In all sugar factories there is a need to store the white sugar produced for a longer or shorter period of time. With today‘s standard factory sizes, storage capacities of more than 100,000 t per factory are necessary. Large-capacity silos such as those built in various designs in the sugar factories are used for this purpose. In addition to an overview of the various silo designs, information on the conditioning and heating of the silos and the requirements for explosion protection are compiled.
{"title":"Storage of white sugar in large-capacity silos","authors":"Harald Schindler","doi":"10.36961/si27342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si27342","url":null,"abstract":"In all sugar factories there is a need to store the white sugar produced for a longer or shorter period of time. With today‘s standard factory sizes, storage capacities of more than 100,000 t per factory are necessary. Large-capacity silos such as those built in various designs in the sugar factories are used for this purpose. In addition to an overview of the various silo designs, information on the conditioning and heating of the silos and the requirements for explosion protection are compiled.","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73491921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Behrmann, Mareike Schwind, Manuel Schieler, A. Vilcinskas, O. Martinez, Kwang-Zin Lee, Christian Lang
From 2017 to 2020 an extensive monitoring for bacterial and viral yellowing diseases was carried out in southern and central Germany. The monitoring recorded for the first time the infestation of sugar beets with yellowing viruses and the disease „Syndrome Basses Richesses“ (SBR). To map the yellowing virus infestation, samples were examined for the presence of several virus species (BYV, BtMV, poleroviruses). The disease SBR was investigated in this study using the more common γ-3 proteobacterium “Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus”. In this study samples were chosen, which showed yellowing symptoms. The coordination of the sampling was carried out by the Association of Hessian-Palatinate Sugar Beet Growers. Results clearly show the extent of the heavily infested area from SBR to southern Hesse, Rhine-Hesse and Franconia. The spread of SBR can be explained by the migration of the leafhopper Pentastiridius leporinus. Furthermore, the regional and parallel spread of mixed infections of both yellowing diseases was shown for the first time, which probably contributed to the strong sugar yield losses observed in practice. Causes and effects of mixed infections of both yellowing diseases require further research. Over the four-year study period, a continuous increase in SBR infections was observed. Therefore, the need for development of appropriate management systems to control SBR is very high.
{"title":"Spread of bacterial and virus yellowing diseases of sugar beet in South and Central Germany from 2017–2020","authors":"S. Behrmann, Mareike Schwind, Manuel Schieler, A. Vilcinskas, O. Martinez, Kwang-Zin Lee, Christian Lang","doi":"10.36961/si27343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si27343","url":null,"abstract":"From 2017 to 2020 an extensive monitoring for bacterial and viral yellowing diseases was carried out in southern and central Germany. The monitoring recorded for the first time the infestation of sugar beets with yellowing viruses and the disease „Syndrome Basses Richesses“ (SBR). To map the yellowing virus infestation, samples were examined for the presence of several virus species (BYV, BtMV, poleroviruses). The disease SBR was investigated in this study using the more common γ-3 proteobacterium “Candidatus Arsenophonus phytopathogenicus”. In this study samples were chosen, which showed yellowing symptoms. The coordination of the sampling was carried out by the Association of Hessian-Palatinate Sugar Beet Growers. Results clearly show the extent of the heavily infested area from SBR to southern Hesse, Rhine-Hesse and Franconia. The spread of SBR can be explained by the migration of the leafhopper Pentastiridius leporinus. Furthermore, the regional and parallel spread of mixed infections of both yellowing diseases was shown for the first time, which probably contributed to the strong sugar yield losses observed in practice. Causes and effects of mixed infections of both yellowing diseases require further research. Over the four-year study period, a continuous increase in SBR infections was observed. Therefore, the need for development of appropriate management systems to control SBR is very high.","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90132643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Less steam for more: Hybrid tubular plate heat exchangers the cleverer heating elements for falling film evaporators","authors":"Manfred Hermanns","doi":"10.36961/si27438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si27438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76933342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beet sugar industry is facing several challenges for the future. The climate change is requiring a transition from the traditional fossil fuel to a greenhouse gas neutral energy source. The available possibilities for this purpose will be outlined in this paper. The recent EU sugar market reform has markedly increased the competition between sugar companies and the resulting lower sugar price has a significant impact on the profit margin of sugar production. In order to keep up with these challenges it is key to make an appropriate use of the available opportunities to improve the cost-efficiency of sugar beet processing. The different means to advance the sugar business are better asset utilization, continuous process improvement, introducing innovative process technologies and further developing a sugar factory into a biorefinery with a further valorisation of (co-)products and wherein synergy is obtained between different on-site process operations. Why and how these different available tools can improve the competitiveness of sugar factories will be discussed in detail. A proper combination and choice of the suggested changes and opportunities will enable sugar factories to get prepared for the future.
{"title":"The beet sugar factory of the future","authors":"J. D. Bruijn","doi":"10.36961/si27255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si27255","url":null,"abstract":"The beet sugar industry is facing several challenges for the future. The climate change is requiring a transition from the traditional fossil fuel to a greenhouse gas neutral energy source. The available possibilities for this purpose will be outlined in this paper. The recent EU sugar market reform has markedly increased the competition between sugar companies and the resulting lower sugar price has a significant impact on the profit margin of sugar production. In order to keep up with these challenges it is key to make an appropriate use of the available opportunities to improve the cost-efficiency of sugar beet processing. The different means to advance the sugar business are better asset utilization, continuous process improvement, introducing innovative process technologies and further developing a sugar factory into a biorefinery with a further valorisation of (co-)products and wherein synergy is obtained between different on-site process operations. Why and how these different available tools can improve the competitiveness of sugar factories will be discussed in detail. A proper combination and choice of the suggested changes and opportunities will enable sugar factories to get prepared for the future.","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86720980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI) has developed a Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) analytical method for use in sugarcane factories, initially for use in South Africa, in place of conventional analytical methods. Details on the development, validation and benefit of the SMRI-NIRS analytical method are reported in Part 1 of this paper (Walford 2019). By 2019 all South African sugarcane processing factories had discontinued conventional analyses in favour of the SMRI-NIRS method for factory control purposes. The SMRI-NIRS method predicts analytical results of dry solids, polarimetric sugar, sucrose (HPLC), glucose, fructose, conductivity ash contents as well as ICUMSA colour and pH value from a single NIRS scan of any suitably diluted sugarcane process stream sample. Final molasses dry solids can also be predicted. In addition to improved laboratory output, the additional analytical data can be used to improve factory performance. This paper gives examples of where the SMRI-NIRS technology, the analytical method and the associated decision-support toolkits, have been used in South African factories, to improve factory sucrose recoveries and the reporting of factory performance figures.
{"title":"The SMRI-NIRS technology Part 2: Improving factory performance","authors":"S. Madho, B. Barker","doi":"10.36961/si27256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si27256","url":null,"abstract":"The Sugar Milling Research Institute NPC (SMRI) has developed a Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) analytical method for use in sugarcane factories, initially for use in South Africa, in place of conventional analytical methods. Details on the development, validation and benefit of the SMRI-NIRS analytical method are reported in Part 1 of this paper (Walford 2019). By 2019 all South African sugarcane processing factories had discontinued conventional analyses in favour of the SMRI-NIRS method for factory control purposes. The SMRI-NIRS method predicts analytical results of dry solids, polarimetric sugar, sucrose (HPLC), glucose, fructose, conductivity ash contents as well as ICUMSA colour and pH value from a single NIRS scan of any suitably diluted sugarcane process stream sample. Final molasses dry solids can also be predicted. In addition to improved laboratory output, the additional analytical data can be used to improve factory performance. This paper gives examples of where the SMRI-NIRS technology, the analytical method and the associated decision-support toolkits, have been used in South African factories, to improve factory sucrose recoveries and the reporting of factory performance figures.","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83144228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is proposed to convert existing Robert evaporators into Trebor evaporators. Trebor evaporators work as falling film evaporators with the well-known thermal and technological advantages. When converting a Robert evaporator into a Trebor evaporator, the heating steam inlet and the vapour outlet as well as the condensate drain remain in their original positions. If necessary, the positions of the juice inlet and outlet nozzles are changed, and two additional nozzles and a circulation juice pump are required. These changes are cheaper than installing a new falling film evaporator.
{"title":"Proposal for modernization of Robert evaporators","authors":"Hans Joachim Praus","doi":"10.36961/si25908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si25908","url":null,"abstract":"It is proposed to convert existing Robert evaporators into Trebor evaporators. Trebor evaporators work as falling film evaporators with the well-known thermal and technological advantages. When converting a Robert evaporator into a Trebor evaporator, the heating steam inlet and the vapour outlet as well as the condensate drain remain in their original positions. If necessary, the positions of the juice inlet and outlet nozzles are changed, and two additional nozzles and a circulation juice pump are required. These changes are cheaper than installing a new falling film evaporator.","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74638213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research paper, development of a procedure of isolation of exopolysaccharides from frost-damaged beet and an analysis of structural and chemical composition of polymers isolated from sugar beet of different origin are presented. Total acid hydrolysis degradation integrated with HPAEC-ED analysis has been utilized to confirm the monomeric composition of the separated polysaccharides. The implementation of NMR spectral analysis and SEC chromatography of the structure of exopolysaccharides has been investigated. The results demonstrate that the chemical composition and structure of exopolysaccharides depend on their origin. Typical exopolysaccharides from Central European beet roots consist mainly of glucose monomers – and they have low branched structure – about 90% of α-1,6 linkage which is typical for dextran. The exopolysaccharides isolated from Swedish beet are characterized by 50–60% fructose monomers. They contain only about 65% α-1,6 linkages. Exopolysaccharides extracted from various origin beet differ in average molecular mass. The molecular distribution is not normal.
{"title":"Structure and chemical composition of exopolysaccharides of frost-damaged sugar beet","authors":"Aneta Antczak-Chrobot, M. Wojtczak","doi":"10.36961/si25906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si25906","url":null,"abstract":"In this research paper, development of a procedure of isolation of exopolysaccharides from frost-damaged beet and an analysis of structural and chemical composition of polymers isolated from sugar beet of different origin are presented. Total acid hydrolysis degradation integrated with HPAEC-ED analysis has been utilized to confirm the monomeric composition of the separated polysaccharides. The implementation of NMR spectral analysis and SEC chromatography of the structure of exopolysaccharides has been investigated. The results demonstrate that the chemical composition and structure of exopolysaccharides depend on their origin. Typical exopolysaccharides from Central European beet roots consist mainly of glucose monomers – and they have low branched structure – about 90% of α-1,6 linkage which is typical for dextran. The exopolysaccharides isolated from Swedish beet are characterized by 50–60% fructose monomers. They contain only about 65% α-1,6 linkages. Exopolysaccharides extracted from various origin beet differ in average molecular mass. The molecular distribution is not normal.","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90914831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A surplus in global production over consumption in 2017-18, initially projected at 10 mn t of sugar mainly from boosted production in India, Thailand, European Union and other countries, resulted in a 10-year low price of sugar in August 2018. Due to the low price environment seen in 2017-18, even the most efficient sugar producing countries such as Brazil had production cost higher than the world market price. It was opportune to study the competitiveness of different sugarcane industries in Southern, Eastern, Central and Western Africa in comparison with large producers such as Brazil, India, Thailand and Australia. Parameters measured included the general situation of each industry, the production of cane (area cultivated, yield, productivity, cane quality, harvest and control, performance of small producers, price of cane and research, development and extension), milling of cane (number of factories, sugar production, milling efficiency, price of sugar locally and internationally) and diversification (biofuel, electricity cogeneration and others). The technical performance indicators usually used by sugar analysts across the world were used to compare the technical efficiency of the industries concerned in relation to their regional and world competitors. National policies implemented in each country were analysed. Explicit lessons were drawn from the complexity and diversity of sugar policy applied to industries around the globe. Armed with these lessons, stakeholders should be able to develop a reformed policy tool box for the sugar industry that will allow it to achieve the required efficiency at all levels.
{"title":"Competitiveness of different sugarcane industries in an era of low sugar prices","authors":"L. Autrey, L. Jolly, P. L. D. Périndorge","doi":"10.36961/si24061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si24061","url":null,"abstract":"A surplus in global production over consumption in 2017-18, initially projected at 10 mn t of sugar mainly from boosted production in India, Thailand, European Union and other countries, resulted in a 10-year low price of sugar in August 2018. Due to the low price environment seen in 2017-18, even the most efficient sugar producing countries such as Brazil had production cost higher than the world market price. It was opportune to study the competitiveness of different sugarcane industries in Southern, Eastern, Central and Western Africa in comparison with large producers such as Brazil, India, Thailand and Australia. Parameters measured included the general situation of each industry, the production of cane (area cultivated, yield, productivity, cane quality, harvest and control, performance of small producers, price of cane and research, development and extension), milling of cane (number of factories, sugar production, milling efficiency, price of sugar locally and internationally) and diversification (biofuel, electricity cogeneration and others). The technical performance indicators usually used by sugar analysts across the world were used to compare the technical efficiency of the industries concerned in relation to their regional and world competitors. National policies implemented in each country were analysed. Explicit lessons were drawn from the complexity and diversity of sugar policy applied to industries around the globe. Armed with these lessons, stakeholders should be able to develop a reformed policy tool box for the sugar industry that will allow it to achieve the required efficiency at all levels.","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"42 1","pages":"94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77758416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Arapov, V. Kuritsyn, S. Tikhomirov, V. Denisenko
A method to expand solubility equation for pure sugar solutions to a generalized solubility model has been developed. The proposed approach can be used to calculate the solubility of a substance in an impure solvent with the known equation of its solubility in a pure solvent. A generalized mathematical model of solubility of sucrose in pure and industrial solutions has been obtained. The adequacy of the model was tested on 6 samples of impure solutions, including a water-ethanol-sucrose mixture. The solubility of sucrose in ethanol for a mass concentration from 1.0 to 99.0% of ethanol in the solution is calculated.
{"title":"Simulation of solubility by the example of a sugar solution","authors":"D. Arapov, V. Kuritsyn, S. Tikhomirov, V. Denisenko","doi":"10.36961/si23792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si23792","url":null,"abstract":"A method to expand solubility equation for pure sugar solutions to a generalized solubility model has been developed. The proposed approach can be used to calculate the solubility of a substance in an impure solvent with the known equation of its solubility in a pure solvent. A generalized mathematical model of solubility of sucrose in pure and industrial solutions has been obtained. The adequacy of the model was tested on 6 samples of impure solutions, including a water-ethanol-sucrose mixture. The solubility of sucrose in ethanol for a mass concentration from 1.0 to 99.0% of ethanol in the solution is calculated.","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73238287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two sugar factories with a processing capacity of 6000 t/d of beet and falling film type evaporators in all effects but differing in the lay-out of the evaporator station were compared. A five-effect station with serial juice flow from effect 1 to 5 was compared with a five-effect station, where the thin juice is fed into the 4th effect (pre-evaporator), and then after additional heating to the 1st effect. For the two sugar factories identical process parameters and identical technological equipment were assumed. It was found that the use of a pre-evaporator gives significant operating benefits to the operating of the evaporation station, which may support decision of its application despite the higher installation costs compared to the station without pre-evaporator.
{"title":"Comparison of evaporator stations with and without pre-evaporator","authors":"P. Lenard","doi":"10.36961/si23680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36961/si23680","url":null,"abstract":"Two sugar factories with a processing capacity of 6000 t/d of beet and falling film type evaporators in all effects but differing in the lay-out of the evaporator station were compared. A five-effect station with serial juice flow from effect 1 to 5 was compared with a five-effect station, where the thin juice is fed into the 4th effect (pre-evaporator), and then after additional heating to the 1st effect. For the two sugar factories identical process parameters and identical technological equipment were assumed. It was found that the use of a pre-evaporator gives significant operating benefits to the operating of the evaporation station, which may support decision of its application despite the higher installation costs compared to the station without pre-evaporator.","PeriodicalId":54362,"journal":{"name":"Sugar Industry-Zuckerindustrie","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75632590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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