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Plant spatial aggregation modulates the interplay between plant competition and pollinator attraction with contrasting outcomes of plant fitness 植物空间聚集调节了植物竞争和传粉者吸引之间的相互作用,并具有不同的适应性结果
3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.5194/we-23-51-2023
María Hurtado, Oscar Godoy, Ignasi Bartomeus
Abstract. Ecosystem functions such as seed production are the result of a complex interplay between competitive plant–plant interactions and mutualistic pollinator–plant interactions. In this interplay, spatial plant aggregation could work in two different directions: it could increase hetero- and conspecific competition, thus reducing seed production; but it could also attract pollinators, increasing plant fitness. To shed light on how plant spatial arrangement modulates this balance, we conducted a field study in a Mediterranean annual grassland with three focal plant species with different phenology, Chamaemelum fuscatum (early phenology), Leontodon maroccanus (middle phenology) and Pulicaria paludosa (late phenology), and a diverse guild of pollinators (flies, bees, beetles and butterflies). All three species showed spatial aggregation of conspecific individuals. Additionally, we found that the two mechanisms were working simultaneously: crowded neighborhoods reduced individual seed production via plant–plant competition, but they also made individual plants more attractive for some pollinator guilds, increasing visitation rates and plant fitness. The balance between these two forces varied depending on the focal species and the spatial scale considered. Therefore, our results indicate that mutualistic interactions do not always effectively compensate for competitive interactions in situations of spatial aggregation of flowering plants, at least in our study system. We highlight the importance of explicitly considering the spatial structure at different spatial scales of multitrophic interactions to better understand individual plant fitness and community dynamics.
摘要种子生产等生态系统功能是竞争性植物-植物相互作用和互补性传粉者-植物相互作用复杂相互作用的结果。在这种相互作用中,空间植物聚集可以在两个不同的方向上起作用:它可以增加异种和同种竞争,从而减少种子产量;但它也可以吸引传粉者,提高植物的适应性。为了揭示植物空间安排是如何调节这种平衡的,我们在地中海一年生草地上进行了实地研究,研究对象包括三种不同物候的焦点植物,即褐毛Chamaemelum fuscatum(早期物候)、Leontodon maroccanus(中期物候)和Pulicaria paludosa(晚期物候),以及多种传粉媒介(苍蝇、蜜蜂、甲虫和蝴蝶)。3种物种均表现出同种个体的空间聚集性。此外,我们发现这两种机制同时起作用:拥挤的社区通过植物间的竞争减少了单个种子的产量,但它们也使单个植物对一些传粉者协会更具吸引力,增加了访问率和植物适应性。这两种力之间的平衡取决于焦点物种和所考虑的空间尺度。因此,我们的研究结果表明,在开花植物空间聚集的情况下,互惠相互作用并不总是有效地补偿竞争相互作用,至少在我们的研究系统中是这样。我们强调了明确考虑多营养相互作用在不同空间尺度上的空间结构对更好地理解植物个体适应度和群落动态的重要性。
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引用次数: 1
Little evidence for land-use filters on intraspecific trait variation in three arthropod groups 土地利用过滤器对三个节肢动物类群种内性状变异影响的证据很少
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.5194/we-23-35-2023
Katja Wehner, Matthias Brandt, A. Hilpert, Nadja K. Simons, N. Blüthgen
Abstract. Declines in species richness and abundance of insects over the last decadesare often driven by anthropogenic land use and can have severe consequencesfor ecosystem functioning. Many studies investigated the effects of land-use intensification on the distribution of phenotypic traits across species at the community level, often with mixed results. However, biotic and abiotic environmental filters and potential selection act on individuals within each species, i.e., at the species' population level, and thus drive the extent of intraspecific phenotypic variation. Here, we compare the morphological trait variation within selected species of dung beetles, bees and grasshoppers and link this variation to land-use intensity in forests and grasslands. Selected traits included absolute body size measures and relative leg, wing or eye size, or shape and are often interpreted as “functional traits” in the context of specific ecological responses or effects. We predicted that trait variability among individuals of arthropod species is reduced in intensivelyused ecosystems (with pronounced environmental filtering) compared tolow-intensity ones, particularly for arthropod species that were moreabundant in intensively used sites (“land-use winners” compared to“losers”). In general, only few effects of land-use intensity on traitvariation were found showing a decreasing variation with increasing land-useintensity in forests but an increasing variation in grasslands. Althoughmany studies confirmed strong land-use impacts on species composition,diversity and trait distribution, including evidence from the same land-usegradients, we were not able to confirm consistent effects at theintraspecific level. However, the choice of which traits are included inanalyses and the linkage between phenotypic variation and geneticvariability can strongly influence the conclusions drawn on ecologicalprocesses. Therefore, we suggest extending the use of intraspecific traitvariation on other, more specific response or effect traits and a broaderrange of species in future studies.
摘要在过去的几十年里,物种丰富度和昆虫数量的下降通常是由人为的土地利用造成的,并可能对生态系统功能造成严重后果。许多研究在群落水平上调查了土地利用集约化对物种间表型性状分布的影响,结果往往喜忧参半。然而,生物和非生物的环境过滤器和潜在的选择作用于每个物种内的个体,即在物种的种群水平上,从而驱动种内表型变异的程度。在这里,我们比较了屎壳郎、蜜蜂和蚱蜢的形态性状变异,并将这种变异与森林和草原的土地利用强度联系起来。所选择的性状包括绝对体型和相对腿、翅膀或眼睛的大小或形状,在特定的生态反应或影响背景下通常被解释为“功能性状”。我们预测,与低强度生态系统相比,节肢动物物种个体之间的性状变异性在集约利用的生态系统中(具有明显的环境过滤)有所降低,特别是对于在集约利用地点更丰富的节肢动物物种(“土地利用赢家”与“输家”相比)。总体而言,土地利用强度对性状变异的影响很小,森林的变化随土地利用强度的增加而减小,而草地的变化则增加。尽管许多研究证实了土地利用对物种组成、多样性和性状分布的强烈影响,包括来自相同土地利用梯度的证据,但我们无法证实在种内水平上的一致影响。然而,选择哪些性状包括在分析中,以及表型变异和遗传变异之间的联系可以强烈地影响对生态过程得出的结论。因此,我们建议在未来的研究中,将种内性状变异扩展到其他更具体的反应或效应性状和更广泛的物种上。
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引用次数: 0
Spatio-temporal patterns of co-occurrence of tigers and leopards within a protected area in central India 印度中部保护区内老虎和豹子共存的时空格局
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.5194/we-23-17-2023
Anindita Bidisha Chatterjee, K. Sankar, Y. Jhala, Q. Qureshi
Abstract. The global decline of large carnivore populations warrants scientificinsights into intraguild relationships. Patterns of co-occurrence amongsympatric predators are governed by their density, distribution, diet,activity overlaps, and behavioural strategies. Tigers are sympatric withleopards across their distribution range, overlap substantially in theirdiet, and are both nocturnal. The subdominant leopard is believed to coexistwith tigers via several mechanisms like spatial segregation, temporalavoidance, and differential prey selection. Investigation ofspatio-temporal patterns of co-occurrence of tigers and leopards can provideinsights on mechanisms that permit coexistence. We used camera trap-basedphoto captures of tigers and leopards in prey-rich (58.15±10.61ungulates per km2) Pench Tiger Reserve to determine their spatio-temporalpatterns of co-occurrence. Spatially explicit density estimates of tigerswere approximately 5 per 100 km2 and leopards were approximately 4.5 per100 km2 and remained stable over the years. This implies that both theseco-predators are likely to attain carrying capacity within the study area.Areas with high tiger density had lower leopard density. Quantile regressionanalysis between tiger and leopard density at 2×2 km grid showed thatleopard density had a parabolic relationship with tiger density, initiallyincreasing with tigers (β=0.393; p=0.001), stable at medium tigerdensity (β=0.13 and p=0.15), and declining at high tiger densities(β=-0.37 and p<0.001). Both tigers and leopards werecrepuscular in nature with no temporal segregation (Δ=89 %).Time lag of consecutive leopard photograph after a tiger capture rangedbetween 0.002 to 36.29 d. Leopard use of trails was not related to use by tigers. Our results suggest that leopards adjust their usage of spaceat fine scales to avoid confrontations with tigers. We also observed hightemporal overlap and no spatio-temporal segregation between tigers andleopards, despite the two predators being nocturnal and having similar preychoices. The availability of ample prey within the study area is likely tobe the driving factor of the co-occurrence of tigers and leopards withinthis dry deciduous habitat of central India.
摘要大型食肉动物种群的全球减少,使我们有理由对野生动物之间的关系有科学的认识。同域食肉动物共生的模式受其密度、分布、饮食、活动重叠和行为策略的支配。老虎与豹子在它们的分布范围内是同乡的,它们的饮食有很大的重叠,而且都是夜行动物。亚优势豹被认为是通过空间隔离、时间回避和不同猎物选择等机制与老虎共存的。对虎豹共存的时空格局进行研究,有助于揭示虎豹共存的机制。利用相机捕捉法,对丰富猎物(58.15±10.61有蹄动物/ km2)的潘奇老虎保护区的虎、豹共现的时空格局进行了研究。老虎的空间密度估计约为每100平方公里5只,豹的空间密度估计约为每100平方公里4.5只,多年来保持稳定。这意味着这两种生态捕食者都可能在研究区域内达到承载能力。虎密度高的地区,豹密度较低。2×2 km网格虎、豹密度的分位数回归分析表明,豹密度与虎密度呈抛物线关系,初始值随虎增加而增加(β=0.393;P =0.001),中等老虎密度时稳定(β=0.13, P =0.15),高老虎密度时下降(β=-0.37, P <0.001)。老虎和豹子在自然界中都是匍匐的,没有时间隔离(Δ= 89%)。捕获老虎后连续拍摄豹子照片的时间滞后在0.002 ~ 36.29 d之间。豹子对小径的利用与老虎的利用无关。研究结果表明,豹子通过调整空间尺度来避免与老虎发生冲突。我们还观察到,尽管老虎和豹子都是夜行动物,并且有相似的猎物选择,但老虎和豹子之间的时间重叠程度很高,没有时空隔离。研究区域内充足的猎物可能是印度中部这个干燥的落叶栖息地中老虎和豹子共存的驱动因素。
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引用次数: 1
Plant clustering generates negative plant–soil feedback without changing the spatial distribution of soil fauna 植物聚类在不改变土壤动物空间分布的情况下产生负的植物-土壤反馈
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.5194/we-23-1-2023
Peihua Zhang, D. Bonte, G. D. De Deyn, M. Vandegehuchte
Abstract. The spatial distribution of resources affects ecological processes at alllevels of biological organization. However, it remains to be tested how thespatial configuration of belowground resources affects the communitydynamics of soil organisms and resulting plant–soil feedbacks. We used Agrostis stolonifera plants in different spatial configurations inmesocosms to study the dispersal patterns of soil nematodes and rotifers.Plant–soil feedbacks were later assessed by re-sowing the mesocosms withLolium perenne and Plantago lanceolata after removing all the initial A. stolonifera plants from the mesocosms. Bacterial-feeding nematodes androtifers spread fast, whereas plant-feeding nematodes barely dispersed fromthe release sites. These spread patterns of nematodes and rotifers dependedon the life-history traits and not on the spatial pattern of the plants.However, more clustered plants developed a higher total biomass and caused a reduced growth of the subsequent vegetation. Our results demonstrate that the mere spatial pattern of a single plantspecies can alter the strength of plant–soil feedbacks. This has importantimplications for understanding the impact of planting or replanting schemesand other changes in the spatial configuration of plants on long-termvegetation development and succession.
摘要资源的空间分布影响着各级生物组织的生态过程。然而,地下资源的空间配置如何影响土壤生物的群落动态以及由此产生的植物-土壤反馈还有待研究。以不同空间构型的匍匐茎(Agrostis stolonifera)植物为研究对象,研究了土壤线虫和轮虫的扩散规律。在去除所有最初的匍匐茎植株后,通过重新播种二年生黑麦草和车前草来评估植物-土壤反馈。以细菌为食的雄虫线虫传播速度很快,而以植物为食的线虫几乎没有从释放点扩散出去。线虫和轮虫的传播模式与植物的生活史特征有关,而与植物的空间格局无关。然而,越密集的植物总生物量越高,导致后续植被的生长减少。我们的研究结果表明,单一植物物种的空间格局可以改变植物-土壤反馈的强度。这对于理解种植或再种植方案以及植物空间结构的其他变化对长期植被发育和演替的影响具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Emergence timing and voltinism of phantom midges, Chaoborus spp., in the UK 幻影蠓在英国的出现时间和毒性
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.5194/we-22-101-2022
Robert J. G. Cockroft, W. Richard Jenkins, Anthony G. Irwin, Steve Norman, Kevin C. Brown
Phantom midges, Chaoborus spp. (Diptera: Chaoboridae), are animportant taxon in environmental risk assessment of plant protection products due to the sensitivity of their larvae to insecticides. To aidmodelling of population responses to xenobiotic exposure, information onemergence timing and voltinism is needed, but definitive evidence to supportthese parameters is lacking in the literature. We investigated emergencetiming of overwintering Chaoborus larvae and the number of life cycles occurring per year in two separate, mesh-enclosed outdoor microcosm experiments in the spring and summer of 2017.Emergence from overwintering larvae of a population of predominantly C. obscuripes (99.68 %) commenced on 13 April and peaked on 2 May. The majority of emergence was completed by 3 June. Emergence success ranged from 51.4 % to 66.2 %, indicating that for overwintered C. obscuripes larvae, adults emerged contemporaneously in spring, rather than sporadically over the course of spring and summer.A population of C. crystallinus larvae produced up to four discrete generations over the spring and summer months (i.e. were confirmed to be multivoltine), with life cycle durations (egg-to-egg) ranging from 14 to 56 d. The differences in life cycle strategy observed in this study have implications for assessment of the capacity of populations of Chaoborus spp. to recover if there are localised impacts due to insecticide exposure or other stressors.
潮蠓(双翅目:潮蠓科)幼虫对杀虫剂敏感,是植保产品环境风险评价的重要分类。为了帮助建立人群对外源暴露的反应模型,需要有关出现时间和毒性的信息,但文献中缺乏支持这些参数的明确证据。在2017年春夏两季进行了两个独立的室外网眼封闭微观实验,研究了超圆蛾越冬幼虫的出现时间和每年发生的生命周期数量。4月13日开始产卵,5月2日达到高峰,以暗纹夜蛾为主(99.68%)。大部分应急工作在6月3日之前完成。羽化成功率在51.4% ~ 66.2%之间,表明越冬夜蛾幼虫在春季同时羽化,而不是在春夏两季零星羽化。在春夏两季,结晶夜蛾幼虫可产生多达4代(即证实为多伏特),其生命周期(卵到卵)为14至56 d。本研究中观察到的生命周期策略的差异,对评估由于杀虫剂暴露或其他压力因素而受到局部影响的潮蛛种群恢复能力具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Comment on Dunbar et al. (2022) “Webslinger vs. Dark Knight: First record of a false widow spider Steatoda nobilis preying on a pipistrelle bat in Britain” 对邓巴等人(2022)《Webslinger vs. Dark Knight:英国第一只假寡妇蜘蛛Steatoda nobilis捕食pipistrelle bat的记录》的评论
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-12-09 DOI: 10.5194/we-22-97-2022
S. Dool, G. Uhl
Abstract. A recent publication in Ecosphere claimed to report the first case of a predation event by a theridiid spider on a bat globally and the first case of a member of the genus Steatoda preying on a mammal globally, and the paper concludes with possible implications for public health. Predation is typically understood to mean “capture, kill, and eat”. However, none of these aspects had been observed. Moreover, key aspects of bat biology were not taken into account, including that the bat in question was a flightless newborn, the capture of which would require some explanation. We revisit this interesting observation considering both bat and spider ecology.
摘要最近发表在《生态圈》上的一篇文章声称,报告了全球首例狼蛛捕食蝙蝠的案例,以及全球首例脂肪目蜘蛛捕食哺乳动物的案例,该论文的结论可能对公共卫生产生影响。捕食通常被理解为“捕获、杀死和吃掉”。然而,这些方面都没有观察到。此外,没有考虑到蝙蝠生物学的关键方面,包括这只蝙蝠是一只不会飞的新生儿,捕获它需要一些解释。我们重新审视这个有趣的观察,考虑到蝙蝠和蜘蛛的生态学。
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引用次数: 1
The BIODESERT survey: assessing the impacts of grazing on the structure and functioning of global drylands BIODESERT调查:评估放牧对全球旱地结构和功能的影响
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-24 DOI: 10.5194/we-22-75-2022
Fernando T. Maestre, David J. Eldridge, Nicolas Gross, Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Hugo Saiz, Beatriz Gozalo, Victoria Ochoa, Juan J. Gaitán
Grazing by domestic livestock is both the main land use acrossdrylands worldwide and a major desertification and global change driver. Theecological consequences of this key human activity have been studied fordecades, and there is a wealth of information on its impacts on biodiversityand ecosystem processes. However, most field assessments of the ecologicalimpacts of grazing on drylands conducted to date have been carried out atlocal or regional scales and have focused on single ecosystem attributes(e.g., plant productivity) or particular taxa (mainly aboveground, e.g.,plants). Here we introduce the BIODESERT survey, the first systematic fieldsurvey devoted to evaluating the joint impacts of grazing by domesticlivestock and climate on the structure and functioning of dryland ecosystemsworldwide. This collaborative global survey was carried out between 2016 and2019 and has involved the collection of field data and plant, biocrust, and soilsamples from a total of 326 45 m × 45 m plots from 98 sites located in 25countries from 6 continents. Here we describe the major characteristicsand the field protocols used in this survey. We also introduce theorganizational aspects followed, as these can be helpful to everyone wishingto establish a global collaborative network of researchers. The BIODESERTsurvey provides baseline data to assess the current status of drylandrangelands worldwide and the impacts of grazing on these key ecosystems, and itconstitutes a good example of the power of collaborative research networksto study the ecology of our planet using much-needed field data.
家畜放牧既是全球旱地的主要土地利用方式,也是荒漠化和全球变化的主要驱动因素。这一关键人类活动的生态后果已经研究了几十年,关于其对生物多样性和生态系统过程的影响有丰富的信息。然而,迄今为止,对旱地放牧生态影响的大多数实地评估都是在地方或区域尺度上进行的,并且侧重于单一的生态系统属性(例如:(如植物生产力)或特定的分类群(主要是地上的,如植物)。在此,我们介绍了BIODESERT调查,这是第一个致力于评估家畜放牧和气候对全球旱地生态系统结构和功能共同影响的系统野外调查。这项全球合作调查于2016年至2019年期间进行,涉及从6大洲25个国家的98个地点共326个45米× 45米的地块收集现场数据和植物、生物结皮和土壤样本。在这里,我们描述了调查中使用的主要特征和现场协议。我们还介绍了以下组织方面,因为这些可以帮助每个希望建立全球研究人员合作网络的人。BIODESERTsurvey提供了基线数据,以评估全球旱地的现状和放牧对这些关键生态系统的影响,它构成了一个很好的例子,说明合作研究网络的力量,利用急需的实地数据来研究我们星球的生态。
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引用次数: 0
Artificial perches increase bird-mediated seed rain in agricultural fallow area in southern Brazil 在巴西南部的农业休耕区,人工栖木增加了鸟类介导的种子雨
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.5194/we-22-59-2022
Thales Castilhos de Freitas, Gustavo Crizel Gomes, Artur Ramos Molina, Ernestino de Souza Gomes Guarino, Cristiano Agra Iserhard, R. Beltrame
Abstract. One of the main barriers to restoration is the arrival of diaspores in degraded areas. However, this process can be hampered in open areas withouttrees in the landscape. For that, artificial perches are used to attract and provide a landing area for avian seed dispersers, to enhance seedrain. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the distance of artificial perches in relation to a forest fragment on the diversity andcomposition of seed rain in an agricultural fallow area, including alien invasive plant species. We also aimed to record and characterize the birdspecies that potentially act as seed dispersers. Thus, we used artificial perches at three different distances from a forest fragment (5, 25, and50 m). Four seed traps were arranged under the perches at each distance, and four control seed traps were interspersed with these and distanced at 7.5 m. Furthermore, we placed four seed traps inside the forest fragment at 5 m from the edge. We also carried out 80 h of focal observation of the avifauna that used artificial perches. A total of 24 655 seeds were sampled across all treatments. There was a significant difference in seed abundance and richness between artificial perches, control seed traps, and forest seed traps. Seed deposition increased with distance from the forest fragment (50, 25, and 5 m). An ordination procedure indicated the formation of three plant seed communities, with the forest community being most distinct. The invasive exotic species Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood) was the third most abundant in the seed rain. We observed 24 bird species from 12 families using artificial perches. The Tyrannidae family was the most represented. We showed that artificial perches are efficient structures for attracting birds, increasing the richness and abundance of seed species. Artificial perches at 25 and 50 m were more efficient possibly due to the provision of greater visibility for birds. Therefore, artificial perches are efficient in increasing seed rain in the fallow area but should be used with caution in landscapes with the presence of alien species. These findings contribute to increasing knowledge about overcoming the first barrier to ecological restoration, which is the arrival of diaspores in degraded areas, andshowing the importance of birds in this process.
摘要恢复的主要障碍之一是退化地区的水蛭的到来。然而,在景观中没有树木的开放区域,这一过程可能会受到阻碍。为此,利用人工栖木吸引鸟类散布种子,并为鸟类提供降落区域,以加强种子的排泄。本研究的目的是评估人工栖木距离对农业休耕区种子雨多样性和组成的影响,包括外来入侵植物。我们还旨在记录和描述可能作为种子传播者的鸟类物种。因此,我们在距离森林碎片5、25和50米的三种不同距离处使用了人工栖木。每隔一段距离在栖木下设置4个种子诱捕器,4个对照种子诱捕器之间间隔7.5 m。此外,我们在距离边缘5米的森林碎片内放置了4个种子陷阱。对使用人工栖地的鸟类进行了80 h的重点观察。所有处理共取样24655粒种子。在种子丰度和丰富度方面,人工栖木、对照捕种器和森林捕种器存在显著差异。种子沉降量随距离森林碎片(50、25和5 m)的增加而增加。排序结果表明,该地区存在3个植物种子群落,其中以森林群落最为明显。外来入侵种Pittosporum undulatum (Australian cheesewood)在种子雨中的丰度排名第三。利用人工栖木对12科24种鸟类进行了观测。暴龙科是最具代表性的。研究表明,人工栖木是吸引鸟类的有效结构,增加了种子物种的丰富度和丰度。25米和50米的人工栖木可能更有效,因为它为鸟类提供了更大的能见度。因此,人工栖木可以有效地增加休耕地区的种子雨,但在有外来物种存在的景观中应谨慎使用。这些发现有助于增加对克服生态恢复的第一个障碍的认识,即退化地区的散居动物的到来,并表明鸟类在这一过程中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Lengthening of the growth season, but no increased water availability, and increase in growth of Picea likiangensis var. rubescens plantations on eastern Tibetan Plateau due to climate change 气候变化对青藏高原东缘云杉人工林生长季延长,但水分有效性没有增加,对其生长有促进作用
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-13 DOI: 10.5194/we-22-47-2022
Yu Feng, Songlin Shi, Peihao Peng, Qiang Zhou, Haijun Wang, Xiubin Liu
Abstract. On the eastern Tibetan Plateau, the growth of trees isstrongly affected by climate change. Previous researchers have found thatclimate warming changes thermal and hydraulic conditions, lengthening thegrowing season and promoting tree growth. Some studies have analyzed theeffects of drought, precipitation, and temperature on tree growth. However,previous studies have mainly focused on natural forests, with few studies onthe response of plantations to climate change. Therefore, we studied therelationship between dendrochronology (basal area increment, BAI),normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and climate factors toexplore the response of Picea likiangensis var. rubescens plantations to climate change. The resultsshowed that from 1990 to 2018, the temperature in the study area increasedsignificantly; the rate of increase was 0.39∘ per decade. Among theclimate factors, self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI) hadthe most significant impact on BAI. From P_May (P_ represents the month ofthe previous year) to December, BAI was always negatively correlated withthe scPDSI, with 9 months being significantly negatively correlated. BAIwas significantly positively correlated with the minimum 2 m temperature(TMN) in P_July, P_September, July, and September. BAI was significantlypositively correlated with the maximum 2 m temperature (TMX) in P_October,P_December, and July. BAI was significantly positively correlated with themean 2 m temperature (TMP) in P_July, P_December, and July. There is asignificant positive correlation between BAI and annual NDVI (NDVIa), whichmeans that NDVI can be used to study the response of plantations to climatechange. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the response ofplantation growth in high-altitude areas to climate change, which is neededby forest managers.
摘要在青藏高原东部,树木的生长受到气候变化的强烈影响。先前的研究人员发现,气候变暖改变了热和水力条件,延长了生长季节,促进了树木的生长。一些研究分析了干旱、降水和温度对树木生长的影响。然而,以往的研究主要集中在天然林上,很少有关于人工林对气候变化响应的研究。为此,我们研究了树木年代学(basedarea increment, BAI)、归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)和气候因子之间的关系,探讨了利云杉(Picea likiangensis var. rubescens)人工林对气候变化的响应。结果表明:1990—2018年,研究区气温显著升高;增加的速度是每十年0.39度。气候因子中,自校正Palmer干旱严重指数(scPDSI)对BAI的影响最为显著。从5月到12月,BAI与scPDSI呈显著负相关,其中9个月呈显著负相关。7月、9月、7月和9月的最低2 m温度(TMN)与bai呈显著正相关。10月、12月和7月的最高2 m温度与BAI呈显著正相关。7月、12月和7月的平均2 m温度(TMP)与BAI呈显著正相关。BAI与年NDVI (NDVIa)呈显著正相关,表明NDVI可用于研究人工林对气候变化的响应。我们的研究有助于更好地了解高海拔地区人工林生长对气候变化的反应,这是森林管理者所需要的。
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引用次数: 1
Ecological niche and potential geographic distributions of Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus (Acari: Ixodidae) under current and future climate conditions 当前和未来气候条件下边缘革蜱和网状革蜱的生态位和潜在地理分布
IF 2.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.5194/we-22-33-2022
Abdelghafar Alkishe, M. Cobos, L. Osorio-Olvera, A. Peterson
Abstract. Dermacentor marginatus is a vector disease of both humans and animals and transmits the causative agents of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) and the spotted fever group (Rickettsia raoultii and R. slovaca), as well as of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever. Dermacentor reticulatus can transmit various pathogens such as Francisella tularensis, Babesia spp., tick encephalitis virus, Coxiella burnetii, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, and Rickettsia spp. and can cause serious skin lesions. Herein, ecological niche modeling (ENM) is used to characterize the niches of these two ticks and describe their potential distributional patterns under both current and future climate conditions, as a means of highlighting geographic distributional shifts that may be of public health importance. We assessed distributional implications of five general circulation models (GCMs), under two shared socio-economic pathways (SSP245 and SSP585) for the period 2041–2060. Predictions for D. marginatus showed broad suitable areas across western, central, and southern Europe, with potential for expansion in northern and eastern Europe. Dermacentor reticulatus has suitable areas across western, central, and northern Europe. Under future scenarios, new expansions were observed in parts of northern and eastern Europe and highland areas in central Europe. Despite broad overlap between the niches of the ticks, D. marginatus has a broader niche, which allows it to show greater stability in the face of the changing climate conditions. Areas of potential geographic distributional expansion for these species should be monitored for actual distributional shifts, which may have implications for public health in those regions.
摘要边缘革螨是人类和动物的一种病媒,传播Q热(伯氏柯谢氏菌)和斑点热组(拉乌尔氏立克次体和斯洛伐克雷克次体)以及克里米亚-刚果出血热的病原体。网状皮突虫可传播多种病原体,如土拉菌弗朗西斯菌、巴贝斯虫、蜱脑炎病毒、伯纳氏柯谢氏菌、鄂木斯克出血热病毒和立克次体,并可引起严重的皮肤损伤。本文使用生态位模型(ENM)来描述这两种蜱的生态位,并描述它们在当前和未来气候条件下的潜在分布模式,作为强调可能对公共卫生具有重要意义的地理分布变化的一种手段。我们评估了2041-2060年期间,在两个共享的社会经济路径(SSP245和SSP585)下,五种环流模式(GCMs)的分布影响。预测结果显示,欧洲西部、中部和南部的适宜地区分布广泛,在北欧和东欧有扩展的潜力。网状革螨在西欧、中欧和北欧都有适宜的生长区域。在未来的情景中,在北欧和东欧的部分地区以及中欧的高地地区观察到新的扩张。尽管壁虱的生态位之间有广泛的重叠,但边际蜱的生态位更广,这使得它在面对不断变化的气候条件时表现出更大的稳定性。应监测这些物种地理分布可能扩大的地区的实际分布变化,这可能对这些地区的公共卫生产生影响。
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引用次数: 7
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Web Ecology
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