussel.
{"title":"Environmental DNA detection of the invasive mussel Mytella strigata as a surveillance tool","authors":"Zhi Ting Yip, C. Lim, Y. C. Tay, Y. Tan, S. Beng, K. Tun, S. Teo, Danwei Huang","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"The American charru mussel Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) is an invasive species of great concern along the shores of North America and Asia. As with most invasive mussels, it is very difficult to eradicate once established. Surveillance therefore plays a vital role in controlling its spread. Molecular tools like environmental DNA (eDNA) have proved to be useful in recent years to assist in the early detection and management of invasive species, with considerable advantages over conventional methods like substrate monitoring and sampling, which can be relatively laborious and time-intensive. This technique can be particularly useful in the initial stages of invasion when the population density is often too low to be detected by visual surveys alone. In the present study, we developed a species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approach targeting a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) DNA fragment aimed at detecting the presence of M. strigata from water samples. We also investigated the relationship between mussel cover and eDNA concentration. Our approach was tested on coastal seawater samples from 14 sites in Singapore, supported by conventional visual quadrat surveys. The results showed clear, positive M. strigata eDNA detection for all sites where this species was observed visually during field surveys. However, there was a weakly negative correlation between percent mussel cover and eDNA concentration, indicating that mussel abundance could not be estimated reliably using seawater eDNA alone. Nevertheless, this study underscores the effectiveness of eDNA in informing the presence and distribution of M. strigata along extensive coastlines comprising different habitats. This approach contributes to a robust toolkit for routine surveillance at sites where invasion may be impending to control the spread of the invasive mussel.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.12
Jake T. Kvistad, T. Galarowicz, D. Clapp, L. Chadderton, Andrew J. Tucker, M. Herbert
High densities of invasive rusty crayfish on critical spawning reefs present a potential impediment to the recovery of native fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Suppression of rusty crayfish on spawning reefs to protect fall spawning native fishes in the Great Lakes is hampered by regular storm events and ambient weather conditions, limiting the number of practical days traps can be checked, cleared, and re-baited. The Gee minnow trap design is the most common gear for sampling and managing crayfish, yet design constraints of the standard Gee minnow trap manifest as tradeoffs between capture efficiency and retention for users. In this study, we compared catch rates from a semi-controlled field experiment and escapement probabilities from laboratory controlled trials for a Gee minnow trap, a modified Gee minnow trap with intention to reduce escapement, and an experimental flat-bottomed pyramid design which showed potential promise during prototype-stage development. Bayesian parameter estimation of generalized linear models applied to catch data suggested that standard Gee minnow traps performed at least as well and often better than both novel trap designs in catch rate and escapement probability. Escapement during laboratory controlled trials was high for all trap designs, demonstrating that retention of trapped individuals is a persistent problem for crayfish monitoring and management. We conclude from our data that standard Gee minnow traps are a sensible gear choice for monitoring and/or potential suppression efforts for invasive rusty crayfish on nearshore spawning reefs in the Great Lakes. However, modifications to its design to improve retention should yet be pursued.
{"title":"An evaluation of three trap designs for invasive rusty crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) suppression on critical fish spawning habitat in northern Lake Michigan","authors":"Jake T. Kvistad, T. Galarowicz, D. Clapp, L. Chadderton, Andrew J. Tucker, M. Herbert","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"High densities of invasive rusty crayfish on critical spawning reefs present a potential impediment to the recovery of native fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Suppression of rusty crayfish on spawning reefs to protect fall spawning native fishes in the Great Lakes is hampered by regular storm events and ambient weather conditions, limiting the number of practical days traps can be checked, cleared, and re-baited. The Gee minnow trap design is the most common gear for sampling and managing crayfish, yet design constraints of the standard Gee minnow trap manifest as tradeoffs between capture efficiency and retention for users. In this study, we compared catch rates from a semi-controlled field experiment and escapement probabilities from laboratory controlled trials for a Gee minnow trap, a modified Gee minnow trap with intention to reduce escapement, and an experimental flat-bottomed pyramid design which showed potential promise during prototype-stage development. Bayesian parameter estimation of generalized linear models applied to catch data suggested that standard Gee minnow traps performed at least as well and often better than both novel trap designs in catch rate and escapement probability. Escapement during laboratory controlled trials was high for all trap designs, demonstrating that retention of trapped individuals is a persistent problem for crayfish monitoring and management. We conclude from our data that standard Gee minnow traps are a sensible gear choice for monitoring and/or potential suppression efforts for invasive rusty crayfish on nearshore spawning reefs in the Great Lakes. However, modifications to its design to improve retention should yet be pursued.","PeriodicalId":54262,"journal":{"name":"Management of Biological Invasions","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69555312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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