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Yield and qualitative and biochemical characteristics of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) cultivated in different soil, water, and climate conditions 不同土壤、水分和气候条件下栽培藏红花的产量和质量及生化特性
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1216
Habibioallah Farrokhi, A. Asgharzadeh, Malihe Kazemi Samadi
Saffron is highly valued for its unique aroma, taste, color, and medicinal properties. Iran is one of the most important saffron-producing countries. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of climatic and environmental characteristics of six sites (Shirvan, Faruj, Zavareh, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Ghayen, and Birjand) on the yield and qualitative, and biochemical characteristics of saffron. The studied sites were considered as treatments. The obtained data were analyzed based on a nested design, where the village within the site was considered an experimental error, and the farm within the village within each site was considered a sampling error. The Torbat-e Heydarieh treatment with altitudes of ~1323.3 m produced the maximum saffron flower yield (0.83 g m2), stigma yield (0.098 g m2), safranal content (15.8%), picrocrocin content (30.6%), and crocins content (69.3%). Evidently that the low maximum summer temperature in the area is one of the reasons for its superiority. The correlation analysis between traits shows that the maximum summer temperature had a significant negative correlation with saffron flower yield, stigma yield, and picrocrocin and crocin content. Results showed the highest total flavonoid and phenol content and DPPH activity related to Shirvan and Faruj. Although the results showed that selenium could increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of saffron, this requires further studies to confirm it. Based on the findings, it is concluded that I) qualitative and quantitative characteristics of saffron are strongly controlled by the environmental and climatic conditions and II) Razavi Khorasan province had a significant advantage in terms of flower and stigma yield and safranal, picrocrocin and crocin content of saffron and North Khorasan province in terms of biochemical characteristics.
藏红花因其独特的香气、味道、颜色和药用特性而受到高度重视。伊朗是最重要的藏红花生产国之一。本研究旨在探讨6个产地(Shirvan、Faruj、Zavareh、torbate Heydarieh、Ghayen和Birjand)的气候和环境特征对藏红花产量、质量和生化特性的影响。所研究的部位被认为是治疗。获得的数据基于嵌套设计进行分析,其中站点内的村庄被认为是实验误差,每个站点内的村庄中的农场被认为是抽样误差。海拔~1323.3 m的Torbat-e Heydarieh处理的藏红花花产量最高(0.83 g m2),柱头产量最高(0.098 g m2),藏红花素含量最高(15.8%),微番红花素含量最高(30.6%),藏红花素含量最高(69.3%)。显然,该地区夏季最高气温较低是其优势的原因之一。性状间相关分析表明,夏季最高温度与藏红花花产量、柱头产量、藏红花素和藏红花素含量呈显著负相关。结果表明,黄酮类化合物、酚类化合物含量和DPPH活性最高的品种为石首菜和法鲁菜。虽然结果表明硒可以提高藏红花的定量和定性产量,但这需要进一步的研究来证实。综上所述,1)藏红花的定性和定量特征受环境和气候条件的强烈控制;2)拉萨维省在花和柱头产量以及藏红花、微藏红花素和藏红花素含量方面具有显著优势,而北呼罗珊省在生化特征方面具有显著优势。
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引用次数: 2
Predicting symptoms of downy mildew, powdery mildew, and gray mold diseases of grapevine through machine learning 通过机器学习预测葡萄霜霉病、白粉病和灰霉病的症状
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1131
I. Volpi, D. Guidotti, Michele Mammini, S. Marchi
Downy mildew, powdery mildew, and gray mold are major diseases of grapevine with a strong negative impact on fruit yield and fruit quality. These diseases are controlled by the application of chemicals, which may cause undesirable effects on the environment and on human health. Thus, monitoring and forecasting crop disease is essential to support integrated pest management (IPM) measures. In this study, two tree-based machine learning (ML) algorithms, random forest and C5.0, were compared to test their capability to predict the appearance of symptoms of grapevine diseases, considering meteorological conditions, spatial indices, the number of crop protection treatments and the frequency of monitoring days in which symptoms were recorded in the previous year. Data collected in Tuscany region (Italy), on the presence of symptoms on grapevine, from 2006 to 2017 were divided with an 80/20 proportion in training and test set, data collected in 2018 and 2019 were tested as independent years for downy mildew and powdery mildew. The frequency of symptoms in the previous year and the cumulative precipitation from April to seven days before the monitoring day were the most important variables among those considered in the analysis for predicting the occurrence of disease symptoms. The best performance in predicting the presence of symptoms of the three diseases was obtained with the algorithm C5.0 by applying (i) a technique to deal with imbalanced dataset (i.e., symptoms were detected in the minority of observations) and (ii) an optimized cut-off for predictions. The balanced accuracy achieved in the test set was 0.8 for downy mildew, 0.7 for powdery mildew and 0.9 for gray mold. The application of the models for downy mildew and powdery mildew in the two independent years (2018 and 2019) achieved a lower balanced accuracy, around 0.7 for both the diseases. Machine learning models were able to select the best predictors and to unravel the complex relationships among geographic indices, bioclimatic indices, protection treatments and the frequency of symptoms in the previous year. 
霜霉病、白粉病和灰霉病是葡萄的主要病害,对果实产量和品质有较大的负面影响。这些疾病是通过使用化学品来控制的,但化学品可能对环境和人类健康造成不良影响。因此,监测和预报作物病害对于支持病虫害综合治理(IPM)措施至关重要。在本研究中,比较了两种基于树木的机器学习(ML)算法——随机森林算法和C5.0算法,在考虑气象条件、空间指数、作物保护处理次数和上一年记录症状的监测天数的情况下,测试了它们预测葡萄病害症状出现的能力。在意大利托斯卡纳地区收集的2006年至2017年葡萄藤出现症状的数据在训练集和测试集中按80/20的比例进行划分,2018年和2019年收集的数据作为霜霉病和白粉病的独立年份进行测试。在预测疾病症状发生的分析中,前一年的症状频次和4月至监测日前7天的累计降水量是最重要的变量。通过应用(i)处理不平衡数据集的技术(即在少数观察值中检测到症状)和(ii)优化的预测截止值,C5.0算法在预测三种疾病的症状存在方面获得了最佳性能。测试集的平衡精度为霜霉0.8,白粉病0.7,灰霉0.9。霜霉病和白粉病模型在两个独立年份(2018年和2019年)的应用取得了较低的平衡精度,两种疾病的平衡精度都在0.7左右。机器学习模型能够选择最佳预测因子,并揭示上一年的地理指数、生物气候指数、保护治疗和症状频率之间的复杂关系。
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引用次数: 5
Testing of Drought Exceedance Probability Index (DEPI) for Turkey using PERSIANN data for 2000-2021 period 使用2000-2021年期间PERSIANN数据对土耳其干旱异常概率指数(DEPI)进行测试
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1308
E. Topçu
Drought is a climatic event that threatens the environment and human life with an ambiguity of location and time. Recently, droughts can be analyzed for different periods with the help of different mathematical methods and developing technology. This study aims to perform a drought analysis in 126 designated study points of Turkey. The analyzed data includes monthly total precipitation values between March 2000 and February 2021, obtained from PERSIANN system (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks). Monthly precipitation totals of these designated points were used as input parameters in the Drought Exceedance Probability Index (DEPI) which is a new drought analysis method. The analysis was conducted separately for the whole of Turkey from January to December. Moreover, the findings were compared with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a globally accepted and commonly used drought index, to measure the drought detection performance of DEPI. SPI was calculated for periods of 6, 12 and 24 months. Pearson correlation coefficients between drought values of SPI-6, SPI-12 and SPI-24 and DEPI results were calculated. The second part of the study includes possible trend of drought determined by the Mann-Kendall trend analysis method. Both DEPI and SPI results and trend analysis results were mapped and visualized with the help of ArcGIS package program. The highest correlation is between DEPI and SPI-12 with 0.75, while the lowest correlation is between DEPI and SPI-24 with a value of 0.62. SPI monthly drought maps indicated the wettest months were January and February, while the driest months were March and July. Besides the DEPI monthly drought maps, the wettest months were October and November, while the driest months were May and June. The Mann-Kendall trend maps showed a significant increase in drought for summer.
干旱是一种威胁环境和人类生活的气候事件,具有地点和时间的模糊性。近年来,利用不同的数学方法和发展技术,可以对不同时期的干旱进行分析。本研究旨在对土耳其126个指定的研究点进行干旱分析。分析的数据包括2000年3月至2021年2月的月总降水量,数据来自PERSIANN系统(使用人工神经网络的遥感信息降水估计)。将这些指定点的月降水总量作为干旱超过概率指数(DEPI)的输入参数,这是一种新的干旱分析方法。该分析是在1月至12月期间对整个土耳其单独进行的。并将研究结果与标准化降水指数(SPI)进行了比较,以衡量DEPI的干旱检测性能。分别计算6、12和24个月的SPI。计算了SPI-6、SPI-12和SPI-24干旱值与DEPI结果之间的Pearson相关系数。研究的第二部分包括利用Mann-Kendall趋势分析法确定的干旱可能趋势。利用ArcGIS包程序对DEPI、SPI结果和趋势分析结果进行制图和可视化。DEPI与SPI-12的相关性最高,为0.75,与SPI-24的相关性最低,为0.62。SPI月度干旱图显示,最潮湿的月份是1月和2月,而最干燥的月份是3月和7月。除了DEPI的月度干旱图外,最潮湿的月份是10月和11月,而最干燥的月份是5月和6月。曼-肯德尔趋势图显示,夏季干旱显著增加。
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引用次数: 1
Predicting the potential habitat of Russian-Olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in urban landscapes 城市景观中油橄榄潜在生境预测
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1071
Z. Karimian, A. Farashi
Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) is a species native to southern Europe and central and eastern Asia. This species plays an important role in urban landscape design because of its rapid growth, resistance in harsh climates and tolerance to human-caused pressure. Understanding its potential dispersal and restricting parameters are the first steps toward the sustainable use of this species. Here, we used Species Distribution Models to predict the potential distribution of Russian-olive in Iran climate and estimate the possible limiting factors for its spread. Our results highlighted the importance of environmental variables including climatic factors, soil, and lithology in the distribution of this species throughout the country. According to these results, suitable habitats for Russian-olive are located in the north of Iran along the Alborz and Koppeh-Dagh mountain ranges. Therefore, the suitable habitats for this species are limited to only nine percent of the country. A habitat suitability map can be used to evaluate future developments in urban areas and predict the dispersal range of Russian-olive in Iran. Our results show that Russian-olive can be used to create new green spaces in urban climates in the northern regions of Iran.
俄罗斯橄榄(Elaeagnus angustifolia)是一种原产于南欧、中亚和东亚的树种。由于其生长迅速,对恶劣气候的抵抗力和对人为压力的耐受性,该物种在城市景观设计中发挥着重要作用。了解其潜在的扩散和限制参数是可持续利用该物种的第一步。本文利用物种分布模型预测了俄罗斯橄榄在伊朗气候中的潜在分布,并估计了其传播的可能限制因素。我们的研究结果强调了气候因素、土壤和岩性等环境变量对该物种在全国范围内分布的重要性。根据这些结果,适合俄罗斯橄榄的栖息地位于伊朗北部沿着Alborz和Koppeh-Dagh山脉。因此,适合这种物种的栖息地仅限于全国的百分之九。栖息地适宜性图可用于评价城市地区的未来发展,并预测俄罗斯橄榄树在伊朗的扩散范围。我们的研究结果表明,俄罗斯橄榄树可以用来在伊朗北部地区的城市气候中创造新的绿色空间。
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引用次数: 0
Micrometeorological modeling and water consumption of tabasco pepper cultivated under greenhouse conditions 塔巴斯科辣椒温室栽培的微气象模拟及耗水量
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1221
Sérgio Weine Paulino Chaves, Rubens Duarte Coelho, Jéfferson de Oliveira Costa, Sergio André Tapparo
Micrometeorological variables of tabasco pepper cultivated under greenhouse and drip irrigated conditions have not been presented to date in literature, especially the water consumption of these plants, in terms of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc). The determination of these variables is extremely important for the application of the correct amount of water to irrigated crops in these environments because PM FAO (56) standard methodology was idealized for outdoor environments. The objective of this work was to develop models of estimation of micrometeorological variables in greenhouse conditions and to determine the water demand, in terms of evapotranspiration (ET) and Kc, of the pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), cv. Tabasco McIlhenny, drip irrigated using drainage lysimeters. The research was carried out in an experimental area located at the University of Sao Paulo (USP) in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The following micrometeorological variables were monitored: air temperature, air relative humidity (digital thermohygrometer) and evaporation (mini-pan) (EMT). Drainage lysimeters were used to obtain the ETc and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated outside the greenhouse by the Penman Monteith (EToPM), Hargreaves and Samani (EToHS) methods and the class “A” pan method (ECA). It was concluded that the total value of mini-pan evaporation (EMT) inside the greenhouse was practically equal to EToPM, 5% lower than EToHS and 31% higher than ECA in the outdoor environment. ET values ranged from 0.28 to 2.42 mm day-1 and total crop ET was 446.43 mm. The Kc values for the first pepper production cycle were: 0.17 in the initial phase, 0.76 in the flowering and fruiting phase and 0.39 in the harvest phase, for the second production cycle, the value of Kc was 0.50 at the harvest phase.
温室和滴灌条件下塔巴斯科辣椒的微气象变量,特别是耗水量,如作物蒸散量(ETc)和作物系数(Kc),迄今尚未见文献报道。这些变量的确定对于在这些环境中为灌溉作物施用正确的水量至关重要,因为PM FAO(56)标准方法是理想的室外环境。本研究的目的是建立估算温室条件下微气象变量的模型,并根据辣椒(Capsicum frutescens L.)的蒸散发(ET)和Kc来确定辣椒(Capsicum frutescens L.), cv。塔巴斯科麦基尔亨尼,用排水溶渗仪滴灌。这项研究是在巴西圣保罗州皮拉西卡巴的圣保罗大学(USP)的一个实验区进行的。监测了以下微气象变量:气温、空气相对湿度(数字湿度计)和蒸发量(迷你锅)。利用排水渗蒸仪获取ETc,采用Penman Monteith (EToPM)法、Hargreaves and Samani (EToHS)法和A类pan法(ECA)估算温室外参考蒸散量(ETo)。结果表明,在室外环境下,温室内微型蒸发皿蒸发量(EMT)与EToPM基本相等,比EToHS低5%,比ECA高31%。ET值为0.28 ~ 2.42 mm d -1,作物总ET值为446.43 mm。辣椒第一个生产周期的Kc值为:初始期0.17,开花结实期0.76,收获期0.39,第二个生产周期的Kc值为收获期0.50。
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引用次数: 2
Estimation of measured evapotranspiration using data-driven methods with limited meteorological variables 利用有限气象变量的数据驱动方法估算实测蒸散量
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1055
E. E. Başakın, Ö. Ekmekcioğlu, M. Özger, Nilcan Altınbaş, L. Şaylan
Determination of surface energy balance depends on the energy exchange between land and atmosphere. Thus, crop, soil and meteorological factors are crucial, particularly in agricultural fields. Evapotranspiration is derived from latent heat component of surface energy balance and is a key factor to clarify the energy transfer mechanism. Development of the methods and technologies for the aim of determining and measuring of evapotranspiration have been one of the main focus points for researchers. However, the direct measurement systems are not common because of economic reasons. This situation causes that different methods are used to estimate evapotranspiration, particularly in locations where no measurements are made. Thus, in this study, non-linear techniques were applied to make accurate estimations of evapotranspiration over the winter wheat canopy located in the field of Atatürk Soil Water and Agricultural Meteorology Research Institute Directorate, Kırklareli, Turkey. This is the first attempt in the literature which consist of the comparison of different machine learning methods in the evapotranspiration values obtained by the Bowen Ratio Energy Balance system. In order to accomplish this aim, support-vector machine, Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system and Artificial neural network models have been evaluated for different input combinations. The results revealed that even with only global solar radiation data taken as an input, a high prediction accuracy can be achieved. These results are particularly advantageous in cases where the measurement of meteorological variables is limited. With the results of this study, progress can be made in the efficient use and management of water resources based on the input parameters of evapotranspiration especially for regions with limited data.
地表能量平衡的确定取决于陆地和大气之间的能量交换。因此,作物、土壤和气象因素至关重要,特别是在农业领域。蒸散发来源于地表能量平衡的潜热分量,是阐明能量传递机制的关键因素。测定和测量植物蒸散量的方法和技术的发展一直是研究人员关注的焦点之一。然而,由于经济原因,直接测量系统并不常见。这种情况导致使用不同的方法来估计蒸散发,特别是在没有进行测量的地方。因此,在本研究中,应用非线性技术对土耳其atatat rk土壤水与农业气象研究所理事会(Kırklareli)大田的冬小麦冠层蒸散量进行了精确估算。这是文献中第一次尝试比较不同机器学习方法在鲍文比能量平衡系统得到的蒸散发值。为了实现这一目标,对不同的输入组合进行了支持向量机、自适应神经模糊推理系统和人工神经网络模型的评价。结果表明,即使仅以全球太阳辐射数据作为输入,也可以获得较高的预测精度。这些结果在气象变量测量有限的情况下特别有利。研究结果可为基于蒸散发输入参数的水资源高效利用与管理提供参考,特别是在数据有限的地区。
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引用次数: 9
Meteorological and Salix species (S. acutifolia, S. smithiana, S. viminalis) phenological trends in central Italy 意大利中部气象和柳属物候变化趋势(S. acutifolia, S. smithiana, S. viminalis)
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-822
F. Orlandi, A. Ranfa, L. Ruga, C. Proietti, M. Fornaciari
Plant phenology, through opportune observing and interpreting techniques can be useful to interpret the eventual plant vegetative and reproductive adaptation to climate changes. Some plants of Salix acutifolia Willd., S. smithiana Willd. and S. viminalis L. were considered in a phenological garden in central Italy for analysing their phenological growth stages according to the International gardens network indications during a 10-year period (2008-2017) which allowed us to realize some preliminary trend analyses. The 3 Salix species showed different behaviours in the same cultivation area. S. acutifolia manifested no trend for spring and autumnal phases, S. viminalis presented low significant trends while S. Smithiana was that with the more evident tendencies for all the considered vegetative phases during the study period. The reproductive phase (BBCH 65) showed no significant trend for any Salix species during the study period not being influenced by the different meteorological variables and suggesting that photoperiod in this case may play an important role. The more evident phenological trends were represented for 2 Salix species by the advance of the leaf development during spring and by the progressive delay of the senescence during the last part of the summer, with the fallen leaves phase that was recorded averagely 2 weeks later during the last years of the study period.
通过适当的观察和解释技术,植物物候学可以用来解释植物对气候变化的最终营养和生殖适应。沙柳属部分野生植物。S.史密斯安娜·威尔德。在意大利中部的一个物候花园中,根据国际花园网络在10年期间(2008-2017年)的指示分析了它们的物候生长阶段,这使我们能够实现一些初步的趋势分析。3种柳在同一栽培区内表现出不同的行为。在研究期内,针叶草在春季和秋季各营养阶段均无明显的变化趋势,金针草在各营养阶段均有不显著的变化趋势,而史密斯草在各营养阶段均有较明显的变化趋势。在不受不同气象变量影响的情况下,柳属植物的生殖期(bbch65)变化趋势不明显,这表明在这种情况下,光周期可能起重要作用。2种柳属植物的物候变化趋势较为明显,春季叶片发育提前,夏末衰老逐渐延迟,在研究期的最后几年,平均2周后记录到落叶期。
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引用次数: 1
Development of agro-climatic grape yield model with future prospective 农业气候葡萄产量模型的开发与展望
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-406
S. J. Kadbhane, V. Manekar
Agriculture sector is most vulnerable to climate change. To predict the crop yield in accordance with the changing climate is a need of hour than choice. To know the climate in advance is crucial for grape growing farmers and grape export agencies for its better planning and security of grape industries from climate change perspective. In the present study, the Agro-Climatic Grape Yield (ACGY) model is developed on monthly scale climatic parameters using correlation, significance and multi-regression analysis approach. The developed model is statistically tested for its predictive ability. The discrepancy ratio, the standard deviation of discrepancy ratio, mean percentage error and standard deviation of mean percentage error for the developed model is obtained as 1.03, 0.19, 0.03% and 0.19 respectively. Sensitivity analysis is carried out for the developed ACGY model using the parametric sensitivity method. In order to know the grape yield for future using developed ACGY model, climate scenarios are generated under Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) for three emissions Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) as RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5. Model response variability is carried out to understand the variation of grape yield. It is observed that grape yield is showing adverse variation with the increase in minimum temperature in January and November months, and precipitation in August and November months. Whereas, minimum temperature in April and sum of monthly mean evapotranspiration showing accordance effect on the grape yield. It is recommended the use of ACGY model for grape yield estimations applicable for the present and future climate of the study area based on the predictive capability of developed model.
农业部门最容易受到气候变化的影响。根据气候变化预测作物产量是一项紧迫的任务。提前了解气候变化对葡萄种植户和葡萄出口机构从气候变化的角度更好地规划和保障葡萄产业至关重要。本文采用相关性、显著性和多元回归分析方法,建立了月尺度气候参数的农业气候葡萄产量(ACGY)模型。该模型的预测能力得到了统计检验。所得模型的差异比、差异比标准差、平均百分比误差和平均百分比误差标准差分别为1.03、0.19、0.03%和0.19。采用参数灵敏度法对所建立的ACGY模型进行了灵敏度分析。在加拿大地球系统模型(CanESM2)下,以RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5三种典型排放浓度路径(RCP)为研究对象,对未来葡萄产量进行了预测。通过模型响应变率来了解葡萄产量的变化。随着1月和11月最低气温的增加,8月和11月降水量的增加,葡萄产量呈负向变化。4月最低气温与月平均蒸散量对葡萄产量的影响呈一致。建议在已有模型预测能力的基础上,采用ACGY模型对研究区当前和未来气候条件下的葡萄产量进行估算。
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引用次数: 3
The influence of extreme weather events on farm economic performance – a case study from Serbia 极端天气事件对农业经济绩效的影响——以塞尔维亚为例
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1073
S. Todorović, S. Ivanović, N. Bogdanov
Western Balkan region, particularly Serbia, is faced with an increased frequency of extreme weather events, as a consequence of global climate change. However, there is still no enough research on how the effects of extreme weather events could be measured on the farm level. More importantly, there is no standard international methodology that is used regularly to address the issue. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of extreme weather events on business performances of two the most common farm types in Serbia. To achieve this goal, the authors performed a financial loss assessment on a farm level. Panel models and R software environment were used to perform a multiple regression analysis allowing to indicate determinants of financial loss indicator depending on the farm’s production type. The results indicated that performance of both farm types is more influenced by drought than by floods. The regression analysis revealed that for both farm types financial stress is the most important independent variable.
由于全球气候变化,西巴尔干地区,特别是塞尔维亚,面临着极端天气事件频率增加的问题。然而,关于如何在农场层面上衡量极端天气事件的影响,目前还没有足够的研究。更重要的是,没有标准的国际方法经常用于解决这个问题。因此,本研究的目的是评估极端天气事件对塞尔维亚两种最常见的农场类型的业务绩效的影响。为了实现这一目标,作者在农场层面进行了经济损失评估。面板模型和R软件环境用于执行多元回归分析,允许根据农场的生产类型指示财务损失指标的决定因素。结果表明,干旱对两种农业生产绩效的影响大于洪涝。回归分析表明,对于这两种农场类型,财务压力是最重要的自变量。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of inter-annual climate variability on grape harvest timing in rainfed hilly vineyards of Piedmont (NW Italy) 皮埃蒙特(意大利西北部)雨养丘陵葡萄园年际气候变化对葡萄收获时间的影响
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2020-03-09 DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10563
Danilo Rabino, M. Biddoccu, Giorgia Bagagiolo, G. Nigrelli, L. Mercalli, D. Cat Berro, F. Spanna, G. Capello, E. Cavallo
<p>Historical weather data represent an extremely precious resource for agro-meteorology for studying evolutionary dynamics and for predictive purposes, to address agronomical and management choices, that have economic, social and environmental effect. The study of climatic variability and its consequences starts from the observation of variations over time and the identification of the causes, on the basis of historical series of meteorological observations. The availability of long-lasting, complete and accurate datasets is a fundamental requirement to predict and react to climate variability. Inter-annual climate changes deeply affect grapevine productive cycle determining direct impact on the onset and duration of phenological stages and, ultimately, on the grape harvest and yield. Indeed, climate variables, such as air temperature and precipitation, affect evapotranspiration rates, plant water requirements, and also the vine physiology. In this respect, the observed increase in the number of warm days poses a threat to grape quality as it creates a situation of imbalance at maturity, with respect to sugar content, acidity and phenolic and aromatic ripeness.</p><p>A study was conducted to investigate the relationships between climate variables and harvest onset dates to assess the responses of grapevine under a global warming scenario. The study was carried out in the “Monferrato” area, a rainfed hillslope vine-growing area of NW Italy. In particular, the onset dates of harvest of different local wine grape varieties grown in the Vezzolano Experimental Farm (CNR-IMAMOTER) and in surrounding vineyards (affiliated to the Terre dei Santi Cellars) were recorded from 1962 to 2019 and then related to historical series of climate data by means of regression analysis. The linear regression was performed based on the averages of maximum and minimum daily temperatures and sum of precipitation (1962–2019) calculated for growing and ripening season, together with a bioclimatic heat index for vineyards, the Huglin index. The climate data were obtained from two data series collected in the Experimental farm by a mechanical weather station (1962-2002) and a second series recorded (2002-2019) by an electro-mechanical station included in Piedmont Regional Agro-meteorological Network. Finally, a third long-term continuous series covering the period from 1962 to 2019, provided by Italian Meteorological Society was considered in the analysis.</p><p>The results of the study highlighted that inter-annual climate variability, with a general positive trend of temperature, significantly affects the ripening of grapes with a progressive anticipation of the harvest onset dates. In particular, all the considered variables excepted precipitation, resulted negatively correlated with the harvest onset date reaching a high level of significance (up to P< 0.001). Best results have been obtained for maximum temperature and Huglin index, especially by using
历史天气数据是农业气象学的一种极其宝贵的资源,用于研究进化动力学和预测目的,以解决具有经济、社会和环境影响的农业经济学和管理选择。气候变异性及其后果的研究始于对随时间变化的观测,以及在历史气象观测系列的基础上确定原因。提供持久、完整和准确的数据集是预测和应对气候变化的基本要求。年间气候变化严重影响葡萄生产周期,决定了对酚期开始和持续时间的直接影响,最终影响了葡萄的收成和产量。事实上,气候变量,如气温和降水,会影响蒸散率、植物需水量以及葡萄藤的生理机能。在这方面,观察到的温暖天数的增加对葡萄质量构成了威胁,因为它在成熟时造成了糖含量、酸度、酚类和芳香成熟度的不平衡。进行了一项研究,调查气候变量和收获开始日期之间的关系,以评估葡萄藤在全球变暖情景下的反应。该研究是在;蒙费拉托”;该地区是意大利西北部一个雨水灌溉的山坡葡萄种植区。特别是,1962年至2019年,记录了在维佐拉诺实验农场(CNR-IMAMOTER)和周围葡萄园(隶属于Terre dei Santi酒窖)种植的不同当地酿酒葡萄品种的收获开始日期,然后通过回归分析与历史系列气候数据相关联。线性回归是基于生长和成熟季节计算的最高和最低日温度的平均值和降水量总和(1962–;2019),以及葡萄园的生物气候热指数Huglin指数进行的。气候数据来自机械气象站在实验农场收集的两个数据系列(1962-2002)和皮埃蒙特地区农业气象网机电站记录的第二个系列(2002-2019)。最后,分析中考虑了意大利气象学会提供的涵盖1962年至2019年的第三个长期连续序列。研究结果强调,年际气候变化具有普遍的积极温度趋势,显著影响葡萄的成熟,并逐渐预测收获开始日期。特别是,除降水量外,所有考虑的变量都与收获开始日期呈负相关,达到高度显著性(P<0.001)。最高温度和Huglin指数的结果最好,尤其是使用最完整的数据集。使用包括过去15年在内的数据集获得的变化率(按绝对值计算)大于1962-2002年期间的结果,而且相关性具有更高的显著性。结果清楚地表明了温度趋势与收获的逐渐预期之间的关系,以及拥有长期连续的历史天气数据系列的重要性。
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引用次数: 3
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Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia
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