Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2101516
E. Capel, Cyrille Prestianni, B. Cascales‐Miñana
ABSTRACT French Lower Devonian floras are rare, especially compared to certain other Western European countries. In this study, we reassess an assemblage collected in the 1930s in the Rebreuve quarry (Pas-de-Calais, northern France). We describe new features in several taxa and update taxonomic names from original descriptions. For instance, re-examination of vegetative remains previously described as Psilophyton princeps, led to the discovery of fertile structures allowing us to refer these specimens to Sawdonia. In total, this flora consists of 10 taxa, including up to four different Psilophyton species, such as P. parvulum. Other taxa include Danziella artesiana, Drepanophycus cf. spinaeformis, Sporogonites exuberans and some specimens of Taeniocrada and Sciadophyton, revealing a diverse Lower Devonian plant assemblage. The Rebreuve assemblage represents a typical Emsian flora from Laurussia and bears striking resemblance with coeval Belgian assemblages. Previous palynological investigations, in addition to the similarities with well-dated Belgian floras, suggest an early Emsian age for this assemblage. The paleogeographical implications of findings are discussed.
{"title":"Revisiting the Rebreuve plant assemblage from the Lower Devonian of Artois, northern France","authors":"E. Capel, Cyrille Prestianni, B. Cascales‐Miñana","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2101516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2101516","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT French Lower Devonian floras are rare, especially compared to certain other Western European countries. In this study, we reassess an assemblage collected in the 1930s in the Rebreuve quarry (Pas-de-Calais, northern France). We describe new features in several taxa and update taxonomic names from original descriptions. For instance, re-examination of vegetative remains previously described as Psilophyton princeps, led to the discovery of fertile structures allowing us to refer these specimens to Sawdonia. In total, this flora consists of 10 taxa, including up to four different Psilophyton species, such as P. parvulum. Other taxa include Danziella artesiana, Drepanophycus cf. spinaeformis, Sporogonites exuberans and some specimens of Taeniocrada and Sciadophyton, revealing a diverse Lower Devonian plant assemblage. The Rebreuve assemblage represents a typical Emsian flora from Laurussia and bears striking resemblance with coeval Belgian assemblages. Previous palynological investigations, in addition to the similarities with well-dated Belgian floras, suggest an early Emsian age for this assemblage. The paleogeographical implications of findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"169 1","pages":"540 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45211165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2101517
B. Thomas, C. Cleal
ABSTRACT The known fossil-species of upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) arborescent lycopod leafy shoots are re-examined. The leaf characters used in species characterisation include size (length and breadth), angle of departure from the stems and the overall shape (straight, curved or S-shaped). Sometimes leafy shoots can be directly related to known species of stems that are defined on their surface features of leaf cushions as in Lepidodendron, Lepidophloios and Ulodendron, or directly on the stem surface as in Bothrodendron. They are also assessed in terms of the determinate growth pattern of the plants. A key is given to identify the fossil-species of leafy shoots described here.
{"title":"A reassessment of the leafy shoots of Pennsylvanian-age arborescent lycopods","authors":"B. Thomas, C. Cleal","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2101517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2101517","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The known fossil-species of upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) arborescent lycopod leafy shoots are re-examined. The leaf characters used in species characterisation include size (length and breadth), angle of departure from the stems and the overall shape (straight, curved or S-shaped). Sometimes leafy shoots can be directly related to known species of stems that are defined on their surface features of leaf cushions as in Lepidodendron, Lepidophloios and Ulodendron, or directly on the stem surface as in Bothrodendron. They are also assessed in terms of the determinate growth pattern of the plants. A key is given to identify the fossil-species of leafy shoots described here.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"169 1","pages":"466 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47419290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2101515
Cyrille Prestianni, J. Rustán, Diego Balseiro, N. Vaccari
ABSTRACT The Mississippian is characterized worldwide by a general cooling of the environment and a climatic stratification of Earth. Argentina at that time was part of the megacontinent Gondwana. It occupied a position close to the South Pole around 60°S. Whereas paleoequatorial and paleotropical floras are relatively well known, higher latitude environments are still poorly understood. In this framework, a revision of Mississippian deposits is ongoing in Argentina. An extensive and detailed survey of the Sierra de las Minitas (La Rioja Province, western Argentina) involved drawing detailed sections and the systematic verification of all rock layers. Fossils were sampled and studied in the laboratory. We describe a new isoetalean lycopsid with a rare combination of characters. This plant presents an estimated low stature (approximately 30 cm), a branched rhizomorph, an inflated intermediary zone, a monocaulous growth form and evidence for cyclic fertility. These features are interpreted as representing specific adaptations to the harsher tundra conditions prevailing in the Lower Carboniferous Southern Polar environments.
密西西比河的特点是世界范围内的环境普遍变冷和地球的气候分层。当时的阿根廷是冈瓦纳大陆的一部分。它在60°S左右占据了一个靠近南极的位置。尽管古赤道和古热带植物区系相对而言是众所周知的，但对高纬度环境的了解仍然很少。在这一框架内，阿根廷正在修订密西西比矿床。对Sierra de las Minitas（阿根廷西部拉里奥哈省）进行了广泛而详细的调查，绘制了详细的剖面图，并对所有岩层进行了系统的验证。在实验室里对化石进行了取样和研究。我们描述了一种具有罕见特征组合的新的等talean石糖肽。这种植物估计身材较低（约30厘米），有分枝的根茎，膨胀的中间带，单茎生长形式，有周期生育的证据。这些特征被解释为代表了对下石炭纪南极环境中普遍存在的更严酷苔原条件的特殊适应。
{"title":"Porongodendron minitensis gen. nov. sp. nov. a new lycopsid from the Mississippian of Argentina with adaptations to tundra-like conditions","authors":"Cyrille Prestianni, J. Rustán, Diego Balseiro, N. Vaccari","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2101515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2101515","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Mississippian is characterized worldwide by a general cooling of the environment and a climatic stratification of Earth. Argentina at that time was part of the megacontinent Gondwana. It occupied a position close to the South Pole around 60°S. Whereas paleoequatorial and paleotropical floras are relatively well known, higher latitude environments are still poorly understood. In this framework, a revision of Mississippian deposits is ongoing in Argentina. An extensive and detailed survey of the Sierra de las Minitas (La Rioja Province, western Argentina) involved drawing detailed sections and the systematic verification of all rock layers. Fossils were sampled and studied in the laboratory. We describe a new isoetalean lycopsid with a rare combination of characters. This plant presents an estimated low stature (approximately 30 cm), a branched rhizomorph, an inflated intermediary zone, a monocaulous growth form and evidence for cyclic fertility. These features are interpreted as representing specific adaptations to the harsher tundra conditions prevailing in the Lower Carboniferous Southern Polar environments.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"169 1","pages":"527 - 539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41826184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-15DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2099461
Anne‐Laure Decombeix, C. J. Harper, J. Galtier, B. Meyer-Berthaud, M. Krings
ABSTRACT Tyloses are protoplasmic swellings of parenchyma cells into the lumen of adjacent conducting cells. They develop as part of the heartwood formation process, or in response to embolism or pathogen infection. Here, we report the oldest fossil evidence to date of tylosis formation that occurs in permineralized wood of the (pro)gymnosperm Dameria hueberi from the Tournaisian (lower Mississippian, ca. 350 Ma) of Australia. Different developmental stages of tylosis formation are recognizable that range from small bubble-like protrusions to dense tyloses entirely filling the lumen of the conducting cells. The trigger for the development of tyloses in D. hueberi remains unknown. A survey of the fossil record of tyloses shows their occurrence in most groups of vascular plants since the Carboniferous. Future research in this field will screen even older (Devonian) fossils for evidence of tyloses and aim to understand the roles these structures have had in plant–pathogen interactions and plant hydraulic properties in the past.
{"title":"Tyloses in fossil plants: New data from a Mississippian tree, with a review of previous records","authors":"Anne‐Laure Decombeix, C. J. Harper, J. Galtier, B. Meyer-Berthaud, M. Krings","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2099461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2099461","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tyloses are protoplasmic swellings of parenchyma cells into the lumen of adjacent conducting cells. They develop as part of the heartwood formation process, or in response to embolism or pathogen infection. Here, we report the oldest fossil evidence to date of tylosis formation that occurs in permineralized wood of the (pro)gymnosperm Dameria hueberi from the Tournaisian (lower Mississippian, ca. 350 Ma) of Australia. Different developmental stages of tylosis formation are recognizable that range from small bubble-like protrusions to dense tyloses entirely filling the lumen of the conducting cells. The trigger for the development of tyloses in D. hueberi remains unknown. A survey of the fossil record of tyloses shows their occurrence in most groups of vascular plants since the Carboniferous. Future research in this field will screen even older (Devonian) fossils for evidence of tyloses and aim to understand the roles these structures have had in plant–pathogen interactions and plant hydraulic properties in the past.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"169 1","pages":"510 - 526"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42281433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2100476
M. Lecourt, G. Chietera, F. Jullien, B. Blerot, S. Antoniotti
ABSTRACT Citronellol is a monoterpene alcohol biosynthesized by various plant species belonging to different families of Angiosperm. Bioinspired by the metabolism of Rosa sp., able to produce (–)-cis-rose oxide from citronellol, we have studied and optimized a laccase-catalyzed oxidation of (±)-, (R)-, and (S)-citronellol into rose oxide diastereomers in the presence of mediators. The reaction was found to be diastereomerically cis-selective but completely non-enantioselective. The laccase-mediator system was then applied on citronellol-containing essential oils such as lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) essential oils in order to modify their composition beyond the plant metabolism and increase their rose oxides content, thereby tuning their olfactory properties.
{"title":"From biosynthesis in plants to post-biosynthetic enzymatic conversion. Generation of odor-impact rose oxides from citronellol-rich essential oils","authors":"M. Lecourt, G. Chietera, F. Jullien, B. Blerot, S. Antoniotti","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2100476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2100476","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Citronellol is a monoterpene alcohol biosynthesized by various plant species belonging to different families of Angiosperm. Bioinspired by the metabolism of Rosa sp., able to produce (–)-cis-rose oxide from citronellol, we have studied and optimized a laccase-catalyzed oxidation of (±)-, (R)-, and (S)-citronellol into rose oxide diastereomers in the presence of mediators. The reaction was found to be diastereomerically cis-selective but completely non-enantioselective. The laccase-mediator system was then applied on citronellol-containing essential oils such as lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) essential oils in order to modify their composition beyond the plant metabolism and increase their rose oxides content, thereby tuning their olfactory properties.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"170 1","pages":"15 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44205653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2080112
T. Jaffré
ABSTRACT In New Caledonia, the environmental heterogeneity on ultramafic rocks is a major driver of plant diversity. Here, the foliar mineral composition of numerous species was analysed to (1) explore plant mineral nutrition in different environments on ultramafic rocks, and (2) characterise the nutritional behaviour of species strictly growing on these rocks. A total of 4,600 samples were analysed, corresponding to more than 500 species, including 350 from maquis, i.e. about a third of the species inventoried on ultramafic rocks. Samples were collected mainly from the Boulinda Massif and the Grand Massif du Sud, where almost all the maquis species were analysed, and from the Koniambo and Tiebaghi massifs. The results confirm the very low P and low N, K and Ca availability for plants in all ultramafic environments. The low stocks in major elements, except for Mg, are undoubtedly one of the main causes, or at least the most constant cause, of the general poor fertility of soils on ultramafic rocks in New Caledonia. The mineral composition of the leaf tissue of species growing on ultramafic rocks reflects, to some extent, the mineral imbalance of the soils. It is particularly marked by abnormal high foliar concentration in trace elements (Ni, Mn, Cr, Co). Ni and Mn accumulator species are recorded in many families. The mineral element concentrations are significantly different from one species to another and reflect the high specificity of mineral nutrition, and the adaptation to specific mineral conditions in different types of environments on ultramafic rocks.
在新喀里多尼亚，超基性岩石的环境异质性是植物多样性的主要驱动因素。在这里，我们分析了许多物种的叶面矿物组成，以(1)探索不同环境下超镁铁质岩石上的植物矿物营养，(2)表征严格生长在这些岩石上的物种的营养行为。总共分析了4600个样本，对应500多个物种，其中包括350个来自马基，即约三分之一的超镁质岩石物种。样本主要收集于Boulinda地块和Grand Massif du Sud，在那里几乎分析了所有的猕猴物种，以及Koniambo地块和Tiebaghi地块。结果表明，在所有超湿地环境中，植物的磷和氮、钾、钙的有效性都很低。除了镁元素外，主要元素的低储量无疑是新喀里多尼亚超镁质岩石土壤肥力普遍低下的主要原因之一，或者至少是最持久的原因。生长在超镁铁质岩石上的植物叶片组织的矿物组成在一定程度上反映了土壤的矿物失衡。其特征是叶片中微量元素(Ni、Mn、Cr、Co)浓度异常高。镍和锰的蓄积体分布在许多科中。不同物种间矿物元素含量差异显著，反映了超镁质岩石矿物营养的高特异性，以及对不同类型环境下特定矿物条件的适应。
{"title":"Plant mineral nutrition on ultramafic rocks of New Caledonia","authors":"T. Jaffré","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2080112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2080112","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In New Caledonia, the environmental heterogeneity on ultramafic rocks is a major driver of plant diversity. Here, the foliar mineral composition of numerous species was analysed to (1) explore plant mineral nutrition in different environments on ultramafic rocks, and (2) characterise the nutritional behaviour of species strictly growing on these rocks. A total of 4,600 samples were analysed, corresponding to more than 500 species, including 350 from maquis, i.e. about a third of the species inventoried on ultramafic rocks. Samples were collected mainly from the Boulinda Massif and the Grand Massif du Sud, where almost all the maquis species were analysed, and from the Koniambo and Tiebaghi massifs. The results confirm the very low P and low N, K and Ca availability for plants in all ultramafic environments. The low stocks in major elements, except for Mg, are undoubtedly one of the main causes, or at least the most constant cause, of the general poor fertility of soils on ultramafic rocks in New Caledonia. The mineral composition of the leaf tissue of species growing on ultramafic rocks reflects, to some extent, the mineral imbalance of the soils. It is particularly marked by abnormal high foliar concentration in trace elements (Ni, Mn, Cr, Co). Ni and Mn accumulator species are recorded in many families. The mineral element concentrations are significantly different from one species to another and reflect the high specificity of mineral nutrition, and the adaptation to specific mineral conditions in different types of environments on ultramafic rocks.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"170 1","pages":"375 - 411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46648799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2095671
K. S. Morais, L. F. Costa, C. Bicudo, C. E. Wetzel
ABSTRACT An unknown species of Psammothidium (Achnanthidiaceae) was found in core sediment (~4000 cal yr BP) collected from Xingu ria, located in eastern Amazon Basin (Brazilian Amazon). The detailed morphology of the new species was examined and described using light (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. The new species described here is mainly characterized by small valve dimensions, an irregular and expanded central area in rapheless valve (RLV) clearly visible in LM. Under SEM observations, the new species show slightly radiate striae with rectangular to rounded areolae present both on the surface and the valve mantle. Morphology and ecology of the new species is compared to those already described for the genus. Moreover, information about core chronology and the co-occurrence of other diatom species in the sample are also provided.
{"title":"Psammothidium elnatanianum sp. nov. (Achnanthidiaceae, Bacillariophyta) a new diatom species found in Holocene sediments (Meghalayan Age) of the Xingu River, Eastern Amazon","authors":"K. S. Morais, L. F. Costa, C. Bicudo, C. E. Wetzel","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2095671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2095671","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An unknown species of Psammothidium (Achnanthidiaceae) was found in core sediment (~4000 cal yr BP) collected from Xingu ria, located in eastern Amazon Basin (Brazilian Amazon). The detailed morphology of the new species was examined and described using light (LM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy. The new species described here is mainly characterized by small valve dimensions, an irregular and expanded central area in rapheless valve (RLV) clearly visible in LM. Under SEM observations, the new species show slightly radiate striae with rectangular to rounded areolae present both on the surface and the valve mantle. Morphology and ecology of the new species is compared to those already described for the genus. Moreover, information about core chronology and the co-occurrence of other diatom species in the sample are also provided.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"169 1","pages":"351 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2095672
S. Hennequin, Julia Faillace Thiesen, Timothée Le Péchon, Raquel Stauffer Viveros, A. Salino, K. R. Wood, T. Ranker
ABSTRACT The Hawaiian Islands are an emblematic field to study evolution, with their very high rates of endemism and spectacular cases of insular speciation. Nevertheless, many Hawaiian lineages still deserve investigation, such as in the fern lineage. In this study, we address the question of the origin of the fern genus Ctenitis, which is present in the archipelago with two endemic species, Ctenitis squamigera and C. latifrons. Using a taxonomic sampling covering the pantropical distribution of the genus and three chloroplast DNA regions, we provide evidence that the genus in the Hawaiian Islands originated from a single long-distance dispersal from the Neotropics. This area is less represented than Asia and the South Pacific in the origin of Hawaiian ferns, but a Neotropical origin may be explained by the transportation of spores by tropical storms originating near Central America. Furthermore, the colonization of the Hawaiian Islands is estimated to have occurred between 4 [9–2] and 3 [7–1] mya. This timing is consistent with the ages of all main and extant islands of the archipelago, which already provided habitats for the establishment of the initial Ctenitis colonizer. In turn, this relatively late arrival to the islands and the related potentially low availability of ecological niches may have hampered diversification of the genus beyond the two extant species.
{"title":"Origin of Hawaiian ferns of the genus Ctenitis (Dryopteridaceae)","authors":"S. Hennequin, Julia Faillace Thiesen, Timothée Le Péchon, Raquel Stauffer Viveros, A. Salino, K. R. Wood, T. Ranker","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2095672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2095672","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Hawaiian Islands are an emblematic field to study evolution, with their very high rates of endemism and spectacular cases of insular speciation. Nevertheless, many Hawaiian lineages still deserve investigation, such as in the fern lineage. In this study, we address the question of the origin of the fern genus Ctenitis, which is present in the archipelago with two endemic species, Ctenitis squamigera and C. latifrons. Using a taxonomic sampling covering the pantropical distribution of the genus and three chloroplast DNA regions, we provide evidence that the genus in the Hawaiian Islands originated from a single long-distance dispersal from the Neotropics. This area is less represented than Asia and the South Pacific in the origin of Hawaiian ferns, but a Neotropical origin may be explained by the transportation of spores by tropical storms originating near Central America. Furthermore, the colonization of the Hawaiian Islands is estimated to have occurred between 4 [9–2] and 3 [7–1] mya. This timing is consistent with the ages of all main and extant islands of the archipelago, which already provided habitats for the establishment of the initial Ctenitis colonizer. In turn, this relatively late arrival to the islands and the related potentially low availability of ecological niches may have hampered diversification of the genus beyond the two extant species.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"169 1","pages":"375 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48206792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2080111
N. Hidalgo-Triana, Federico CASIMIRO-SORIGUER SOLANAS, Andros Solakis Tena, Andrés V. Pérez-Latorre, J. García-Sánchez
ABSTRACT Melinis repens subsp. repens is an annual herb native to Africa and southwestern Asia. In 2008, this species was detected growing in road verges and showing a reduced occupancy area of 6 km2 in a natural area of the southern Iberian Peninsula in the province of Malaga (Andalusia, Spain). The rest of the existing European records of this species comes from the Czech Republic, the Italian Peninsula, and Great Britain and can be considered casual. Furthermore, this species has become naturalised in Sardinia. The aim of this work is to study the invasion status, habitats, potential impacts, invasive behaviour, and pathways of introduction of Melinis repens subsp. repens in the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) to contribute to the control of this species. This species was most probably introduced into Europe for ornamental, fodder, or slope stabilization purposes. Our field work revealed this species has become naturalised in several habitats of Malaga and Granada provinces (Andalusia) occupying an area of 263 km2 in 2021. It behaves as a pioneer species that colonizes disturbed road margins and occurs in the same habitat as Cenchrus setaceus. Melinis repens subsp. repens can become dominant in natural EUNIS habitats and can also occupy cultivated areas. Because of the high occupancy area detected, and because the species has been assigned to the European Union List of Invasive Alien Plants based on the EPPO prioritization process, this plant should be considered the object of a control programme and its use should be legally prohibited in Spain, and more largely in European Mediterranean areas.
{"title":"Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka subsp. repens (Poaceae) in Europe: distribution, ecology and potential invasion","authors":"N. Hidalgo-Triana, Federico CASIMIRO-SORIGUER SOLANAS, Andros Solakis Tena, Andrés V. Pérez-Latorre, J. García-Sánchez","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2080111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2080111","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Melinis repens subsp. repens is an annual herb native to Africa and southwestern Asia. In 2008, this species was detected growing in road verges and showing a reduced occupancy area of 6 km2 in a natural area of the southern Iberian Peninsula in the province of Malaga (Andalusia, Spain). The rest of the existing European records of this species comes from the Czech Republic, the Italian Peninsula, and Great Britain and can be considered casual. Furthermore, this species has become naturalised in Sardinia. The aim of this work is to study the invasion status, habitats, potential impacts, invasive behaviour, and pathways of introduction of Melinis repens subsp. repens in the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain) to contribute to the control of this species. This species was most probably introduced into Europe for ornamental, fodder, or slope stabilization purposes. Our field work revealed this species has become naturalised in several habitats of Malaga and Granada provinces (Andalusia) occupying an area of 263 km2 in 2021. It behaves as a pioneer species that colonizes disturbed road margins and occurs in the same habitat as Cenchrus setaceus. Melinis repens subsp. repens can become dominant in natural EUNIS habitats and can also occupy cultivated areas. Because of the high occupancy area detected, and because the species has been assigned to the European Union List of Invasive Alien Plants based on the EPPO prioritization process, this plant should be considered the object of a control programme and its use should be legally prohibited in Spain, and more largely in European Mediterranean areas.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"169 1","pages":"390 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41539220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2022.2092772
Artai A. Santos, Lifang Xiao, C. Labandeira, D. Néraudeau, Éric Dépré, Jean‐David Moreau, V. Perrichot, T. Wappler
ABSTRACT Plants and insects are the two dominant groups in terrestrial ecosystems, and insect damage on fossil plants is the only direct evidence documenting the past ecological history between these two, hyperdiverse groups. We describe, analyze, and interpret plant–insect interactions of a lower Cenomanian paleoforest from western France – the Puy-Puy Quarry of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region. We examined 1605 fossil leaves, axes, and reproductive material of bennettitalean, pinalean, and ginkgoalean gymnosperms; lauralean and magnolialean angiosperms; and pteridophyte fronds. We identified functional feeding groups (FFGs) and insect damage types (DTs) preserved on this foliage and data were rarified to indicate sample completeness. By employing R, various statistical parameters were calculated. We established 71 DTs for the nine FFGs of hole feeding, margin feeding, skeletonization, surface feeding, oviposition, piercing and sucking, galling, mining, and pathogens, and 1292 feeding event occurrences. Of the specimens examined 22.2% exhibited one or more DT, with angiosperms the most affected plant group. The most diverse interactions were mining and galling, indicating a mosaic of humid and xeric habitats, respectively, for the Puy-Puy paleoforest, a conclusion consistent with previous paleontological and sedimentological interpretations. Elevated DT richness suggests long-standing ecological relationships between the plants and insects, representative of a mature forest.
{"title":"Plant–insect interactions from the mid-Cretaceous at Puy-Puy (Aquitaine Basin, western France) indicates preferential herbivory for angiosperms amid a forest of ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms","authors":"Artai A. Santos, Lifang Xiao, C. Labandeira, D. Néraudeau, Éric Dépré, Jean‐David Moreau, V. Perrichot, T. Wappler","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2022.2092772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2022.2092772","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Plants and insects are the two dominant groups in terrestrial ecosystems, and insect damage on fossil plants is the only direct evidence documenting the past ecological history between these two, hyperdiverse groups. We describe, analyze, and interpret plant–insect interactions of a lower Cenomanian paleoforest from western France – the Puy-Puy Quarry of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region. We examined 1605 fossil leaves, axes, and reproductive material of bennettitalean, pinalean, and ginkgoalean gymnosperms; lauralean and magnolialean angiosperms; and pteridophyte fronds. We identified functional feeding groups (FFGs) and insect damage types (DTs) preserved on this foliage and data were rarified to indicate sample completeness. By employing R, various statistical parameters were calculated. We established 71 DTs for the nine FFGs of hole feeding, margin feeding, skeletonization, surface feeding, oviposition, piercing and sucking, galling, mining, and pathogens, and 1292 feeding event occurrences. Of the specimens examined 22.2% exhibited one or more DT, with angiosperms the most affected plant group. The most diverse interactions were mining and galling, indicating a mosaic of humid and xeric habitats, respectively, for the Puy-Puy paleoforest, a conclusion consistent with previous paleontological and sedimentological interpretations. Elevated DT richness suggests long-standing ecological relationships between the plants and insects, representative of a mature forest.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":"169 1","pages":"568 - 587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43855740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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