Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2181216
P. Birnbaum, T. Ibanez, Greg Blanchard, Dimitri Justeau‐Allaire, Vanessa Hequet, Nathan Eltabet, G. Vieilledent, N. Barbier, Romain Barrière, David Bruy
ABSTRACT About a third of New Caledonia is covered with ultramafic soils (UM) which hosts a rich flora (endemism > 85%) threatened by mining activities. This combination makes the ultramafic vegetation a floristic hotspot within a biodiversity hotspot. UM soils are distributed from sea level to 1618 m elevation with about two-thirds forming a large continuous unit while the remaining forms numerous relatively small isolated units. Here, we provide a synthesis of the distribution of forest and tree species across 22 UM units. We compiled an extensive tree occurrence dataset (109,896 occurrences and 1,065 species) and a new expert-based forest map at a 1:3000 spatial resolution. Only 10% of these species represented more than 50% of the occurrences, while 10% of the species had only one or two occurrences. A quarter of the UM area did not contain any occurrences, and we estimated that on average a quarter of the species remained to be inventoried in the 22 units. Forest covers about one-third of the UM areas with forest coverage ranging from 1.7% to 72.3% in the different UM units. Forest coverage increased from 14.6% on sea level to 93.3% at 1,200 m of elevation. About 30% of the forest and 90% of the species were located within mining concessions, while 14.5% and 73%, respectively, were located within protected areas. We recommend setting up new protected areas on ultramafic substrate, specially in the Northern province, to protect more forest and the diversity it harbours.
{"title":"Forest and tree species distribution on the ultramafic substrates of New Caledonia","authors":"P. Birnbaum, T. Ibanez, Greg Blanchard, Dimitri Justeau‐Allaire, Vanessa Hequet, Nathan Eltabet, G. Vieilledent, N. Barbier, Romain Barrière, David Bruy","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2181216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2181216","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT About a third of New Caledonia is covered with ultramafic soils (UM) which hosts a rich flora (endemism > 85%) threatened by mining activities. This combination makes the ultramafic vegetation a floristic hotspot within a biodiversity hotspot. UM soils are distributed from sea level to 1618 m elevation with about two-thirds forming a large continuous unit while the remaining forms numerous relatively small isolated units. Here, we provide a synthesis of the distribution of forest and tree species across 22 UM units. We compiled an extensive tree occurrence dataset (109,896 occurrences and 1,065 species) and a new expert-based forest map at a 1:3000 spatial resolution. Only 10% of these species represented more than 50% of the occurrences, while 10% of the species had only one or two occurrences. A quarter of the UM area did not contain any occurrences, and we estimated that on average a quarter of the species remained to be inventoried in the 22 units. Forest covers about one-third of the UM areas with forest coverage ranging from 1.7% to 72.3% in the different UM units. Forest coverage increased from 14.6% on sea level to 93.3% at 1,200 m of elevation. About 30% of the forest and 90% of the species were located within mining concessions, while 14.5% and 73%, respectively, were located within protected areas. We recommend setting up new protected areas on ultramafic substrate, specially in the Northern province, to protect more forest and the diversity it harbours.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42967932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-24DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2192264
S. Soliman, Naglaa S Ashmawy, Alshaimaa M. Hamoda, Haidy A. Gad, A. El-Keblawy
ABSTRACT Ficus species evolved physical and chemical defense mechanisms to cope with variable environmental conditions. Field observation of Ficus johannis Boiss. (Mountain Fig) indicated that newly-sprouted leaves developed at the base of the plant are skin irritating, but the crown leaves, out of animal reach, do not. Here, we investigated the anatomical and phytochemical characteristics of both leaves of F. johannis growing in the arid mountains of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results showed the presence of numerous tapering non-glandular and a few glandular trichomes on the newly-sprouted leaves. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed the presence of 107 metabolites; out of them, 16 compounds were identified in the newly-sprouted leaves but not in the crown ones. β-Amyrin, α- amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate, known as irritant chemicals, were~5, 3, and 200 times higher in the newly-sprouted leaves than in the crown leaves, respectively. Our study is the first to report the presence of stinging trichomes in Ficus species, a rare type that has been reported in a few angiosperm families. These results indicated that the variety of trichomes on the newly-sprouted leaves and the leaf’s unique metabolites provide sufficient protection mechanisms against grazing animals.
{"title":"Newly-sprouted leaves at the stem base differ anatomically and histochemically from the crown leaves in Ficus johannis","authors":"S. Soliman, Naglaa S Ashmawy, Alshaimaa M. Hamoda, Haidy A. Gad, A. El-Keblawy","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2192264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2192264","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ficus species evolved physical and chemical defense mechanisms to cope with variable environmental conditions. Field observation of Ficus johannis Boiss. (Mountain Fig) indicated that newly-sprouted leaves developed at the base of the plant are skin irritating, but the crown leaves, out of animal reach, do not. Here, we investigated the anatomical and phytochemical characteristics of both leaves of F. johannis growing in the arid mountains of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results showed the presence of numerous tapering non-glandular and a few glandular trichomes on the newly-sprouted leaves. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed the presence of 107 metabolites; out of them, 16 compounds were identified in the newly-sprouted leaves but not in the crown ones. β-Amyrin, α- amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate, known as irritant chemicals, were~5, 3, and 200 times higher in the newly-sprouted leaves than in the crown leaves, respectively. Our study is the first to report the presence of stinging trichomes in Ficus species, a rare type that has been reported in a few angiosperm families. These results indicated that the variety of trichomes on the newly-sprouted leaves and the leaf’s unique metabolites provide sufficient protection mechanisms against grazing animals.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42788042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2189936
A. Akçin, E. Yalçın
ABSTRACT Anatomical adaptations of vegetative organs of Salicornia perennans Willd. and Suaeda prostrata Pall. subsp. prostrata distributed throughout the Kizilirmak Delta, Samsun were investigated in this study. To examine root, stem, and leaf anatomical modifications, the examined halophytic taxa were collected from the natural salt-affected soils of the study area. Some anatomical differences were detected in the roots, stems, and leaves of the taxa exposed to salinity. High salinity significantly increased the thickness of the periderm and cortex and the width of the aeriferous cavities in the root cortex of Salicornia perennans. The number of xylem vessels increased at higher salinity levels, whereas the diameters of xylem vessels decreased in the roots of Salicornia perennans. The diameters of xylem vessels decreased in the roots of Suaeda prostrata subsp. prostrata. Stem anatomical characteristics such as the thickness of the cuticle, palisade tissue, water-storing parenchyma, and the length and width of lignified cells, were increased by high salinity. Similarly, the thickness of the cortex in the stem of Suaeda prostrata subsp. prostrata was increased at the high salinity level. In addition, many tracheoblasts specific to Salicornia perennans were observed in the palisade tissue. In the leaves of Suaeda prostrata subsp. prostrata, the thickness of palisade tissue, and the succulence were significantly increased with a further increase in salt concentrations. Furthermore, stomata dimensions and stomata indices of both investigated taxa were considerably decreased under high salinity.
{"title":"The effect of salinity on anatomical characteristics of two halophyte species from Turkey","authors":"A. Akçin, E. Yalçın","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2189936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2189936","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anatomical adaptations of vegetative organs of Salicornia perennans Willd. and Suaeda prostrata Pall. subsp. prostrata distributed throughout the Kizilirmak Delta, Samsun were investigated in this study. To examine root, stem, and leaf anatomical modifications, the examined halophytic taxa were collected from the natural salt-affected soils of the study area. Some anatomical differences were detected in the roots, stems, and leaves of the taxa exposed to salinity. High salinity significantly increased the thickness of the periderm and cortex and the width of the aeriferous cavities in the root cortex of Salicornia perennans. The number of xylem vessels increased at higher salinity levels, whereas the diameters of xylem vessels decreased in the roots of Salicornia perennans. The diameters of xylem vessels decreased in the roots of Suaeda prostrata subsp. prostrata. Stem anatomical characteristics such as the thickness of the cuticle, palisade tissue, water-storing parenchyma, and the length and width of lignified cells, were increased by high salinity. Similarly, the thickness of the cortex in the stem of Suaeda prostrata subsp. prostrata was increased at the high salinity level. In addition, many tracheoblasts specific to Salicornia perennans were observed in the palisade tissue. In the leaves of Suaeda prostrata subsp. prostrata, the thickness of palisade tissue, and the succulence were significantly increased with a further increase in salt concentrations. Furthermore, stomata dimensions and stomata indices of both investigated taxa were considerably decreased under high salinity.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48482624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2187454
Y. Pillon, Pauline Majourau, Karine Gotty, S. Isnard, B. Fogliani, M. Chase, G. Kergoat
ABSTRACT The assembly of island plant communities is the result of a number of processes: immigration (dispersal), speciation, and extinction. Using four plastid genes and one low-copy nuclear gene, we investigated the origin of the New Caledonian Grevillea (Proteaceae), an otherwise largely Australian genus. In the combined plastid analysis, the species form two distinct clades, the exul (four species) and gillivrayi groups (six species), within group 3 of Grevillea. All New Caledonian Grevillea display two distinct copies of PHYA, one copy in group 3, and another in group 4. Previously published chromosome counts for G. meisneri and two new genome size estimates of G. gillivrayi and G. rubiginosa suggest that these plants are tetraploids. Altogether, the current data available suggest that New Caledonian Grevillea are allotetraploids, resulting from one or two hybridisation events between two or three distinct parents. A possible scenario is that modern Grevillea has descended from a hybrid swarm that formed 9–13 Mya between multiple immigrants (now extinct) that reached the island. Grevillea can be added to the list of island plant radiations with an early history of hybridisation and polyploidy. The relative importance, location and timing of these two mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The two groups of New Caledonian Grevillea may be easily distinguished by their inflorescences, flowers and fruits, with the gillivrayi group displaying greater ecological and morphological diversity. The seed characteristics of New Caledonian Grevillea are consistent with their pioneer behavior.
{"title":"The allopolyploid origin(s) and diversification of New Caledonian Grevillea (Proteaceae)","authors":"Y. Pillon, Pauline Majourau, Karine Gotty, S. Isnard, B. Fogliani, M. Chase, G. Kergoat","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2187454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2187454","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The assembly of island plant communities is the result of a number of processes: immigration (dispersal), speciation, and extinction. Using four plastid genes and one low-copy nuclear gene, we investigated the origin of the New Caledonian Grevillea (Proteaceae), an otherwise largely Australian genus. In the combined plastid analysis, the species form two distinct clades, the exul (four species) and gillivrayi groups (six species), within group 3 of Grevillea. All New Caledonian Grevillea display two distinct copies of PHYA, one copy in group 3, and another in group 4. Previously published chromosome counts for G. meisneri and two new genome size estimates of G. gillivrayi and G. rubiginosa suggest that these plants are tetraploids. Altogether, the current data available suggest that New Caledonian Grevillea are allotetraploids, resulting from one or two hybridisation events between two or three distinct parents. A possible scenario is that modern Grevillea has descended from a hybrid swarm that formed 9–13 Mya between multiple immigrants (now extinct) that reached the island. Grevillea can be added to the list of island plant radiations with an early history of hybridisation and polyploidy. The relative importance, location and timing of these two mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The two groups of New Caledonian Grevillea may be easily distinguished by their inflorescences, flowers and fruits, with the gillivrayi group displaying greater ecological and morphological diversity. The seed characteristics of New Caledonian Grevillea are consistent with their pioneer behavior.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48434148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2183898
Iane Vallanzasca, S. Boutry, Martin Laviale, E. Quinton, S. Morin
{"title":"Development of a collaborative web platform documenting the diversity and extent of diatom deformities","authors":"Iane Vallanzasca, S. Boutry, Martin Laviale, E. Quinton, S. Morin","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2183898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2183898","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43921686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2183899
C. Strullu‐Derrien, M. Ballèvre, Alan R. T. Spencer, Erwan Guillou, Jean-Paul Gislard, H. Lardeux, C. Cleal
ABSTRACT The “Coteaux du Pont Barré” in Beaulieu-sur-Layon is a Regional Natural Reserve which is home to exceptional flora and fauna. Recently fossil plants have been discovered at the site adding to its natural heritage significance. The exposure which is part of the “Sillon Houiller de la Basse-Loire” contains Serpukhovian-age (330–320 Ma) remains of sphenophytes, ferns, and lyginopteridopsid and cycadopsid pteridosperms, which are described for the first time as well as the geology of the site. Most Carboniferous macroflora previously described from the Maine-et-Loire has been based on ex situ specimens from now abandoned and inaccessible coal mines. The newly described macroflora shows evidence of in situ remains and differs somewhat in composition from those reported from the coal workings, especially in the total absence of lycopsids and Calymmotheca pteridosperms, and instead having abundant medullosalean foliage (Neuralethopteris). The co-occurrence of Sphenopteris elegans and Neuralethopteris densifolia suggests a slightly younger age compared to the macrofloras documented from the coal-bearing deposits. However, this could be an ecological consequence of the flora growing in better-drained substrate habitats.
位于勒昂河畔Beaulieu-sur-Layon的“桥谷”是一个区域自然保护区，这里有着独特的动植物群。最近在该遗址发现的植物化石增加了其自然遗产的重要性。该暴露物是“Sillon Houiller de la Basse-Loire”的一部分，其中包含Serpukhovian-age (330-320 Ma)的蕨类植物，蕨类植物，lyginopteridopides和cycadopsid翼类植物的遗迹，这是第一次描述这些植物以及该遗址的地质情况。以前在缅因-卢瓦尔描述的大多数石炭纪大型植物群都是基于现已废弃和难以进入的煤矿的迁地标本。新描述的大植物区系显示了原位遗迹的证据，其组成与煤工作中报道的大植物区系有所不同，特别是完全没有石松类和萼藓类翼类植物，而是有丰富的髓鞘类植物(神经蕨)。秀丽隐杆蝶和密叶神经蝶的共存表明，与含煤矿床记录的大型植物区系相比，它们的年龄略小。然而，这可能是植物群生长在排水更好的基质栖息地的生态后果。
{"title":"The Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) macroflora from the “Coteaux du Pont Barré”, Beaulieu-sur-Layon (Maine-et-Loire), South of the Armorican Massif, France","authors":"C. Strullu‐Derrien, M. Ballèvre, Alan R. T. Spencer, Erwan Guillou, Jean-Paul Gislard, H. Lardeux, C. Cleal","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2183899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2183899","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The “Coteaux du Pont Barré” in Beaulieu-sur-Layon is a Regional Natural Reserve which is home to exceptional flora and fauna. Recently fossil plants have been discovered at the site adding to its natural heritage significance. The exposure which is part of the “Sillon Houiller de la Basse-Loire” contains Serpukhovian-age (330–320 Ma) remains of sphenophytes, ferns, and lyginopteridopsid and cycadopsid pteridosperms, which are described for the first time as well as the geology of the site. Most Carboniferous macroflora previously described from the Maine-et-Loire has been based on ex situ specimens from now abandoned and inaccessible coal mines. The newly described macroflora shows evidence of in situ remains and differs somewhat in composition from those reported from the coal workings, especially in the total absence of lycopsids and Calymmotheca pteridosperms, and instead having abundant medullosalean foliage (Neuralethopteris). The co-occurrence of Sphenopteris elegans and Neuralethopteris densifolia suggests a slightly younger age compared to the macrofloras documented from the coal-bearing deposits. However, this could be an ecological consequence of the flora growing in better-drained substrate habitats.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48620460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2181215
Lucas Erickson Nascimento da Costa, Rafael de Paiva Farias, M. Kessler, I. C. Barros
ABSTRACT Environmental filters, competition, and phylogenetic relationships play crucial roles in determining plant functional patterns across different environmental scenarios, scales, and taxa. Patterns of functional convergence and divergence are crucial to understand trait-environment interactions and plant coexistence, which must consider multiple drivers partitioning the ecological, environmental, and evolutionary processes, an integrative approach explored in this study. We analyzed leaf trait convergence and divergence among co-occurring tropical fern species, the relationship between functional and taxonomic components, and the role of local environmental conditions on functional patterns. We established 22 plots in three forest remnants of northeastern Brazil and measured key leaf economic spectrum (LES) traits (leaf area – LA, specific leaf area – SLA, leaf dry-matter content – LDMC) in fern assemblages and quantified local environmental conditions (edaphic variables, basal area of trees, and rock cover). Functional trait convergence dominated the fern assemblages for all LES traits. We found a significant phylogenetic signal for LDMC. The increases in fern species richness show an association with an increase in convergence for LA, whereas changes in fern floristic composition were associated with convergence in LDMC. Regarding the local abiotic factors, increases in soil bases and pH were related to functional convergence in LA, and soil rock cover led to a divergence in SLA. For instance, divergence in LA occurred in poor assemblages and under more acid soils, while divergence in SLA occurred in heterogeneous environments. We conclude that multiple drivers affect fern functional patterns at fine scales in the tropical forest. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Factors driving trait-convergence linked to leaf economic spectrum in tropical ferns","authors":"Lucas Erickson Nascimento da Costa, Rafael de Paiva Farias, M. Kessler, I. C. Barros","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2181215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2181215","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Environmental filters, competition, and phylogenetic relationships play crucial roles in determining plant functional patterns across different environmental scenarios, scales, and taxa. Patterns of functional convergence and divergence are crucial to understand trait-environment interactions and plant coexistence, which must consider multiple drivers partitioning the ecological, environmental, and evolutionary processes, an integrative approach explored in this study. We analyzed leaf trait convergence and divergence among co-occurring tropical fern species, the relationship between functional and taxonomic components, and the role of local environmental conditions on functional patterns. We established 22 plots in three forest remnants of northeastern Brazil and measured key leaf economic spectrum (LES) traits (leaf area – LA, specific leaf area – SLA, leaf dry-matter content – LDMC) in fern assemblages and quantified local environmental conditions (edaphic variables, basal area of trees, and rock cover). Functional trait convergence dominated the fern assemblages for all LES traits. We found a significant phylogenetic signal for LDMC. The increases in fern species richness show an association with an increase in convergence for LA, whereas changes in fern floristic composition were associated with convergence in LDMC. Regarding the local abiotic factors, increases in soil bases and pH were related to functional convergence in LA, and soil rock cover led to a divergence in SLA. For instance, divergence in LA occurred in poor assemblages and under more acid soils, while divergence in SLA occurred in heterogeneous environments. We conclude that multiple drivers affect fern functional patterns at fine scales in the tropical forest. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48165174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2176355
K. Rashid, Sufiya Rashid, A. H. Ganie, I. A. Nawchoo, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo
ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the reproductive biology of Trillium govanianum — a medicinally important endangered plant species endemic to the Himalaya. We specifically aimed to unravel the key floral traits that aid and/or limit the species’ reproduction, including the breeding strategies and modes of pollination. We studied qualitative and quantitative floral traits, and conducted different breeding experiments to understand reproductive biology of this plant species for its conservation and sustainable utilization. Our results show no temporal separation between anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity in the species, though essential organs are spatially separated. The absence of nectar secretion in the flowers and lack of pollenkitt in the pollen wall indicates anemophily is operative in the species; nevertheless, some flies and beetles were observed to occasionally visit the plants. The pollen/ovule ratio indicates a value between facultative-xenogamy to xenogamy. Our pollination experiment results reveal that the species undertakes both self- and cross-pollination. We observed a significant difference in fruit set between the supplemented and open-pollinated controls, indicating that the species might be pollen-limited. Although both self- and cross-pollinations are operating in the species, yet the fruit set was low, which may be due to the inefficient pollination system and meiotic abnormality found in the species. Overall, our results suggest that the reproduction in T. govanianum is limited by some inherent biological traits in combination with environmental conditions. Looking ahead, we highlight how our findings can help in guiding conservation of this endangered species in the Himalaya.
{"title":"Reproductive biology of Trillium govanianum, an endangered plant species endemic to the Himalaya: implications for conservation","authors":"K. Rashid, Sufiya Rashid, A. H. Ganie, I. A. Nawchoo, Anzar Ahmad Khuroo","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2176355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2176355","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, we investigated the reproductive biology of Trillium govanianum — a medicinally important endangered plant species endemic to the Himalaya. We specifically aimed to unravel the key floral traits that aid and/or limit the species’ reproduction, including the breeding strategies and modes of pollination. We studied qualitative and quantitative floral traits, and conducted different breeding experiments to understand reproductive biology of this plant species for its conservation and sustainable utilization. Our results show no temporal separation between anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity in the species, though essential organs are spatially separated. The absence of nectar secretion in the flowers and lack of pollenkitt in the pollen wall indicates anemophily is operative in the species; nevertheless, some flies and beetles were observed to occasionally visit the plants. The pollen/ovule ratio indicates a value between facultative-xenogamy to xenogamy. Our pollination experiment results reveal that the species undertakes both self- and cross-pollination. We observed a significant difference in fruit set between the supplemented and open-pollinated controls, indicating that the species might be pollen-limited. Although both self- and cross-pollinations are operating in the species, yet the fruit set was low, which may be due to the inefficient pollination system and meiotic abnormality found in the species. Overall, our results suggest that the reproduction in T. govanianum is limited by some inherent biological traits in combination with environmental conditions. Looking ahead, we highlight how our findings can help in guiding conservation of this endangered species in the Himalaya.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49515334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-21DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2177729
Charlotte Goeyers, B. Van de Vijver
{"title":"The diatom genus Humidophila (Bacillariophyta) in an historic Delogne sample with the description of 2 new species","authors":"Charlotte Goeyers, B. Van de Vijver","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2177729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2177729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43018693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1080/23818107.2023.2176356
Mériem Marfoua, E. Buisson, S. Bissati-Bouafia, A. Eddoud, Ahmed Benchettouh
ABSTRACT Native plants of the Sahara are remarkably resistant to prolonged droughts and are important sources of forage, food, and medicine. Their regeneration from seeds after strong anthropogenic disturbances is a challenging step toward their conservation and to mitigate desertification. We studied the germination responses of 43 dominant native species of the Sahara desert that could be propagated from seeds for future ecological restoration projects, exploring the effects of cold stratification and temperatures on seed germination. Seeds were stratified at 4°C for 3 days and then tested for germination at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. While cold stratification negatively affected four species, it improved the germination of 36 species. Five of these species required cold stratification to germinate. Temperatures during the germination trial significantly influenced seed germinability. Twenty-three species (54%) germinated to higher percentages at intermediate temperatures (20 to 30°C) similar to the maximum temperatures of the rainiest months, when germination in the field is high. Thirteen species (30%) also germinated at a higher temperature (40°C). Seven species (16%) germinated best at low temperatures (5 to 10°C). Our results suggest that cold stratification is an efficient and easy treatment to apply prior to sowing seeds in the field for restoration.
{"title":"Improving seed germination of native species for camel rangeland restoration: effects of cold stratification and temperature","authors":"Mériem Marfoua, E. Buisson, S. Bissati-Bouafia, A. Eddoud, Ahmed Benchettouh","doi":"10.1080/23818107.2023.2176356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2023.2176356","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Native plants of the Sahara are remarkably resistant to prolonged droughts and are important sources of forage, food, and medicine. Their regeneration from seeds after strong anthropogenic disturbances is a challenging step toward their conservation and to mitigate desertification. We studied the germination responses of 43 dominant native species of the Sahara desert that could be propagated from seeds for future ecological restoration projects, exploring the effects of cold stratification and temperatures on seed germination. Seeds were stratified at 4°C for 3 days and then tested for germination at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. While cold stratification negatively affected four species, it improved the germination of 36 species. Five of these species required cold stratification to germinate. Temperatures during the germination trial significantly influenced seed germinability. Twenty-three species (54%) germinated to higher percentages at intermediate temperatures (20 to 30°C) similar to the maximum temperatures of the rainiest months, when germination in the field is high. Thirteen species (30%) also germinated at a higher temperature (40°C). Seven species (16%) germinated best at low temperatures (5 to 10°C). Our results suggest that cold stratification is an efficient and easy treatment to apply prior to sowing seeds in the field for restoration.","PeriodicalId":54302,"journal":{"name":"Botany Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49533837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：