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Habitual Caffeine Consumption and Training Status Affect the Ergogenicity of Acute Caffeine Intake on Exercise Performance.
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/19417381251315093
Davar Khodadadi, Farhad Azimi, Abdorreza Eghbal Moghanlou, Recep Gursoy, Abdullah Demirli, Parham Jalali, Reza Behdari, Maryam Seyedheydari

Background: Acute caffeine ingestion can improve exercise performance. Interplay between caffeine habituation and training status on the performance-enhancing effect of caffeine is unknown.

Hypothesis: Habitual caffeine consumption and training status affect the ergogenicity of pre-exercise caffeine intake on exercise performance.

Study design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced experimental design.

Level of evidence: Level 3.

Methods: Eighty physically inactive men were randomized into 1 of 4 groups: caffeine supplementation (CAF), caffeine supplementation + exercise training (CAFEXE), placebo (PLA), and placebo + exercise training (PLAEXE); high-intensity interval training and caffeine were administered for 9 and 8 weeks, respectively. Data were collected pre-test, mid-test, post-test, and delayed post-test, each including 2 experiment sessions (3 mg/kg caffeine or placebo), with an additional experiment session post-test (6 mg/kg caffeine). In each experiment session, 45-min after consuming a placebo or caffeine, a 3-km running test and a Wingate power test were performed.

Results: Pre-exercise ingestion of 3 mg/kg caffeine improved 3-km running time and mean power output (MPO) in all groups at all stages (P < 0.05); this effect was higher in trained than in untrained volunteers (P < 0.05). Habitual caffeine consumption reduced the ergogenic effect of caffeine in both aerobic and anaerobic trials (P < 0.05); 6 mg/kg caffeine enhanced this decrease only in CAFEXE (P < 0.05). Short-term caffeine withdrawal augmented the reduced ergogenic effect of caffeine on 3-km running performance and MPO in CAF and CAFEXE (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Habituation to caffeine and training status could partially influence the ergogenic effects of caffeine on exercise performance.

Clinical relevance: Regular caffeine consumption leads to some degree of tolerance and decreases its ergogenicity. A pre-exercise increase in caffeine dosage in trained people and short-term caffeine withdrawal in both trained and untrained people could compensate for the reduced caffeine ergogenicity in young men.

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引用次数: 0
Impact of High-Intensity Interval Exercise With Elastic Bands Versus Continuous Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Glycemic Control in People With Type 1 Diabetes.
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/19417381251316247
Rodrigo Martín-San Agustín, Alba Cuerda Del Pino, Alejandro José Laguna Sanz, Ana Palanca, Paolo Rossetti, Cynthia Marco Romero, Jorge Bondia, F Javier Ampudia-Blasco

Background: Engaging in physical exercise is recommended to enhance cardiovascular health and manage blood sugar levels in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Hypothesis: The impact of high-intensity interval exercise with elastic bands (EB-HIIE) versus continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CONT) on glycemic control is different in men with T1D.

Study design: Crossover study design.

Level of evidence: Level 3.

Methods: Participants (39 men with T1D) underwent either an EB-HIIE or a CONT session in randomized order, with a separation of ≥72 hours to avoid carry-over effects. Changes in glucose values during exercise were measured simultaneously from venous blood (YSI) and interstitial fluid (Dexcom G6 glucose sensor). Subsequent 24-hour glucose was monitored using the glucose sensor.

Results: Blood glucose was lower in CONT vs EB-HIIE (P < .01). Post hoc analysis revealed clinically relevant differences during exercise (-35.1 mg/dl; P = .02), at its end (-49.5 mg/dl; P < .01), and at 10 and 20 minutes after completion (-51.2 mg/dl; P < .01 and -45.9 mg/dl; P < .01, respectively). Time-in-range 24 hours after exercise completion was significantly higher with EB-HIIE than with CONT (66.5% vs 59.3%), although both were significantly better than the previous 24 hours before exercise (50%).

Conclusion: Results suggest that EB-HIIE is a safe training method for male adults with diabetes, resulting in euglycemia during and immediately after exercise and improving glucose outcomes in the subsequent 24 hours.

Clinical relevance: This study provides new evidence and practical information on how to implement safe physical activity in daily life of patients with diabetes. EB-HIIT exhibited lower hypoglycemia risk during exercise and better glycemic control in the subsequent 24 hours. In contrast, practicing CONT exercise is associated with higher risk of hypoglycemia. Healthcare providers should take this information into account when prescribing exercise.

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引用次数: 0
Physiological Characteristics of Young (9-12 Years) and Adolescent (≥13 Years) Rhythmic, Acrobatic, and Artistic Female Gymnasts.
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1177/19417381251314077
Nili Steinberg, Liav Elbaz, Gali Dar, Dan Nemet, Alon Eliakim

Background: Elite gymnasts are exposed to high levels of physical stress, during both childhood and adolescence, with significantly late maturation and high injury prevalence. Here, we compare the physiological characteristics of female gymnasts in 2 age groups: young (9-12 years) and adolescent (≥13 years) in 3 disciplines of competitive gymnastics.

Hypothesis: Participants' physiological characteristics will differ by age group and by gymnastic discipline.

Study design: Cohort study.

Level of evidence: Level 2.

Methods: The study included 274 gymnasts, aged 11.8 ± 1.9 years. Data collection included anthropometric measures, Tanner stage, and menarche age; ultrasound assessments were used to assess bone properties, including bone strength, skeletal age, and final-height prediction.

Results: Univariate analysis of variance showed age × discipline interactions for body mass index (BMI) percentiles (F(2, 266) = 4.379; P = 0.01), skeletal age (F(2, 241) = 3.808; P = 0.02), and final-height prediction (F(2, 240) = 3.377, P = 0.04). Moreover, in both age groups, artistic gymnasts exhibited significantly higher BMI percentiles than rhythmic gymnasts (P < 0.05). In the adolescent group, final-height prediction for rhythmic gymnasts was significantly greater than that of artistic gymnasts (P < 0.05). Finally, in adolescent gymnasts, regression lines showed that skeletal age was lower than chronological age (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Artistic gymnasts were shorter than rhythmic and acrobatic gymnasts. Despite similar BMI and body fat, maturity patterns, and training-volume history, artistic gymnasts had lower bone-strength than rhythmic and acrobatic gymnasts. Combined with their high-impact and intensive training, this could increase their risk of musculoskeletal injuries.

Clinical relevance: The current study may help athletic trainers and medical teams define "norms" for different age groups and gymnastic disciplines, based on what may be expected during the athletes' early and late maturation. This knowledge can be used to modify, individualize, and optimize training programs.

背景:体操精英运动员在童年和青春期都承受着很大的身体压力,成熟期明显较晚,受伤率很高。在此,我们比较了竞技体操 3 个项目中 2 个年龄组:年轻组(9-12 岁)和青春期组(≥13 岁)女子体操运动员的生理特征:研究设计:队列研究:研究设计:队列研究:证据等级:2 级:研究对象包括 274 名体操运动员,年龄为 11.8 ± 1.9 岁。数据收集包括人体测量、坦纳阶段和初潮年龄;超声波评估用于评估骨骼特性,包括骨强度、骨骼年龄和最终身高预测:单变量方差分析显示,在体重指数(BMI)百分位数(F(2, 266) = 4.379; P = 0.01)、骨骼年龄(F(2, 241) = 3.808; P = 0.02)和最终身高预测(F(2, 240) = 3.377, P = 0.04)方面,年龄与学科存在交互作用。此外,在两个年龄组中,艺术体操运动员的体重指数百分位数都明显高于韵律体操运动员(P < 0.05)。在青少年组中,韵律操运动员的最终身高预测值明显高于艺术体操运动员(P < 0.05)。最后,在青少年体操运动员中,回归线显示骨骼年龄低于计时年龄(P < 0.05):结论:艺术体操运动员比韵律操和杂技体操运动员身材矮小。结论:艺术体操运动员比韵律操和杂技体操运动员身材矮小,尽管他们的体重指数(BMI)和体脂、成熟模式和训练量历史相似,但他们的骨骼强度却低于韵律操和杂技体操运动员。再加上他们的高冲击力和高强度训练,这可能会增加他们肌肉骨骼受伤的风险:本研究可帮助运动训练员和医疗团队根据运动员早期和晚期成熟期的预期,为不同年龄组和体操项目确定 "标准"。这些知识可用于修改、个性化和优化训练计划。
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引用次数: 0
Catastrophic Severe Injuries and Medical Conditions in Girls' and Women's Softball: An 8-Year Epidemiologic Study.
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1177/19417381251314019
Chelsea Martin, Kathryn Osterhout, Erin Shore, Randi Delong, Johna Mihalik, Kristen Kucera

Background: Research on catastrophic injuries and medical conditions among majority girls' and women's sports are underrepresented. In this study, we describe the incidence, characteristics, and mechanisms of severe softball injuries/medical conditions between 2014 and 2021.

Hypothesis: Catastrophic injury and illness patterns will be observed with a higher incidence rate at the collegiate level.

Study design: Descriptive epidemiologic study.

Level of evidence: Level 3.

Methods: Events from the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research (NCCSIR) and National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) were included. NCCSIR included catastrophic injuries during participation in high school (HS) or college sponsored girls'/women's softball resulting in death, temporary or permanent disability, or life-threatening injury. NEISS included severe girls'/women's softball injuries (product code 5034) among 13- to 17- and 18- to 24-year-olds among severe dispositions. National estimates were derived using a weighted sample for NEISS. Counts (%) and incidence rates (IR) per 100,000 participants overall and by age level, injury/medical event, and outcome were reported.

Results: NCCSIR captured 0.3 events per 100,000 participants (95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.5), and incidence was higher in college (IR, 2.5; 0.9-6.6) compared with HS (IR, 0.1; 0.1-0.4). Sudden cardiac arrest was the most common event (5, 63%), and 2 (25%) fatalities were reported. NEISS captured 10.2 events per 100,000 participants (9.7-10.8). Incidence was higher in 18- to 24-year-olds (IR, 8.9; 8.3-9.6) compared with 13- to 17-year-olds (IR, 4.2; 3.8-4.6), and no fatalities were captured.

Conclusion: Collegiate and 18- to 24-year-old athletes demonstrated a higher incidence of severe injuries than HS and 13- to 17-year-old athletes across both surveillance systems. NEISS captured a higher incidence of catastrophic events than NCCSIR. NCCSIR observed more cardiac events, whereas NEISS observed more head/face injuries.

Clinical relevance: Continued monitoring of severe injuries and medical events in softball is necessary to support response and prevention measures.

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引用次数: 0
Variations in Neuromuscular Functions After Platelet-Rich Plasma and Dextrose Injections in Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Controlled Study.
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1177/19417381251314056
Yueh Chen, Chih-Kai Hong, Kai-Lan Hsu, Fa-Chuan Kuan, Wei-Ren Su, Yi-Ching Chen, Ing-Shiou Hwang

Background: Lateral epicondylitis is caused by overuse and manifests as pain, weakness, and difficulty with object manipulation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and dextrose injections have shown promise in reducing pain and improving function.

Hypothesis: PRP is more effective for force precision control of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle than dextrose injection for patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis (CLE).

Study design: Randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.

Level of evidence: Level 1.

Methods: A total of 62 participants (25 healthy subjects and 37 CLE patients) were assigned randomly to either PRP (19) or dextrose (18) groups. Assessments included maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), wrist extension force, questionnaires, sonography, and electromyography assessments.

Results: PRP and dextrose had similar effects on clinical questionnaire scores. Compared with pre-test values, only PRP demonstrated a significant increase in MVC (PRP, 75.3 ± 107.7%; P < 0.01; dextrose, 34.0 ± 66.1%; P = 0.08), and greater reduction in force fluctuations (PRP, -27.4 ± 13.3%; P < 0.01; dextrose, -5.4 ± 33.2%; P = 0.22) during post-test wrist extension. After treatment, the PRP group experienced a roughly 41.7% increase in motor units (MUs) with recruitment thresholds (Rec_TH) (pre-test, 3.67 ± 6.15% MVC; post-test, 5.20 ± 8.02% MVC; P < 0.01). The dextrose group showed no significant change (-3.74%) in MU Rec_THs (pre-test, 3.48 ± 6.80% MVC; post-test, 3.35 ± 6.62% MVC; P = 0.75). PRP increased the MU discharge rate with Rec_THs at <30% MVC, whereas dextrose administration elevated MU discharge rate with Rec_THs >20% MVC.

Conclusion: PRP may be more effective than dextrose in improving neuromuscular control of the ECRB muscle, particularly for enhancing the scaling of force during wrist extension, attributed to distinct MU activation strategies.

Clinical relevance: Detailed comparison and head-to-head analysis of PRP and dextrose injections offers more options for patients considering injections.

{"title":"Variations in Neuromuscular Functions After Platelet-Rich Plasma and Dextrose Injections in Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Yueh Chen, Chih-Kai Hong, Kai-Lan Hsu, Fa-Chuan Kuan, Wei-Ren Su, Yi-Ching Chen, Ing-Shiou Hwang","doi":"10.1177/19417381251314056","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251314056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lateral epicondylitis is caused by overuse and manifests as pain, weakness, and difficulty with object manipulation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and dextrose injections have shown promise in reducing pain and improving function.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>PRP is more effective for force precision control of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle than dextrose injection for patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis (CLE).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 1.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 62 participants (25 healthy subjects and 37 CLE patients) were assigned randomly to either PRP (19) or dextrose (18) groups. Assessments included maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), wrist extension force, questionnaires, sonography, and electromyography assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PRP and dextrose had similar effects on clinical questionnaire scores. Compared with pre-test values, only PRP demonstrated a significant increase in MVC (PRP, 75.3 ± 107.7%; <i>P</i> < 0.01; dextrose, 34.0 ± 66.1%; <i>P</i> = 0.08), and greater reduction in force fluctuations (PRP, -27.4 ± 13.3%; <i>P</i> < 0.01; dextrose, -5.4 ± 33.2%; <i>P</i> = 0.22) during post-test wrist extension. After treatment, the PRP group experienced a roughly 41.7% increase in motor units (MUs) with recruitment thresholds (Rec_TH) (pre-test, 3.67 ± 6.15% MVC; post-test, 5.20 ± 8.02% MVC; <i>P</i> < 0.01). The dextrose group showed no significant change (-3.74%) in MU Rec_THs (pre-test, 3.48 ± 6.80% MVC; post-test, 3.35 ± 6.62% MVC; <i>P</i> = 0.75). PRP increased the MU discharge rate with Rec_THs at <30% MVC, whereas dextrose administration elevated MU discharge rate with Rec_THs >20% MVC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRP may be more effective than dextrose in improving neuromuscular control of the ECRB muscle, particularly for enhancing the scaling of force during wrist extension, attributed to distinct MU activation strategies.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Detailed comparison and head-to-head analysis of PRP and dextrose injections offers more options for patients considering injections.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251314056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Know the Score: Empowering Sport Choices With a Straightforward Solution.
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241313374
Daniel Walker, Jade L Jukes

Risk factors associated with depression in athletes include biological sex, physical pain, and history of sport-related concussion (SRC). However, although there are well-documented benefits of sport and physical activity on mental health, many sportspeople still take the risk of competing in contact sports. Therefore, this infographic, supported by scientific evidence, aims to provide sportspeople with an informed decision on their participation. This infographic can be used by sports clubs or governing bodies to illustrate the risk that SRC has on the mental health of sportspeople. Likewise, it highlights the elevated risk of being in physical pain and being a female sportsperson. Therefore, this infographic provides a simple message to enhance the decision-making process of sportspeople, ensuring they are making a better-informed choice of their sporting participation and making their own cost/reward judgment.

{"title":"Know the Score: Empowering Sport Choices With a Straightforward Solution.","authors":"Daniel Walker, Jade L Jukes","doi":"10.1177/19417381241313374","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241313374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk factors associated with depression in athletes include biological sex, physical pain, and history of sport-related concussion (SRC). However, although there are well-documented benefits of sport and physical activity on mental health, many sportspeople still take the risk of competing in contact sports. Therefore, this infographic, supported by scientific evidence, aims to provide sportspeople with an informed decision on their participation. This infographic can be used by sports clubs or governing bodies to illustrate the risk that SRC has on the mental health of sportspeople. Likewise, it highlights the elevated risk of being in physical pain and being a female sportsperson. Therefore, this infographic provides a simple message to enhance the decision-making process of sportspeople, ensuring they are making a better-informed choice of their sporting participation and making their own cost/reward judgment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381241313374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Orthopaedic Sports Injuries in an Aging Population: Current Trends and Future Projections.
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1177/19417381251314078
Jay M Zaifman, Martinus Megalla, Zachary Grace, Nareena Imam, John D Koerner, Eitan Kohan, Francis G Alberta

Background: The elderly US population is growing quickly and staying active longer. However, there is limited information on sports-related injuries in older adults.

Hypotheses: (1) National estimate and incidence of sports-related orthopaedic injuries in the US elderly population have increased over the last 10 years, (2) types and causes of sports-related injuries in the elderly have changed, and (3) elderly sports-related injuries will increase more than the number of treating physicians by 2040.

Study design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Level of evidence: Level 4.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to identify all patients aged ≥65 years with sports-related orthopaedic injuries in US emergency departments from 2012 to 2021. Surgeon and physician estimates were calculated using the Physician Compare database. Population data were obtained from US Census estimates and used to calculate annual incidence rates of injuries and to project total injuries through 2040. Injury characteristics were analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests and Chi-square or Fisher exact tests.

Results: An estimated 444,078 sports-related orthopaedic injuries occurred in the elderly from 2012 to 2021. There were significant increases in injuries (from 32,573 in 2012 to 50,909 in 2021; P < 0.01) and in the national incidence of injuries (from 78 per 100,000 in 2012 to 91 per 100,000 in 2021; P = 0.01). The number of sports-related injuries in the elderly is projected to reach 111,245 by 2040, an increase of 119% from 2021. The number of orthopaedic surgeons and sports medicine physicians is projected to increase by only 19.7% over the same timeperiod.

Conclusion: Sports-related orthopaedic injuries in the elderly are increasing in both number and incidence.

Clinical relevance: Orthopaedic surgeons and other practitioners should be prepared to treat an increasing number of active elderly patients.

{"title":"Orthopaedic Sports Injuries in an Aging Population: Current Trends and Future Projections.","authors":"Jay M Zaifman, Martinus Megalla, Zachary Grace, Nareena Imam, John D Koerner, Eitan Kohan, Francis G Alberta","doi":"10.1177/19417381251314078","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251314078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The elderly US population is growing quickly and staying active longer. However, there is limited information on sports-related injuries in older adults.</p><p><strong>Hypotheses: </strong>(1) National estimate and incidence of sports-related orthopaedic injuries in the US elderly population have increased over the last 10 years, (2) types and causes of sports-related injuries in the elderly have changed, and (3) elderly sports-related injuries will increase more than the number of treating physicians by 2040.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive epidemiology study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to identify all patients aged ≥65 years with sports-related orthopaedic injuries in US emergency departments from 2012 to 2021. Surgeon and physician estimates were calculated using the Physician Compare database. Population data were obtained from US Census estimates and used to calculate annual incidence rates of injuries and to project total injuries through 2040. Injury characteristics were analyzed using Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests and Chi-square or Fisher exact tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An estimated 444,078 sports-related orthopaedic injuries occurred in the elderly from 2012 to 2021. There were significant increases in injuries (from 32,573 in 2012 to 50,909 in 2021; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and in the national incidence of injuries (from 78 per 100,000 in 2012 to 91 per 100,000 in 2021; <i>P</i> = 0.01). The number of sports-related injuries in the elderly is projected to reach 111,245 by 2040, an increase of 119% from 2021. The number of orthopaedic surgeons and sports medicine physicians is projected to increase by only 19.7% over the same timeperiod.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sports-related orthopaedic injuries in the elderly are increasing in both number and incidence.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Orthopaedic surgeons and other practitioners should be prepared to treat an increasing number of active elderly patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251314078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correlation of King-Devick Test and Helmet Impact Exposures Over a Youth Football Season. King-Devick试验与青少年足球赛季头盔撞击暴露的相关性研究。
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241309956
Jennifer R Maynard, Jeffrey P Nadwodny, Irvin S Haak, Kristina F DeMatas, Raul A Rosario-Concepcion, LaRae Seemann, George G A Pujalte

Background: The cumulative effect of repetitive subconcussive head impacts on neurocognitive function during youth contact sports remains largely unknown. There is a paucity of literature evaluating cumulative helmet forces over a season and their correlation with preseason and postseason cognitive performance tasks such as the King-Devick test (KDT).

Hypothesis: Higher helmet forces recorded throughout a 10-week, 10-game youth football season would correlate with slower performance on postseason KDT.

Study design: Prospective cohort study.

Level of evidence: Level 3.

Methods: A cohort of 58 youth football players (ages 9-13 years) underwent pre- and postseason KDT. Players wore SpeedFlex helmets (Riddell) fitted with InSite Impact Response System helmet accelerometers (Riddell) which recorded impacts of ≥15g. Head impacts were tallied over a season and assigned a score of 1, 2, or 3 based on magnitude of g forces. Suspected concussions were correlated with KDT times and recorded instances of head impact. Pre- and postseason KDT scores were compared.

Results: During the season, 2013 head impacts were recorded. Median (range) total cumulative force score was 24 (5-476); 6 players sustained head impacts concerning for concussion, and 4 were clinically diagnosed with concussions. Overall, postseason KDT times improved compared with preseason, with a median (range) change of -4.8 seconds (-7.6, -1.1). Analysis showed no correlation between changes in KDT time and total cumulative force score over the season.

Conclusion: KDT times in youth football players did not change significantly based on head impact exposure over a single youth football season; most players' KDT times improved from preseason to postseason.

Clinical relevance: Although our study did not show significant cognitive impact as measured by KDT over a single youth football season, the long-term effects of concussion on the immature brain and how it can impact cognitive development remains largely unknown and should be an area of ongoing study.

背景:在青少年接触性运动中,反复的头部次震荡对神经认知功能的累积影响在很大程度上仍然未知。目前缺乏评估一个赛季累积头盔力及其与季前赛和季后赛认知表现任务(如King-Devick测试(KDT))的相关性的文献。假设:在为期10周,10场比赛的青少年足球赛季中,较高的头盔力记录与季后赛KDT的较慢表现相关。研究设计:前瞻性队列研究。证据等级:三级。方法:58名青少年足球运动员(9-13岁)在赛季前和赛季后进行KDT。运动员佩戴SpeedFlex头盔(Riddell),配备InSite冲击响应系统头盔加速度计(Riddell),记录≥15g的冲击。头部撞击在一个赛季中进行统计,并根据重力的大小分为1、2或3分。疑似脑震荡与KDT时间和记录的头部撞击事件相关。比较了季前赛和季后赛的KDT得分。结果:在季节期间,记录了2013次头部撞击。总累积力评分中位数(范围)为24 (5-476);6名球员头部受到撞击,涉及脑震荡,4名被临床诊断为脑震荡。总体而言,与季前赛相比,季后赛的KDT时间有所改善,中位数(范围)变化为-4.8秒(-7.6秒,-1.1秒)。分析表明,KDT时间的变化与整个赛季的总累积力得分之间没有相关性。结论:青少年足球运动员的KDT时间在单一足球赛季头部撞击暴露的基础上没有显著变化;从季前赛到季后赛,大多数球员的KDT都有所提高。临床相关性:虽然我们的研究没有显示出KDT对一个青少年足球赛季的显著认知影响,但脑震荡对未成熟大脑的长期影响以及它如何影响认知发展在很大程度上仍然未知,应该是一个正在进行的研究领域。
{"title":"Correlation of King-Devick Test and Helmet Impact Exposures Over a Youth Football Season.","authors":"Jennifer R Maynard, Jeffrey P Nadwodny, Irvin S Haak, Kristina F DeMatas, Raul A Rosario-Concepcion, LaRae Seemann, George G A Pujalte","doi":"10.1177/19417381241309956","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241309956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cumulative effect of repetitive subconcussive head impacts on neurocognitive function during youth contact sports remains largely unknown. There is a paucity of literature evaluating cumulative helmet forces over a season and their correlation with preseason and postseason cognitive performance tasks such as the King-Devick test (KDT).</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Higher helmet forces recorded throughout a 10-week, 10-game youth football season would correlate with slower performance on postseason KDT.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 58 youth football players (ages 9-13 years) underwent pre- and postseason KDT. Players wore SpeedFlex helmets (Riddell) fitted with InSite Impact Response System helmet accelerometers (Riddell) which recorded impacts of ≥15<i>g</i>. Head impacts were tallied over a season and assigned a score of 1, 2, or 3 based on magnitude of <i>g</i> forces. Suspected concussions were correlated with KDT times and recorded instances of head impact. Pre- and postseason KDT scores were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the season, 2013 head impacts were recorded. Median (range) total cumulative force score was 24 (5-476); 6 players sustained head impacts concerning for concussion, and 4 were clinically diagnosed with concussions. Overall, postseason KDT times improved compared with preseason, with a median (range) change of -4.8 seconds (-7.6, -1.1). Analysis showed no correlation between changes in KDT time and total cumulative force score over the season.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KDT times in youth football players did not change significantly based on head impact exposure over a single youth football season; most players' KDT times improved from preseason to postseason.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Although our study did not show significant cognitive impact as measured by KDT over a single youth football season, the long-term effects of concussion on the immature brain and how it can impact cognitive development remains largely unknown and should be an area of ongoing study.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381241309956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association of Preoperative Walking Speed With 1-Year Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome. 术前步行速度与股骨髋臼撞击综合征髋关节镜术后1年预后的关系。
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241309918
Kyleen Jan, Alexander B Alvero, Michael J Vogel, Joshua Wright-Chisem, David Zhu, Shane J Nho

Background: Previous studies have identified demographic, radiographic, and intraoperative predictors of outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, yet few studies have identified whether preoperative gait metrics can predict outcomes.

Hypothesis: Increased preoperative step count, walking speed, step length, and gait symmetry will be associated with better outcomes after surgery.

Study design: Retrospective cohort study.

Level of evidence: Level 4.

Methods: Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between 2019 and 2022 and downloaded the smartphone app rHip, allowing for retroactive access of gait metric data, were identified. Preoperative gait metrics, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and exercise participation were analyzed via multivariate stepwise linear regression for a relationship with 1-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including Hip Outcome Scale-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL); HOS-Sports Subscale (HOS-SS), and 12-item international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12). Thresholds for preoperative gait metrics were analyzed via receiver operator characteristic curve. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare those who did and did not reach this threshold.

Results: A total of 43 patients (86% female; age, 33.1 ± 13.7 years; BMI, 23.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2) met inclusion criteria. Multivariate regression found that preoperative walking speed was significantly associated with postoperative HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and iHOT-12 (P ≤ .01). A preoperative walking speed threshold of 1.065 m/s was predictive of outcome achievement. Those who failed to achieve this threshold were significantly older, of greater BMI, and less active (P ≤ .04). They also showed significantly worse 1-year postoperative scores (P ≤ .02) and lower PASS achievement for HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and iHOT-12 (P ≤ .04).

Conclusion: Preoperative walking speed is significantly associated with 1-year outcomes after hip arthroscopy. Patients who averaged <1.065 m/s show significantly worse outcomes after surgery.

Clinical relevance: Assessment of preoperative walking speed may allow physicians to better counsel patients regarding expected outcomes after hip arthroscopy.

背景:先前的研究已经确定了股骨髋臼撞击综合征髋关节镜术后预后的人口学、放射学和术中预测因素,但很少有研究确定术前步态指标是否可以预测预后。假设:术前步数、步行速度、步长和步态对称的增加与术后更好的预后相关。研究设计:回顾性队列研究。证据等级:四级。方法:对2019年至2022年期间接受髋关节镜检查并下载智能手机应用程序rHip的患者进行识别,该应用程序允许追溯步态度量数据。术前步态指标、年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)和运动参与通过多元逐步线性回归分析与术后1年患者报告结果(PROs)的关系,包括髋关节结局量表-日常生活活动(HOS-ADL);hos -运动量表(HOS-SS)和12项国际髋关节结局工具(iHOT-12)。通过操作者特征曲线分析术前步态指标的阈值。进行亚组分析,比较达到和未达到这一阈值的患者。结果:共43例患者,其中女性86%;年龄:33.1±13.7岁;BMI(23.9±4.4 kg/m2)符合纳入标准。多因素回归发现术前步行速度与术后HOS-ADL、HOS-SS、iHOT-12有显著相关性(P≤0.01)。术前步行速度阈值为1.065 m/s可预测预后。未能达到这一阈值的患者明显年龄较大,BMI较高,活动量较少(P≤0.04)。患者术后1年评分较差(P≤0.02),HOS-ADL、HOS-SS和iHOT-12的PASS评分较低(P≤0.04)。结论:术前步行速度与髋关节镜术后1年预后显著相关。平均临床相关性的患者:术前步行速度的评估可以让医生更好地就髋关节镜术后的预期结果向患者提供咨询。
{"title":"Association of Preoperative Walking Speed With 1-Year Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome.","authors":"Kyleen Jan, Alexander B Alvero, Michael J Vogel, Joshua Wright-Chisem, David Zhu, Shane J Nho","doi":"10.1177/19417381241309918","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241309918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have identified demographic, radiographic, and intraoperative predictors of outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome, yet few studies have identified whether preoperative gait metrics can predict outcomes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Increased preoperative step count, walking speed, step length, and gait symmetry will be associated with better outcomes after surgery.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between 2019 and 2022 and downloaded the smartphone app rHip, allowing for retroactive access of gait metric data, were identified. Preoperative gait metrics, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and exercise participation were analyzed via multivariate stepwise linear regression for a relationship with 1-year postoperative patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including Hip Outcome Scale-Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL); HOS-Sports Subscale (HOS-SS), and 12-item international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12). Thresholds for preoperative gait metrics were analyzed via receiver operator characteristic curve. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare those who did and did not reach this threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 patients (86% female; age, 33.1 ± 13.7 years; BMI, 23.9 ± 4.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) met inclusion criteria. Multivariate regression found that preoperative walking speed was significantly associated with postoperative HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and iHOT-12 (<i>P</i> ≤ .01). A preoperative walking speed threshold of 1.065 m/s was predictive of outcome achievement. Those who failed to achieve this threshold were significantly older, of greater BMI, and less active (<i>P</i> ≤ .04). They also showed significantly worse 1-year postoperative scores (<i>P</i> ≤ .02) and lower PASS achievement for HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, and iHOT-12 (<i>P</i> ≤ .04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative walking speed is significantly associated with 1-year outcomes after hip arthroscopy. Patients who averaged <1.065 m/s show significantly worse outcomes after surgery.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Assessment of preoperative walking speed may allow physicians to better counsel patients regarding expected outcomes after hip arthroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381241309918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differential Effects of the Type of Physical Exercise on Blood Pressure in Independent Older Adults. 不同类型的体育锻炼对独立老年人血压的不同影响。
IF 2.7 2区 医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1177/19417381241303706
Jose M Cancela-Carral, Pedro Bezerra, Adriana Lopez-Rodriguez, Bruno Silva

Background: Exercise and its effect on cardiovascular diseases have been extensively studied in the elderly population. The difference in blood pressure (BP) between fit and unfit subjects can be >5 mmHg. It is not well established whether the positive effects of exercising on BP are associated with exercise type, be it aerobic or anaerobic (maximal muscle strength).

Hypothesis: Anaerobic training (maximal muscle strength) causes greater improvements than aerobic training on BP in active older adults.

Study design: Clinical trial.

Level of evidence: Level 4.

Methods: This clinical trial was carried out with 202 participants (n = 116 aerobic program [ABPG], n = 86 strength program [SBPG]; 58.05% female; age 67.61 ± 5.01 years). The training program was carried out between 2018 and 2021. Periodic evaluations of BP (systolic BP [SBP] and diastolic BP [DBP]) were conducted with a frequency of twice per year. BP comparisons were made by using 2 × 2 analysis of variance with repeated measurements over the course of the 4 years of the project.

Results: Throughout the training program, SBPG showed significant and consistent improvements in both SBP and DBP (P < 0.01). On the other hand, the ABPG reported a significant initial improvement (P < 0.01), which was not repeated in subsequent years. BP monitoring carried out over the 4 years showed a decrease in DBP and SBP, with this decrease being more pronounced in SBPG. However, the differences between the groups were not significant (2021; DBP, F = 1.227; P = 0.27; SBP, F = 0.826, P = 0.36).

Conclusion: Among persons aged ≥65 years, muscle strength training programs appear to be more effective in inducing exercise-related positive changes in BP and cardiovascular risk factors compared with aerobic exercise programs.

Clinical relevance: Muscle strength training programs result in favorable changes in BP and cardiovascular risk factors.

背景:老年人运动及其对心血管疾病的影响已被广泛研究。健康和不健康受试者之间的血压(BP)差异可达50毫米汞柱。目前还不清楚运动对血压的积极影响是否与运动类型有关,是有氧运动还是无氧运动(最大肌肉力量)。假设:无氧训练(最大肌肉力量)比有氧训练对活跃的老年人血压有更大的改善。研究设计:临床试验。证据等级:四级。方法:本临床试验共纳入202例受试者(n = 116例有氧训练[ABPG], n = 86例力量训练[SBPG];58.05%的女性;年龄67.61±5.01岁)。该培训计划于2018年至2021年进行。定期评估血压(收缩压[SBP]和舒张压[DBP]),频率为每年两次。BP比较采用2 × 2方差分析,在4年的项目过程中重复测量。结果:在整个训练过程中,SBPG对收缩压和舒张压均有显著且持续的改善(P < 0.01)。另一方面,ABPG报告了显著的初始改善(P < 0.01),在随后的几年中没有重复。4年的血压监测显示舒张压和收缩压下降,其中SBPG下降更为明显。然而,两组之间的差异并不显著(2021;Dbp, f = 1.227;P = 0.27;血压,f = 0.826, p = 0.36)。结论:在年龄≥65岁的人群中,肌肉力量训练计划似乎比有氧运动计划更有效地诱导与运动相关的血压和心血管危险因素的积极变化。临床意义:肌力训练项目可导致血压和心血管危险因素的有利改变。
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Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach
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