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Optimal application of dextranase in a Louisiana sugarcane factory to mitigate severe processing problems after a freeze 葡聚糖酶在路易斯安那州甘蔗工厂的最佳应用,以减轻冰冻后严重的加工问题
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.36961/si30365
D. Stewart, B. Montes, G. Eggleston, A. Triplett, K. Gravois, Stephania Imbachi-Ordoñez, Lawrence Messina
A Louisiana (LA) state-wide severe freeze occurred from 23–26 December 2022, which was followed by warm weather and occasional fog causing severe deterioration of all sugarcane varieties in the fields. Dextranase was applied to break down dextran (glucose polysaccharide) into smaller, more manageable molecules, which can improve processing. The efficiency of dextranase application depends on the pH, dry solids content rds (Brix), temperature, retention time, and agitation, type, activity and dosage of the applied dextranase as well as the enzyme/substrate ratio. Dextranase applications to juice are more efficient and economical than adding to syrup because the high temperature and dry solids content of syrups impede its action. Heating juice to 50 °C and pre-liming to pH 5.9 is optimal for dextranase application, but after 50 °C the activity falls off quickly. One LA factory built a new juice liming system that was quickly modified for optimal dextranase application after the freeze. Optimum conditions for concentrated dextranase (92700 DU/mL) applied were: rds <25%, temperature 50 °C, juice pH = 5.90, 1:10 working solution of concentrated dextranase up to 5 mg/L dosage; retention time = 10 min; 0.624 s–1 agitation. These conditions were successful with >80% breakdown of Haze dextran and minimized processing problems associated with the freeze. Retention time was not as important as temperature and the pH of the juice. The use of dextranase allowed this factory to (i) process all the field sugarcane from the growers even when sucrose concentrations were very low (down to ~56% juice purities on the last day of cane delivery), (ii) continue to crystallize sugar at acceptable crystallization rates, (iii) keep crystal elongation factors to only 2.3 and largely prevent needle formation, and (iv) allow the production of raw sugar with no dextran penalties from the refinery.
2022年12月23日至26日,路易斯安那州发生了一场全州范围的严重冰冻,随后是温暖的天气和偶尔的大雾,导致所有甘蔗品种严重退化。葡聚糖酶用于将葡聚糖(葡萄糖多糖)分解成更小,更易于管理的分子,这可以改善加工。葡聚糖酶应用的效率取决于pH值、干固体含量(白糖度)、温度、保留时间、搅拌、葡聚糖酶的类型、活性和用量以及酶/底物比。葡聚糖酶应用于果汁比添加到糖浆更有效和经济,因为糖浆的高温和干固体含量阻碍了它的作用。将果汁加热至50 °C并预石灰化至pH 5.9是葡聚糖酶应用的最佳选择,但在50 °C之后,活性迅速下降。洛杉矶的一家工厂建立了一个新的果汁漂白系统,该系统在冷冻后迅速进行了修改,以获得最佳的葡聚糖酶应用。使用浓缩葡聚糖酶(92700 DU/mL)的最佳条件是:将Haze葡聚糖分解80%,并将与冷冻相关的加工问题降至最低。保留时间没有温度和果汁pH值那么重要。葡聚糖酶的使用使这家工厂能够(i)处理来自种植者的所有田间甘蔗,即使蔗糖浓度很低(在甘蔗交付的最后一天降至约56%的果汁纯度),(ii)继续以可接受的结晶速率结晶糖,(iii)保持晶体延伸系数仅为2.3,并在很大程度上防止针状形成,以及(iv)允许生产原糖,没有来自精炼厂的葡聚糖损失。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing cane-quality management in the South African smallholder-farmer sector through participatory on-farm demonstration and knowledge exchange 通过参与式农场示范和知识交流,推进南非小农部门的甘蔗质量管理
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.36961/si30369
P.D.R. van Heerden, T. Ramusandiwa, B. Chonco, W.L. Shelembe, S.N. Hlela, W. Gillespie, N. Mkhabela, M. Buthelezi, R.T. Masondo
Cane-quality management involving chemical ripening is an important component of profitable sugarcane production by large-scale commercial farmers in South Africa. For smallholder farmers (SHFs), however, sugarcane field size and adjacent alternative land-uses render conventional aerial crop-spraying methods unsuitable. The recent availability of spraying drones has created opportunities for chemical ripening to be introduced to the smallholder farmer sector. A network of demonstration trials based on strong partnerships of researchers, extension specialists and smallholder farmers, and participation by various industry stakeholders was established in 11 smallholder farmer regions. Knowledge exchange in each region involved an initial stakeholder engagement workshop, a series of practical field days during the execution of the trial, and post-trial information sharing events. The initial workshops were aimed at creating project awareness, defining the relative advantage that ripening with drones could deliver, identifying negative perceptions and potential barriers that might hinder adoption, and reaching consensus on trial methodology. Field days were focused on demonstrating the processes of maturity assessment to establish the need for chemical ripening and applying a ripener with a drone to parts of the fields. At the same time, control portions were left untreated, and assessing the efficacy of ripening benefits and harvest readiness. These demonstrations illustrated the judicious use of agrochemicals by only spraying fields suited to ripening. In-field estimates of cane yield and cane quality in the ripened and control treatments shortly before harvest, and in some cases, field production data from the sugar factories, revealed a range of improvements in recoverable crystal (ERC) due to ripening that was influenced by location and sugarcane cultivar. Although the SHFs expressed genuine interest in chemically ripening their crops with spraying drones, industry challenges will need to be addressed prior to wider adoption.
包括化学催熟在内的甘蔗质量管理是南非大规模商业农户甘蔗生产盈利的重要组成部分。然而,对于小农来说,甘蔗田的面积和邻近的替代土地用途使得传统的空中喷洒方法不适合。最近喷洒无人机的可用性为将化学催熟技术引入小农部门创造了机会。在11个小农地区建立了一个以研究人员、推广专家和小农的牢固伙伴关系以及各行业利益攸关方参与为基础的示范试验网络。每个地区的知识交流包括最初的利益攸关方参与研讨会、试验执行期间的一系列实地实践日以及试验后的信息共享活动。最初的研讨会旨在建立项目意识,定义无人机成熟可能带来的相对优势,识别可能阻碍采用的负面看法和潜在障碍,并就试验方法达成共识。现场日的重点是展示成熟度评估过程,以确定化学催熟的必要性,并在部分田地使用无人机催熟机。同时,对照部分未经处理,并评估成熟效益和收获准备的有效性。这些示范说明了明智地使用农用化学品,只在适合成熟的田地喷洒农药。在收获前不久,对成熟和对照处理的甘蔗产量和质量的田间估计,以及在某些情况下,来自糖厂的田间生产数据显示,由于成熟,可回收晶体(ERC)的一系列改善受到地点和甘蔗品种的影响。尽管shf对用喷洒无人机使作物化学成熟表达了真正的兴趣,但在广泛采用之前,还需要解决行业挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Design of an automated electro-mechanical shredder-grid-door positioner for online setting adjustments 一种自动机电碎纸机-栅格门定位器的设计
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.36961/si30364
F. Plaza, G. Kent, N. McKenzie, K. Ryan, David Pape, Adam Lucke, D. Nelson, Darren Horne
The design of an automated electro-mechanical shredder-grid-door positioner and its components, programming, installation and commissioning are presented in this paper. The positioner can be used to vary the shredder grid setting, and so preparation to assist processing soft cane varieties through the milling train. A second purpose is to work with shredder drives (such as steam turbines) of limited power to avoid stalling the drive, which can result in factory stops. The driver for this design has been concerns in recent years that some cane varieties in the development pipeline have a fibre quality classified as soft, with some soft enough to cause processing problems in the factory. The main issues have been feeding of the cane through the milling train and high bagasse moisture, causing subsequent combustion issues and low steam pressure at the boiler station. These cane varieties are usually designated as ‘soft canes’, and their presence has been noted as far back as 60 years ago. Trials were carried out at Isis Central Mill to understand and improve the processing of existing soft cane varieties. The automated shredder-grid-door positioner was installed during October of the 2021 crushing season so that full factory trials could be carried out, including automated grid positioning. The positioner was made up of a master/slave configuration with two 5 t power jacks driven by servo gear motors controlled by two inverters.
介绍了一种全自动机电碎纸机-栅格门定位器的设计及其组成、编程、安装和调试。该定位器可用于改变碎纸机网格设置,因此准备协助加工软甘蔗品种通过铣削列车。第二个目的是与有限功率的碎纸机驱动器(如蒸汽涡轮机)一起工作,以避免驱动器失速,这可能导致工厂停工。近年来,这种设计的驱动因素一直是人们的担忧,即在开发管道中的一些甘蔗品种的纤维质量被归类为柔软,有些柔软到足以在工厂造成加工问题。主要问题是甘蔗通过磨粉系统的进料和高甘蔗渣水分,导致随后的燃烧问题和锅炉站的低蒸汽压力。这些甘蔗品种通常被称为“软甘蔗”,它们的存在早在60年前就已被注意到。在伊希斯中央工厂进行了试验,以了解和改进现有软甘蔗品种的加工。自动碎纸机-栅格门定位器在2021年破碎季节的10月安装,以便进行全面的工厂试验,包括自动栅格定位。定位器由两个变频器控制的伺服齿轮电机驱动的两个5吨电源插孔的主从配置组成。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of sugar beet texture during processing 加工过程中对甜菜质地的影响
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.36961/si30366
S. Frenzel, Jörg Tuchert, Timo Scheuer, J. Jensen, Wolfgang Klosterhalfen, C. Hoffmann
In recent years, sugar factories have experienced problems in slicing, extraction and pulp pressing, the cause of which was suspected to be a change in the texture of the sugar beet. In order to analyse the influence of sugar beet texture, processing trials were carried out on a laboratory scale. For this purpose, three sugar beet cultivars with different marc content and corresponding differences in texture were grown in 2020. In 2021, two of the cultivars were included, which were then exposed to either frost (–15 °C, 7 days) or heat (30 °C, 7 days). Consistently, very clear differences between cultivars in processing were evident regardless of treatment. Although there was little difference in cossette quality or pressing, the cultivar with the higher marc content had larger cossette bed and thus better flowability (percolation flow rate) than the cultivar with low marc content in the extraction. Cossettes from frozen beet had much lower percolation flow rate due to destruction of the cell structures but were easier to press than without prior freezing. Moderate heat had no effect on processing. Thus, beet with a higher marc content and thus higher root strength have advantages for processing. It is expected that there is an optimum for root strength. Further trials will investigate how severe heat stress affects the root strength and processability of beet.
近年来,糖厂在切片、提取和压榨果肉方面出现了问题,怀疑其原因是甜菜的质地发生了变化。为了分析甜菜质地的影响,在实验室规模上进行了加工试验。为此,2020年选育了3个marc含量不同、质地不同的甜菜品种。2021年,研究人员将其中两个品种置于霜冻(-15 °C, 7天)或高温(30 °C, 7天)条件下。与此一致的是,无论处理方式如何,品种之间的处理差异都非常明显。虽然在压榨和质量上差异不大,但marc含量高的品种在提取过程中具有更大的cosette床,因此其流动性(渗流速率)优于marc含量低的品种。由于细胞结构的破坏,冷冻后的肉制品的渗透速率要低得多,但比没有事先冷冻的肉制品更容易挤压。适度加热对加工没有影响。因此,marc含量高、根强度高的甜菜具有加工优势。预计有一个最佳的根强度。进一步的试验将研究严重的热应激如何影响甜菜根的强度和加工性。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of dew and spray volume on the efficacy of control of asulam on fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum) 露水和喷雾量对阿苏兰防治秋穗飞虱效果的影响
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.36961/si30202
Alex G. Rodriguez, D. Odero, Raphael M. Negrisoli
Asulam controls fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.), the most troublesome annual grass weed in Florida sugarcane. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dew on asulam efficacy on fall panicum control when applied using different spray volumes. Fall panicum 30 cm tall with 0, 50, and 100% dew on leaves equivalent to no dew, moderate dew, and heavy dew, respectively, were treated with asulam at 3,700 g ha–1 using spray volumes of 94, 140, 187, and 281 L ha–1. Fall panicum control was rated 28 days after treatment, and aboveground biomass was harvested immediately. The presence or absence of dew and spray volume did not significantly influence asulam efficacy on fall panicum control and aboveground biomass accumulation. Fall panicum was controlled from 89% to 94% at the different dew levels and spray volumes. Heavy dew did not diminish the performance of asulam. The presence of dew on fall panicum foliage probably hydrated the cuticle and aided water-soluble asulam to remain in solution for a longer period, thereby enhancing uptake. The water-holding capacity of fall panicum foliage with the heavy dew and spray volumes was probably not exceeded, resulting in no runoff and no subsequent reduction of control. These results indicate that dew deposition under Florida conditions has no effect on asulam efficacy on fall panicum 30 cm tall or less when applied at commonly used spray volumes of 140 and 187 L ha–1.
Asulam能控制佛罗里达甘蔗最麻烦的一年生杂草——秋穗草。本研究评价了不同喷施量下露水对阿苏兰防治秋蚜效果的影响。以3700 g ha-1剂量的asulam分别以94、140、187和281 L ha-1喷雾量处理30 cm高、0、50和100%叶片上的露水,分别相当于无露、中露和重露。处理后28 d达到秋蚜防治效果,地上生物量立即收获。有无露和喷淋量对阿苏兰防治秋蚜的效果和地上生物量积累没有显著影响。不同露度和喷淋量对秋蚜的防治效果为89% ~ 94%。沉重的露水并没有削弱阿苏兰的表现。秋叶上露珠的存在可能使角质层水化,并有助于水溶性水杨在溶液中停留较长时间,从而促进吸收。有大量露水和喷雾量的秋菖蒲叶片可能没有超过其持水量,因此不会导致径流,也不会导致后续的控制减少。上述结果表明,在佛罗里达条件下,当常用喷雾量为140和187 L ha-1时,露水沉积对30 cm以下的秋菖蒲的防效没有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Characterisation of physical properties of prepared cane from soft-cane varieties 软蔗品种制蔗的物理特性表征
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.36961/si30201
F. Plaza, G. Kent, N. McKenzie, Darcy Patrick, Ehsan Arzaghi, Vivek Khandagave, K. Ryan, R. Parfitt
Concerns have been raised that many sugarcane varieties in the development pipeline, particularly in the Central and Southern regions of Australia, have fiber quality classified as soft, with some soft enough to cause processing problems in the factory. The main issues have been feeding off the cane through the milling train and high bagasse moisture contents, causing subsequent combustion issues and low steam pressure at the boiler station. These cane varieties are usually designated as ‘soft-canes’, and their presence had been noted for at least 60 years. An attractive trait is their relatively high sugar yield per hectare. Some other general characteristics have been reported as often (but not always) having relatively low fiber content and being easier to prepare by the shredder, resulting in a larger number of smaller sized particles in the prepared cane. During the development of new cane varieties, Sugar Research Australia carries out tests for ‘fiber quality’. Experiments were carried out at Isis Central Mill to understand and improve the processing of existing soft-cane varieties. During the 2019 crushing season, a pilot-scale shredder was used to simulate the effect of shredder settings (speed and grid setting) that are known to affect preparation levels. Four existing soft-cane varieties (SRA1A, SRA4A, SRA11A and QN04-1643) were tested, along with Q208A that provided a reference as a middle-of-the-range variety (perceived to be neither a soft nor hard cane). The prepared cane produced was tested for fiber quality at the SRA fiber quality laboratory in Bundaberg. As measured at the factory, the preparation level and two physical properties (compression and permeability) were identified as important for the milling process. All the cane varieties responded similarly to speed and grid setting, with the soft-canes being part of a continuum, not a separate subset. The overall conclusion was that adjusting shredder speed and grid setting can control preparation and potentially address feeding problems at the milling train through improved control strategies.
人们担心,许多正在开发的甘蔗品种,特别是在澳大利亚中部和南部地区,纤维质量被归类为柔软,有些柔软到足以在工厂造成加工问题。主要问题是甘蔗通过磨粉系统和高甘蔗渣水分含量,导致随后的燃烧问题和锅炉站的低蒸汽压力。这些甘蔗品种通常被称为“软甘蔗”,它们的存在已经被注意了至少60年。它们的一个吸引人的特点是每公顷糖产量相对较高。据报道,其他一些一般特性通常(但并非总是)具有相对较低的纤维含量,并且更容易通过碎纸机制备,从而在制备的甘蔗中产生大量较小尺寸的颗粒。在甘蔗新品种的开发过程中,澳大利亚糖业研究中心进行了“纤维质量”测试。在伊希斯中央工厂进行了实验,以了解和改进现有软甘蔗品种的加工。在2019年粉碎季节,使用中试规模的碎纸机来模拟已知影响准备水平的碎纸机设置(速度和网格设置)的影响。四种现有的软甘蔗品种(SRA1A, SRA4A, SRA11A和QN04-1643)进行了测试,Q208A提供了一个参考,作为一个中等范围的品种(被认为既不是软甘蔗也不是硬甘蔗)。制备的甘蔗在班达伯格的SRA纤维质量实验室进行了纤维质量测试。根据工厂的测量,制备水平和两种物理性质(压缩性和渗透性)被确定为铣削过程的重要因素。所有的甘蔗品种对速度和网格设置的反应都是相似的,软甘蔗是连续体的一部分,而不是一个单独的子集。总的结论是,调整碎纸机速度和网格设置可以控制准备工作,并通过改进控制策略潜在地解决磨粉链上的给料问题。
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引用次数: 0
Falling-film evaporators – role in steam saving (a perspective of Almoiz Industries, Pakistan) 降膜蒸发器-在蒸汽节约中的作用(巴基斯坦Almoiz工业公司的观点)
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.36961/si30200
K. Rashid, Salman Shehryar, M. Arif
The energy efficiency of a sugar mill depends to a large extent on the performance of the evaporators. Falling-film evaporators (FFEs) have the required characteristics to work on a narrow ΔT to improve the steam economy. Almoiz Industries set up a state-of-the-art project in Pakistan having a low steam and power consumption. A complete set of seven FFEs was installed. Operational problems such as scaling are discussed. All vapors from the 1st effect to the 5th, including condensate, are used to heat juice and crystallize sugar to reduce steam consumption. A steam consumption of 35 kg/100 kg of cane and 33 kW/t of cane electrical consumption is achieved at the maximum rate of cane crushing. Operational data over the last campaigns are given. Saved bagasse can be used for power export and other allied businesses.
糖厂的能源效率在很大程度上取决于蒸发器的性能。降膜蒸发器(FFEs)具有在狭窄的ΔT范围内工作以提高蒸汽经济性所需的特性。Almoiz工业公司在巴基斯坦建立了一个最先进的项目,具有低蒸汽和低电力消耗。安装了一套完整的7个ffe。讨论了缩放等操作问题。从第一效应到第五效应的所有蒸汽,包括冷凝物,都用来加热果汁和结晶糖,以减少蒸汽消耗。在甘蔗破碎的最大速率下,实现了35公斤/100公斤甘蔗的蒸汽消耗和33千瓦/吨甘蔗的电力消耗。给出了过去几次战役的作战数据。节省下来的甘蔗渣可以用于电力出口和其他相关业务。
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引用次数: 0
Cake and precoat filtration – Evaluating influences of increased backwash efficiency on cloth lifetime 滤饼和预膜过滤。评价反洗效率提高对布寿命的影响
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.36961/si30199
S. Schöpf
In beet juice purification the greatest challenge is to evade a frequent blockage of the filter cloth during carbonation slurry filtration. Lenzing Filtration started an investigation on backwash efficiency of tubular pressure candle filters and how this affects the lifetime of filter cloth in carbonation slurry filtration. The patent pending CakeFil filter candle of Lenzing Filtration is made from a continuous casted structure, closed at the lower end with an on-welded plug and at the upper end with a connector to the filtrate chamber. After 85 backwashes under laboratory conditions the CakeFil technology had approx. 77% less residues compared to two different standard candle filters.Pilot-scale testing in a German sugar factory with carbonation slurry 1 confirmed the outstanding lab performance as the filter cloth of LENZING CakeFil endured the entire campaign of 71 days without any filter cloth change, whereas the standard candle filter clothes had to be changed four times and external washing had to be performed three times during the same period. Also the filtrate-quality analysis showed that the results were identical compared to existing candle filters quality.
在甜菜汁净化中,最大的挑战是避免碳化浆过滤过程中滤布的频繁堵塞。兰精过滤公司开展了管式压烛式过滤机反冲洗效率及其对过滤布寿命的影响研究。兰精过滤正在申请专利的CakeFil过滤烛是由连铸结构制成,下端用焊接塞封闭,上端与过滤室连接。在实验室条件下进行85次反冲洗后,CakeFil技术的回收率约为。与两种不同的标准蜡烛过滤器相比,减少了77%的残留物。在德国一家制糖厂用碳酸化浆进行的中试证实了LENZING CakeFil滤布的出色实验室性能,因为在整个71天的生产过程中,LENZING CakeFil的滤布没有任何更换,而在同一时间内,标准的蜡烛滤布必须更换4次,外部洗涤必须进行3次。滤液质量分析结果也与现有蜡烛滤器的质量相一致。
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引用次数: 0
Row-spacing and cultivar effects on sugarcane growth and yields in Florida histosols 行距和品种对佛罗里达州甘蔗生长和产量的影响
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.36961/si29965
H. Sandhu, O. Coto
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) is a major row crop in Florida. The effect of row-spacing on total row length per hectare can significantly effect the cost of major farm operations, including planting, harvesting and fertilizer application. In Florida, sugarcane is commonly planted at 1.5 m row-spacing. There is little information available on the effect of relatively narrow or wide spacing on the growth and yield of sugarcane, especially in new high-biomass cultivars. To determine sugarcane growth response to different row-spacing, a field trial was conducted in organic soil (Histosols) with four different row-spacings (1.2, 1.5, 1.8 m and a double row on a 1.5 m bed) and three sugarcane cultivars (CP 96-1252, CP 00-1101 and CP 01-1372). Data showed differential row-spacing effects on plant cane versus the first ratoon. In plant cane, depending on the cultivar, double row and 1.2 m spacing produced 17–46% and 23–42% greater sugar yield per hectare (TSH) than the current 1.5 m spacing, respectively. Overall, the combined average TSH of plant cane and the first ratoon in double and 1.2 m spacing was 20% and 26% greater than 1.5 m spacing. However, the yields in 1.5 m and 1.8 m row-spacing were similar. There was no significant effect in the first ratoon. There was no row-spacing effect on sucrose concentration. A similar response of cultivars to the tested row-spacings suggests that selecting cultivars for different row-spacings may not potentially show any yield improvements. Compared to the current 1.5 m spacing, narrow-spacing (1.2 m and double row) may potentially increase yields and wide (1.8 m) spacing reduce the production cost but further research is needed to understand the economic feasibility of different row configurations.
甘蔗(Saccharum spp.杂交种)是佛罗里达州主要的行作物。行距对每公顷总行长的影响可以显著影响主要农场经营的成本,包括种植、收获和施肥。在佛罗里达州,甘蔗通常以1.5 米的行距种植。关于较窄或较宽间距对甘蔗生长和产量的影响,特别是对高生物量新品种的影响,目前的资料很少。为了确定甘蔗生长对不同行距的响应,在4种不同行距(1.2、1.5、1.8 m和1.5 m床上的双行)的有机土壤(Histosols)和3个甘蔗品种(CP 96-1252、CP 00-1101和CP 01-1372)上进行了田间试验。数据显示不同行距对植株甘蔗与第一代的影响。在甘蔗中,根据不同的品种,双行和1.2 m间距比目前的1.5 m间距分别提高17-46%和23-42%的每公顷糖产量。总体而言,两倍和1.2 m行距下,植株和第一叶的TSH分别比1.5 m行距高20%和26%。行距1.5 m和1.8 m的产量相近。在第一个周期没有明显的效果。行距对蔗糖浓度没有影响。品种对所测行距的类似反应表明,选择不同行距的品种可能没有潜在的产量提高。与目前的1.5 m间距相比,窄间距(1.2 m和双行)可能会提高产量,宽间距(1.8 m)可以降低生产成本,但需要进一步研究以了解不同行配置的经济可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Experiences with pre-evaporators at Racecourse Mill 在马场工厂使用预蒸发器的经验
IF 0.4 4区 农林科学 Q4 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.36961/si29960
B. Lavarack, Blake Ripper, Robert Iturbe
In the 2008 season, a new pre-evaporator vessel, called PE1A, was installed at the Racecourse Mill as a precursor to the introduction of cogeneration at the factory. PE1A and the existing pre-evaporator, called PE-north, were designed as steam-efficiency measures to provide vapour to the evaporating crystallizers, juice heaters, co-located sugar refinery and, potentially, to other value-adding operations. Both pre-evaporator vessels are Robert type evaporators, with the PE-north vessel an older standard design and the PE1A vessel incorporating new design features. PE1A is configured to take letdown steam from the cogeneration boiler (Racecourse no.4 boiler) and to return the condensate to the boiler. PE-north takes exhaust steam from the milling turbines and turbo-alternators supplied by Racecourse no.3 boiler. The specifications for condensate supplied as boiler feedwater to the cogeneration boiler, which operates at 8,000 kPa, are more stringent than the industry typical boilers, operating at 1,700 kPa. PE1A is operated as a juice-evaporator vessel during the crushing season and as a steam transformer during the non-crush season. The operation of both pre-evaporator vessels is described. Severe corrosion issues are noted for the PE1A vessel, which is not prevalent for the PE-north vessel despite the latter being considerably older and used in a similar role. The causes of the high corrosion levels for PE1A are discussed, and some measures to alleviate the operational conditions at Racecourse are described.
在2008赛季,一个新的预蒸发器容器,称为PE1A,被安装在赛马场工厂作为引进热电联产在工厂的先驱。PE1A和现有的预蒸发器,称为PE-north,被设计为蒸汽效率措施,为蒸发结晶器,果汁加热器,同址糖厂提供蒸汽,并可能为其他增值操作提供蒸汽。两种预蒸发器容器都是罗伯特型蒸发器,PE-north容器采用较旧的标准设计,PE1A容器采用新设计功能。PE1A被配置为从热电联产锅炉(赛马场号)排出蒸汽。4锅炉)并将冷凝水返回锅炉。PE-north从赛马场提供的磨铣涡轮机和涡轮发电机中提取废气。3锅炉。作为锅炉给水提供给热电联产锅炉的冷凝水的规格比工业典型锅炉的规格更严格,热电联产锅炉的运行压力为8000千帕。PE1A在破碎季节作为果汁蒸发器容器,在非破碎季节作为蒸汽变压器。介绍了两种预蒸发器容器的运行情况。PE1A容器存在严重的腐蚀问题,PE-north容器并不普遍,尽管后者相当老旧,并且在类似的角色中使用。讨论了PE1A高腐蚀的原因,并介绍了改善赛马场运行条件的措施。
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Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie
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