The national park with Chinese characteristics is the highest level of protection of a kind of natural protection, its establishment marks the park will implement the strictest ecological protection means. It is of great value to construct the utilization system of national park resources under the new natural protected area system in the new era to avoid the misunderstanding of “ecological protection only” and explore how to carry out the sustainable utilization of resources in the reform of national park system and mechanism. According to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi method, the evaluation framework, indicators, reference standards and weights of resource utilization under the national park system were determined in combination with the requirements of constructing the protected natural area system and the total value of resource ecosystem services (including harvest value, existence value and future value). Based on the application research of Bawangling zone of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, the optimal resource utilization system in the future was proposed, and two optimization strategies of ecological adjustment of resource utilization system and construction of suitable resource utilization system were put forward.
{"title":"Optimization strategy of national park resource utilization system—Take Bawangling Zone of Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park as an example","authors":"Shuwen Xiao, Chen Zhan, Mengqiao Wang, Qiaoyun Sun, Yujun Zhang","doi":"10.24294/sf.v4i2.1607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v4i2.1607","url":null,"abstract":"The national park with Chinese characteristics is the highest level of protection of a kind of natural protection, its establishment marks the park will implement the strictest ecological protection means. It is of great value to construct the utilization system of national park resources under the new natural protected area system in the new era to avoid the misunderstanding of “ecological protection only” and explore how to carry out the sustainable utilization of resources in the reform of national park system and mechanism. According to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi method, the evaluation framework, indicators, reference standards and weights of resource utilization under the national park system were determined in combination with the requirements of constructing the protected natural area system and the total value of resource ecosystem services (including harvest value, existence value and future value). Based on the application research of Bawangling zone of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, the optimal resource utilization system in the future was proposed, and two optimization strategies of ecological adjustment of resource utilization system and construction of suitable resource utilization system were put forward.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87206335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. D. L. Saavedra-Romero, Dionicio Alvarado-Rosales, Patricia Hernández-de La Rosa, T. Martínez-Trinidad, G. Mora-Aguilera, Jaime Villa-Castillo
Urban green areas provide various services to society and the environment. The Bosque San Juan de Aragón is one of the few green areas in the northeast of Mexico City and the current condition of its trees in terms of health is not known with precision. In the present study, the protocol for the crown condition indicator was implemented and adapted in 28 circular plots of 0.1 ha, randomly established in the aforementioned forest. All trees within each plot were measured for normal diameter (ND) and total height (TA), and their taxonomic classification, crown condition and plantation density were determined. For crown condition, six variables were measured: proportion of live crown (PLC), crown density (CD), crown transparency (CTR), dieback (DB), crown position (CP) and light exposure (LE). The first four were measured in 5% classes and the remaining two were measured on an ordinal scale. A total of 760 trees were evaluated, grouped into 10 families, 11 genera and 12 species. The average values for the crown variables were 56.37% PLC, 44.38% CD, 4.04% DB and 38.4% CTR. Only PLC reached the established standards of tree health found in other studies, while CD was low and CTR and DB values were high.
{"title":"Canopy condition: Health indicator of urban trees in the San Juan de Aragón Forest, Mexico City","authors":"L. D. L. Saavedra-Romero, Dionicio Alvarado-Rosales, Patricia Hernández-de La Rosa, T. Martínez-Trinidad, G. Mora-Aguilera, Jaime Villa-Castillo","doi":"10.24294/sf.v5i1.1623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v5i1.1623","url":null,"abstract":"Urban green areas provide various services to society and the environment. The Bosque San Juan de Aragón is one of the few green areas in the northeast of Mexico City and the current condition of its trees in terms of health is not known with precision. In the present study, the protocol for the crown condition indicator was implemented and adapted in 28 circular plots of 0.1 ha, randomly established in the aforementioned forest. All trees within each plot were measured for normal diameter (ND) and total height (TA), and their taxonomic classification, crown condition and plantation density were determined. For crown condition, six variables were measured: proportion of live crown (PLC), crown density (CD), crown transparency (CTR), dieback (DB), crown position (CP) and light exposure (LE). The first four were measured in 5% classes and the remaining two were measured on an ordinal scale. A total of 760 trees were evaluated, grouped into 10 families, 11 genera and 12 species. The average values for the crown variables were 56.37% PLC, 44.38% CD, 4.04% DB and 38.4% CTR. Only PLC reached the established standards of tree health found in other studies, while CD was low and CTR and DB values were high.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72714260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Ramírez, Héctor Cruz-Jiménez, Juan Alba-Landa, Lilia del Carmen Mendizábal-Hernández, E. O. Ramírez-García
With the purpose of identifying the characteristics of variation in fruit size and seed production (potential and efficiency) of Cedrela odorata L. between sites and progenies established in the ejido La Balsa, municipality of Emiliano Zapata, Veracruz, fruits were harvested from 20 trees in February 2013, preserving the identity of each one. Fruit length and width were measured, seed was extracted and developed and aborted seeds were counted to calculate Seed Production Potential (SPP) and Seed Efficiency (SE). The results showed significant differences between sites and between progenies and for fruit length between sites. The mean values found were: 32.52 mm (fruit length), 18.73 mm (fruit width), 39.9 seeds per fruit (SPP) and 57.51% (SE). The seed of this species for its use should be selected taking into account the production characteristics of crops and outstanding individual trees, in addition, due to the current regulatory restrictions on seed collection, the establishment of trials and plantations for germplasm production is a viable option for forest management of the species.
2013年2月，为了确定在韦拉克鲁兹州埃米利亚诺萨帕塔市ejido La Balsa建立的雪松遗址和后代之间果实大小和种子产量(潜力和效率)的变化特征，我们从20棵树上收获了果实，并保留了每棵树的特性。测定果实长度和宽度，提取和发育种子，统计流产种子，计算种子生产潜力(SPP)和种子效率(SE)。结果表明，位点间、子代间及位点间果实长度存在显著差异。平均果长32.52 mm，果宽18.73 mm，每果39.9粒(SPP)， SE值为57.51%。在选择该树种的种子供其使用时，应考虑到作物和杰出的单株树的生产特点，此外，由于目前对种子收集的管制限制，为种质生产建立试验和种植园是该树种森林管理的一个可行选择。
{"title":"Cedrela odorata L. seed yield variation at two sites in Veracruz, Mexico","authors":"J. M. Ramírez, Héctor Cruz-Jiménez, Juan Alba-Landa, Lilia del Carmen Mendizábal-Hernández, E. O. Ramírez-García","doi":"10.24294/sf.v5i1.1622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v5i1.1622","url":null,"abstract":"With the purpose of identifying the characteristics of variation in fruit size and seed production (potential and efficiency) of Cedrela odorata L. between sites and progenies established in the ejido La Balsa, municipality of Emiliano Zapata, Veracruz, fruits were harvested from 20 trees in February 2013, preserving the identity of each one. Fruit length and width were measured, seed was extracted and developed and aborted seeds were counted to calculate Seed Production Potential (SPP) and Seed Efficiency (SE). The results showed significant differences between sites and between progenies and for fruit length between sites. The mean values found were: 32.52 mm (fruit length), 18.73 mm (fruit width), 39.9 seeds per fruit (SPP) and 57.51% (SE). The seed of this species for its use should be selected taking into account the production characteristics of crops and outstanding individual trees, in addition, due to the current regulatory restrictions on seed collection, the establishment of trials and plantations for germplasm production is a viable option for forest management of the species.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76009005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fred Ramirez, Gumercindo A. Castillo, Y. Flores, Octavio F. Galván, Luisa Riveros, Lyanna H. Sáenz
Species of the Moraceae family are of great economic, medicinal and ecological importance in Amazonia. However, there are few studies on their diversity and population dynamics in residual forests. The objective was to determine the composition, structure and ecological importance of Moraceae in a residual forest. The applied method was descriptive and consisted of establishing 16 plots of 20 m × 50 m (0.10 ha), in a residual forest of the Alexánder von Humboldt substation of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation-INIA, Pucallpa, department of Ucayali, where individuals of arboreal or hemi-epiphytic habit, with DBH ≥ 2.50 cm, were evaluated. The floristic composition was represented by 33 species, distributed in 12 genera; five species not recorded for Ucayali were found. Structurally, the family was represented by 138 individuals/ha with a horizontal distribution similar to an irregular inverted “J”. However, there were different horizontal structures among species. It was determined that 85% of the species were in diameter class I (2.50 to 9.99 cm), being the most abundant Pseudolmedia laevis (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr. (41.88 individuals/ha); and the most dominant were Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken (1.71 m2∕ha) and Brosimum alicastrum subsp. bolivarense (Pittier) C.C.Berg (0.90 m2/ha). Likewise, P. laevis and B. utile were the most ecologically important. The information from the present research will allow the establishment of a baseline, which can be used to propose the management of Moraceae in residual forests in the same study area.
桑科植物在亚马逊地区具有重要的经济、药用和生态价值。然而，对其多样性和种群动态的研究很少。目的是确定桑科植物在残余林中的组成、结构和生态重要性。采用描述性方法，在乌卡亚利省普卡尔帕国立农业创新研究所(inia) Alexánder von Humboldt分站的残林中建立16个20 m × 50 m (0.10 ha)的样地，对胸径≥2.50 cm的乔木或半附生习性个体进行评价。区系组成有33种，分布于12属;在乌卡亚利发现了5个没有记录的物种。在结构上，该家族以138个/ha为代表，呈不规则倒“J”型水平分布。然而，不同物种间存在不同的水平结构。经测定，85%的种直径为I级(2.50 ~ 9.99 cm)，是最丰富的假媒介laevis (Ruiz & Pav.)。参考书籍Macbr。(41.88人/公顷);其中，最主要的是溴铵(Kunth) Oken (1.71 m2∕ha)和溴铵(Brosimum alicastrum subsp)。bolivarense (Pittier) c.c.b berg (0.90 m2/ha)。同样地，绿叶假单胞菌和白叶假单胞菌的生态重要性最大。本研究的资料将允许建立一个基线，该基线可用于在同一研究区域的残林中提出Moraceae的管理建议。
{"title":"Composition, structure and ecological importance of Moraceae in a residual forest of Ucayali, Peru","authors":"Fred Ramirez, Gumercindo A. Castillo, Y. Flores, Octavio F. Galván, Luisa Riveros, Lyanna H. Sáenz","doi":"10.24294/sf.v5i1.1621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v5i1.1621","url":null,"abstract":"Species of the Moraceae family are of great economic, medicinal and ecological importance in Amazonia. However, there are few studies on their diversity and population dynamics in residual forests. The objective was to determine the composition, structure and ecological importance of Moraceae in a residual forest. The applied method was descriptive and consisted of establishing 16 plots of 20 m × 50 m (0.10 ha), in a residual forest of the Alexánder von Humboldt substation of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation-INIA, Pucallpa, department of Ucayali, where individuals of arboreal or hemi-epiphytic habit, with DBH ≥ 2.50 cm, were evaluated. The floristic composition was represented by 33 species, distributed in 12 genera; five species not recorded for Ucayali were found. Structurally, the family was represented by 138 individuals/ha with a horizontal distribution similar to an irregular inverted “J”. However, there were different horizontal structures among species. It was determined that 85% of the species were in diameter class I (2.50 to 9.99 cm), being the most abundant Pseudolmedia laevis (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr. (41.88 individuals/ha); and the most dominant were Brosimum utile (Kunth) Oken (1.71 m2∕ha) and Brosimum alicastrum subsp. bolivarense (Pittier) C.C.Berg (0.90 m2/ha). Likewise, P. laevis and B. utile were the most ecologically important. The information from the present research will allow the establishment of a baseline, which can be used to propose the management of Moraceae in residual forests in the same study area.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74126069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-28DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2022.2128377
T. Nath, N. Khan, Abu Smg Kibria, U. Goodale
ABSTRACT Non-state actors (NSA) have become increasingly important in forest management and governance but with strikingly limited research on this subject. Here, we critically review the historical evolution and roles of major NSA in forest governance in selected tropical countries identifying the major challenges regarding sustainable and effective engagement of NSA and suggest pathways for better utilization of NSA. Historical evolution of forest governance revealed that the nature and role of NSA have substantially changed over time and NSA has expanded and diversified since the late 1970s with the introduction of different forms of community-based forest management (CBFM) models. Nevertheless, due to challenges such as predominant revenue orientation of forest governance that overshadows effective participation of NSA in governance, tenurial uncertainty, dependence on external funds and facilitation, ad hoc and project-based nature of operation, and sustainability of the relevant institutions, the outcomes of CBFM were limited. We conclude our synthesis calling for stronger policy, financial, and procedural support that ensures effective collaborations and partnerships with NSA that can result in positive outcomes for forest conservation and improvement of forest dependent local peoples’ livelihoods.
{"title":"Non-state Actors in Forest Governance: Genesis, Status, Challenges and Way Forward","authors":"T. Nath, N. Khan, Abu Smg Kibria, U. Goodale","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2022.2128377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2022.2128377","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Non-state actors (NSA) have become increasingly important in forest management and governance but with strikingly limited research on this subject. Here, we critically review the historical evolution and roles of major NSA in forest governance in selected tropical countries identifying the major challenges regarding sustainable and effective engagement of NSA and suggest pathways for better utilization of NSA. Historical evolution of forest governance revealed that the nature and role of NSA have substantially changed over time and NSA has expanded and diversified since the late 1970s with the introduction of different forms of community-based forest management (CBFM) models. Nevertheless, due to challenges such as predominant revenue orientation of forest governance that overshadows effective participation of NSA in governance, tenurial uncertainty, dependence on external funds and facilitation, ad hoc and project-based nature of operation, and sustainability of the relevant institutions, the outcomes of CBFM were limited. We conclude our synthesis calling for stronger policy, financial, and procedural support that ensures effective collaborations and partnerships with NSA that can result in positive outcomes for forest conservation and improvement of forest dependent local peoples’ livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"41 1","pages":"223 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47322889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mu-Ji Huang, Yanfang Liang, Fucong Su, Yuanli Zhu, Zhihui Li, Liling Liu, Suya Zhao, Y. Gong
Objective: To study the growth, accumulation and soil nutrient content of each overseeded species under different interharvesting intensity treatments of Eucalyptus, and to explore the best re-cultivation method suitable for mixed overseeded species after Eucalyptus interharvesting. Methods: In Guangxi state-owned Qipo forest, Eucalyptus tailorii with different planting densities (DH32-29) were mixed with Castanopsis hystrix, Mytilaria laosensis and Michelia macclurei, and four different treatments (CK, LT, MT and HT) were established for re-cultivation of Eucalyptus near-mature forests with different logging intensities, and the differences in growth conditions and soil physicochemical properties of each species were analyzed. Results: (1) As the proportion of Eucalyptus allocation decreased, the growth of Eucalyptus diameter at breast height, tree height and individual wood volume could be promoted; the growth of the three parameters of HT and MT Eucalyptus were significantly different from LT and CK. (2) The average wood volume per plant of the set species in the CK and LT treatments was Mytilaria laosensis > Michelia macclurei > Castanopsis hystrix, while in the MT and HT treatments it was Mytilaria laosensis > Castanopsis hystrix > Michelia macclurei. (3) The differences in soil aeration, total saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, and field water holding capacity in soil layers of different depth varied. In the same soil layer, soil aeration, total porosity and capillary porosity were HT > CK > LT > MT; saturated water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity were HT > CK > LT > MT, while field water holding capacity was CK > HT > LT > MT. (4) Organic matter, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, fast-acting nitrogen, fast-acting phosphorus, and fast-acting potassium changed with varying soil depth in each treatment.
目的:研究桉树不同互采强度处理下各过种树种的生长、积累和土壤养分含量，探索适合于桉树互采后混合过种的最佳复育方法。方法:在广西国有奇坡林内，将不同种植密度(DH32-29)的尾尾桉与桃槠、老杨木和含水含红混种，建立4种不同采伐强度的桉树近熟林复植处理(CK、LT、MT和HT)，分析各树种生长条件和土壤理化性质的差异。结果:(1)随着桉树配置比例的降低，桉树胸径、树高和单株材积的生长均有促进作用;高温处理和MT处理的3个指标与对照和LT处理差异显著。(2)固定种单株平均材积在CK和LT处理下依次为老杨木>黑含笑>桃壳栲，而在MT和HT处理下依次为老杨木>桃壳栲>桃壳栲。(3)不同深度土层的土壤通气性、总饱和持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量差异不同。同一土层土壤通气量、总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度均为HT > CK > LT > MT;饱和持水量和毛管持水量为HT > CK > LT > MT，田间持水量为CK > HT > LT > MT。(4)各处理土壤有机质、pH、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾随土层深度变化。
{"title":"Effects of interplanting native species of Eucalyptus on stand growth and soil physicochemical properties under different interplanting intensities","authors":"Mu-Ji Huang, Yanfang Liang, Fucong Su, Yuanli Zhu, Zhihui Li, Liling Liu, Suya Zhao, Y. Gong","doi":"10.24294/sf.v5i1.1620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v5i1.1620","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the growth, accumulation and soil nutrient content of each overseeded species under different interharvesting intensity treatments of Eucalyptus, and to explore the best re-cultivation method suitable for mixed overseeded species after Eucalyptus interharvesting. Methods: In Guangxi state-owned Qipo forest, Eucalyptus tailorii with different planting densities (DH32-29) were mixed with Castanopsis hystrix, Mytilaria laosensis and Michelia macclurei, and four different treatments (CK, LT, MT and HT) were established for re-cultivation of Eucalyptus near-mature forests with different logging intensities, and the differences in growth conditions and soil physicochemical properties of each species were analyzed. Results: (1) As the proportion of Eucalyptus allocation decreased, the growth of Eucalyptus diameter at breast height, tree height and individual wood volume could be promoted; the growth of the three parameters of HT and MT Eucalyptus were significantly different from LT and CK. (2) The average wood volume per plant of the set species in the CK and LT treatments was Mytilaria laosensis > Michelia macclurei > Castanopsis hystrix, while in the MT and HT treatments it was Mytilaria laosensis > Castanopsis hystrix > Michelia macclurei. (3) The differences in soil aeration, total saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, and field water holding capacity in soil layers of different depth varied. In the same soil layer, soil aeration, total porosity and capillary porosity were HT > CK > LT > MT; saturated water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity were HT > CK > LT > MT, while field water holding capacity was CK > HT > LT > MT. (4) Organic matter, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, fast-acting nitrogen, fast-acting phosphorus, and fast-acting potassium changed with varying soil depth in each treatment.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75110100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingjing Xu, Peng Liu, Shuqi Zheng, Bo Chen, Xinbing Yang
Objective: To study the changes of growth, physiological and absorption characteristics of Pinus bungeana under ozone (O3) stress, to elucidate the correlations among the indicators, and to determine its degree of response to O3. Methods: The growth, physiological characteristics and O3 uptake capacity of Pinus bungeana seedlings were measured in an open-top O3 fumigation manual control experiment with three concentration gradients (NF: normal atmospheric O3 concentration, NF40: normal atmospheric O3 concentration plus 40 nmlol/mol; NF80: normal atmospheric O3 concentration plus 80 nmol/mol), and the relationships between the characteristics of Pinus bungeana under different O3 concentrations were investigated with correlation analysis, redundancy analysis and analysis of variance. Results: (1) Plant height growth (ΔH), diameter growth at 50 cm (ΔDBH), stomatal size (S), stomatal density (M), stomatal opening (K), stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Et), water use efficiency (WUE), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content (CHL), whole tree water consumption (W), and O3 uptake rate () all decreased with the increase of O3 concentration; while intercellular CO2 concentration () and relative conductivity (L) increased with the increase of O3 concentration; (2) growth indicators of Pinus bungeana under O3 stress (ΔH, ΔDBH) were the most correlated with O3 uptake status (, W), followed by photosynthetic indicators (, WUE, ,, ) and growth indicators (ΔH, ΔDBH) and stomatal characteristics (K, M, S) under O3 stress, some physiological indicators (L, ) were relatively weakly correlated with photosynthesis (, WUE,,, ) and stomatal (K, M, S); (3) all the indicators of Pinus bungeana were significantly different under O3 treatments of NF and NF80 (P < 0.05), ΔH, ΔDBH, M, CHL, , , W and were most significantly different under NF and NF40 treatments, and K, S, WUE, , , , L were more significantly different under NF40 and NF80 treatments. Conclusion: The experiment proved that the growth of Pinus bungeana was slowed, photosynthetic capacity was reduced, and the absorption capacity of O3 was further reduced by long-term exposure to high concentration of O3. The growth of Pinus bungeana was most correlated with the changes of O3 absorption characteristics, and the stomatal characteristics were most correlated with photosynthetic physiological characteristics, and the reduction of photosynthetic capacity etc. further led to the curtailment of its growth.
目的:研究臭氧(O3)胁迫下白皮松(Pinus bungeana)生长、生理及吸收特性的变化，阐明各项指标之间的相关性，确定其对臭氧的响应程度。方法:采用3个浓度梯度(NF:正常大气O3浓度，NF40:正常大气O3浓度+ 40 nmol /mol;采用相关分析、冗余分析和方差分析等方法，研究不同O3浓度下白皮松特性之间的关系。结果:(1)株高生长(ΔH)、50 cm处直径生长(ΔDBH)、气孔大小(S)、气孔密度(M)、气孔开度(K)、气孔导度(Gs)、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Et)、水分利用效率(WUE)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素含量(CHL)、全树耗水量(W)、O3吸收率()均随O3浓度的增加而降低;细胞间CO2浓度()和相对电导率(L)随O3浓度的增加而增加;(2) O3胁迫下白皮松生长指标(ΔH， ΔDBH)与O3吸收状态(，W)的相关性最大，其次是光合指标(，WUE，，，)，生长指标(ΔH， ΔDBH)和气孔特征(K, M, S)，部分生理指标(L，)与光合(，WUE…)和气孔(K, M, S)的相关性较弱;(3)白皮松各指标在NF和NF80的O3处理下差异均显著(P < 0.05)， ΔH、ΔDBH、M、CHL、、W在NF和NF40处理下差异最为显著，K、S、WUE，，，， L在NF40和NF80处理下差异更为显著。结论:实验证明，长期暴露在高浓度的O3环境下，白皮松生长缓慢，光合能力降低，对O3的吸收能力进一步降低。白皮松的生长与O3吸收特性的变化关系最为密切，气孔特性与光合生理特性关系最为密切，而光合能力的降低等又进一步导致了其生长的缩减。
{"title":"The response system of the growth, physiological and uptake characteristics of Pinus bungeana under ozone stress","authors":"Jingjing Xu, Peng Liu, Shuqi Zheng, Bo Chen, Xinbing Yang","doi":"10.24294/sf.v5i1.1619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v5i1.1619","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the changes of growth, physiological and absorption characteristics of Pinus bungeana under ozone (O3) stress, to elucidate the correlations among the indicators, and to determine its degree of response to O3. Methods: The growth, physiological characteristics and O3 uptake capacity of Pinus bungeana seedlings were measured in an open-top O3 fumigation manual control experiment with three concentration gradients (NF: normal atmospheric O3 concentration, NF40: normal atmospheric O3 concentration plus 40 nmlol/mol; NF80: normal atmospheric O3 concentration plus 80 nmol/mol), and the relationships between the characteristics of Pinus bungeana under different O3 concentrations were investigated with correlation analysis, redundancy analysis and analysis of variance. Results: (1) Plant height growth (ΔH), diameter growth at 50 cm (ΔDBH), stomatal size (S), stomatal density (M), stomatal opening (K), stomatal conductance (Gs), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Et), water use efficiency (WUE), maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content (CHL), whole tree water consumption (W), and O3 uptake rate () all decreased with the increase of O3 concentration; while intercellular CO2 concentration () and relative conductivity (L) increased with the increase of O3 concentration; (2) growth indicators of Pinus bungeana under O3 stress (ΔH, ΔDBH) were the most correlated with O3 uptake status (, W), followed by photosynthetic indicators (, WUE, ,, ) and growth indicators (ΔH, ΔDBH) and stomatal characteristics (K, M, S) under O3 stress, some physiological indicators (L, ) were relatively weakly correlated with photosynthesis (, WUE,,, ) and stomatal (K, M, S); (3) all the indicators of Pinus bungeana were significantly different under O3 treatments of NF and NF80 (P < 0.05), ΔH, ΔDBH, M, CHL, , , W and were most significantly different under NF and NF40 treatments, and K, S, WUE, , , , L were more significantly different under NF40 and NF80 treatments. Conclusion: The experiment proved that the growth of Pinus bungeana was slowed, photosynthetic capacity was reduced, and the absorption capacity of O3 was further reduced by long-term exposure to high concentration of O3. The growth of Pinus bungeana was most correlated with the changes of O3 absorption characteristics, and the stomatal characteristics were most correlated with photosynthetic physiological characteristics, and the reduction of photosynthetic capacity etc. further led to the curtailment of its growth.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87308480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-27DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2022.2059687
Carlos Rodriguez Franco, Jennifer Conje
ABSTRACT A review covering a synopsis of the history of forest sustainability concepts and how it has led to the social, economic, and legal frameworks, criteria and indicators, and key incentive programs, which promote and influence conservation and sustainable management of forests in the United States of America is presented in two parts. The main findings show that the United States of America is a world leader in sustainable forest management, demonstrated by the fact that since the beginning of the 20th Century, forest area has been relatively stable although the population has increased, and the country remains one of the top timber producers in the world. Sustainable forest management in the United States of America is achieved in the context of private and public ownership, stakeholder collaboration, a federalist system with overarching federal laws that give freedom to state and local jurisdictions to use regulatory and voluntary means to achieve those aims, and a variety of government incentive programs offering technical assistance, financial assistance, and tax relief for landowners who proactively practice responsible forest management. This framework is reinforced through consistent enforcement of laws, monitoring, and reporting of changing conditions, and an array of future modeling to inform management actions.
{"title":"The Evolution of the Dialogue and Perspectives on Sustainable Forest Management with Special Emphasis on the United States of America","authors":"Carlos Rodriguez Franco, Jennifer Conje","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2022.2059687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2022.2059687","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A review covering a synopsis of the history of forest sustainability concepts and how it has led to the social, economic, and legal frameworks, criteria and indicators, and key incentive programs, which promote and influence conservation and sustainable management of forests in the United States of America is presented in two parts. The main findings show that the United States of America is a world leader in sustainable forest management, demonstrated by the fact that since the beginning of the 20th Century, forest area has been relatively stable although the population has increased, and the country remains one of the top timber producers in the world. Sustainable forest management in the United States of America is achieved in the context of private and public ownership, stakeholder collaboration, a federalist system with overarching federal laws that give freedom to state and local jurisdictions to use regulatory and voluntary means to achieve those aims, and a variety of government incentive programs offering technical assistance, financial assistance, and tax relief for landowners who proactively practice responsible forest management. This framework is reinforced through consistent enforcement of laws, monitoring, and reporting of changing conditions, and an array of future modeling to inform management actions.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"747 - 791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47221825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The influence of climate on forest stands cannot be ignored, but most of the previous forest stand growth models were constructed under the presumption of invariant climate and could not estimate the stand growth under climate change. The model was constructed to provide a theoretical basis for forest operators to take reasonable management measures for fir under the influence of climate. Methods: Based on the survey data of 638 cedar plantation plots in Hunan Province, the optimal base model was selected from four biologically significant alternative stand basal area models, and the significant climate factors without serious covariance were selected by multiple stepwise regression analysis. The optimal form of random effects was determined, and then a model with climatic effects was constructed for the cross-sectional growth of fir plantations. Results: Richards formula is the optimal form of the basic model of stand basal area growth. The coefficient of adjustment was 0.8355; the average summer maximum temperature and the water vapor loss in Hargreaves climate affected the maximum and rate of fir stand stand growth respectively, and were negatively correlated with the stand growth. The adjusted coefficient of determination of the fir stand area break model with climate effects was 0.8921, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 3.0792, and the mean relative error absolute value (MARE) was 9.9011; compared with the optimal base model, improved by 6.77%, RMSE decreased by 19.04%, and MARE decreased by 15.95%. Conclusion: The construction of the stand cross-sectional area model with climate effects indicates that climate has a significant influence on stand growth, which supports the rationality of considering climate factors in the growth model, and it is important for the regional stand growth harvest and management of cedar while improving the accuracy and applicability of the model.
{"title":"A model of cross-sectional growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Hunan province with climate effects","authors":"Zhan Qi, Guangyu Zhu, Bingbing Yu, Hongna Liu, Yong Lv","doi":"10.24294/sf.v5i1.1618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/sf.v5i1.1618","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The influence of climate on forest stands cannot be ignored, but most of the previous forest stand growth models were constructed under the presumption of invariant climate and could not estimate the stand growth under climate change. The model was constructed to provide a theoretical basis for forest operators to take reasonable management measures for fir under the influence of climate. Methods: Based on the survey data of 638 cedar plantation plots in Hunan Province, the optimal base model was selected from four biologically significant alternative stand basal area models, and the significant climate factors without serious covariance were selected by multiple stepwise regression analysis. The optimal form of random effects was determined, and then a model with climatic effects was constructed for the cross-sectional growth of fir plantations. Results: Richards formula is the optimal form of the basic model of stand basal area growth. The coefficient of adjustment was 0.8355; the average summer maximum temperature and the water vapor loss in Hargreaves climate affected the maximum and rate of fir stand stand growth respectively, and were negatively correlated with the stand growth. The adjusted coefficient of determination of the fir stand area break model with climate effects was 0.8921, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 3.0792, and the mean relative error absolute value (MARE) was 9.9011; compared with the optimal base model, improved by 6.77%, RMSE decreased by 19.04%, and MARE decreased by 15.95%. Conclusion: The construction of the stand cross-sectional area model with climate effects indicates that climate has a significant influence on stand growth, which supports the rationality of considering climate factors in the growth model, and it is important for the regional stand growth harvest and management of cedar while improving the accuracy and applicability of the model.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72970872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/10549811.2022.2059516
S. M. Hojjati, M. Tafazoli, M. Imani, Mazaher Alazmani, A. Fallah, M. Pourmajidian
ABSTRACT Increased CO2 levels caused by human activities (e.g., fossil fuel consumption and deforestation) has become a major concern for climate change and caused environmental problems. Afforestation/reforestation can help mitigate CO2 emission in the atmosphere by sequestering atmospheric carbon (C) in tree biomass. Herein, the above- and below-ground C sequestration of two pioneer tree species, including Acer velutinum Bioss and Alnus glutinosa L plantation stands of 25 (A25) and 35 (A35) years old were studied. The mean annual growth of diameter at breast height (cm/year) was significantly higher in A35 than A25, while the mean growth of height (m/year) was significantly higher in A25. The total and mean annual growth of the tree biomass and C storage (root and trunk) was significantly higher in A35. The amount of soil C sequestration in A35 was also significantly higher than in A25. The above-ground C sequestration and the annual average of C sequestration of the trees were positively correlated with soil moisture, pH, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Our study illustrates the benefits of considering stand age in the growth and developmental patterns of forest ecosystems in estimating terrestrial C stocks.
{"title":"Variation in Carbon Sequestration and Soil Properties in Relation to Stand Age in Maple and Alder Plantations","authors":"S. M. Hojjati, M. Tafazoli, M. Imani, Mazaher Alazmani, A. Fallah, M. Pourmajidian","doi":"10.1080/10549811.2022.2059516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2022.2059516","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Increased CO2 levels caused by human activities (e.g., fossil fuel consumption and deforestation) has become a major concern for climate change and caused environmental problems. Afforestation/reforestation can help mitigate CO2 emission in the atmosphere by sequestering atmospheric carbon (C) in tree biomass. Herein, the above- and below-ground C sequestration of two pioneer tree species, including Acer velutinum Bioss and Alnus glutinosa L plantation stands of 25 (A25) and 35 (A35) years old were studied. The mean annual growth of diameter at breast height (cm/year) was significantly higher in A35 than A25, while the mean growth of height (m/year) was significantly higher in A25. The total and mean annual growth of the tree biomass and C storage (root and trunk) was significantly higher in A35. The amount of soil C sequestration in A35 was also significantly higher than in A25. The above-ground C sequestration and the annual average of C sequestration of the trees were positively correlated with soil moisture, pH, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Our study illustrates the benefits of considering stand age in the growth and developmental patterns of forest ecosystems in estimating terrestrial C stocks.","PeriodicalId":54313,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Forestry","volume":"42 1","pages":"640 - 654"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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