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Predicting Iran’s future agro-climate variability and coherence using zonation‑based PCA 使用基于区划的主成分分析预测伊朗未来农业气候的可变性和一致性
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2023-01-29 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1557
S. Sharafi
The effects of climate changes on agroecosystems can cause relevant issues. Using principal component analysis (PCA) we determined the 67 agricultural climate indicators (ACI) at 44 of Iran’s synoptic stations under current (1990-2019) and future (2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100) conditions. Based on UNESCO aridity index, the agroecological zonation (AEZ) was used to classify Iran’s regions (very dry, dry, semidry and humid climates). Using the PCA method, the first 5 principal components were determined by including data sets for temperature (winter, spring, summer and autumn maximum and winter minimum temperature), precipitation (winter and summer precipitation), reference evapotranspiration (ETref), and the degree of growth days in spring and winter, which explained about 96 percent of the total variance. For each climate empirical equation for ETref was selected. In order to accurate evaluation of ETref were used The Penman-Monteith based on FAO56 (PM-FAO56) for the very dry climate, the Hargreaves equation for the semidry climate, and the Penman 1 and 2 equations for the dry and humid climates, respectively. According to the results, the first component alone, with an eigenvalue of 41.15, explained more than 74 percent of the total variance. Based on the results of zoning by the PCA outcomes, the stations for 1990-2019 were classified into 7 zones. While 2025, 2050, 2075, and 2100 were classified in 6, 7, 6, and 5 zones, respectively. Under the future climatic conditions of the country, in terms of climatic indicators, the similarity between the stations will increase and the climatic diversity of the country will decline compared to current conditions. The results demonstrated that the PCA method would be valuable for monitoring AEZ in semidry climates at reasonably long periods.
气候变化对农业生态系统的影响可能引发相关问题。使用主成分分析(PCA),我们确定了在当前(1990-2019)和未来(2025、2050、2075和2100)条件下,伊朗44个天气站的67个农业气候指标(ACI)。根据联合国教科文组织干旱指数,使用农业生态区划(AEZ)对伊朗的地区(非常干燥、干燥、半干燥和潮湿的气候)进行分类。使用主成分分析方法,通过包括温度(冬季、春季、夏季和秋季最高和冬季最低温度)、降水量(冬季和夏季降水量)、参考蒸散量(ETref)和春季和冬季生长天数的数据集来确定前5个主成分,这解释了约96%的总方差。为每种气候选择了ETref的经验方程。为了准确评估ETref,在非常干燥的气候下分别使用基于FAO56(PM-FAO56)的Penman-Monteith方程、在半干燥气候下使用Hargreaves方程以及在干燥和潮湿气候下使用Penman-1和2方程。根据结果,仅第一个分量的特征值为41.15,就解释了总方差的74%以上。根据主成分分析结果的分区结果,1990-2019年的台站分为7个区。而2025年、2050年、2075年和2100年分别被划分为6个、7个、6个和5个区域。在该国未来的气候条件下,就气候指标而言,与当前条件相比,各站之间的相似性将增加,该国的气候多样性将下降。结果表明,主成分分析方法对于在半干旱气候下长时间监测AEZ是有价值的。
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引用次数: 2
Effects of heat waves on soil temperatures in Slovenia 热浪对斯洛文尼亚土壤温度的影响
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1388
T. Pogačar, Lučka Kajfež Bogataj, Rok Kuk, Z. Črepinšek
Soil temperature regulates the rate of plant growth and tells us much about the climatic characteristics of a particular site. Climate variability and extremes need to be studied and there is a large gap in knowledge about soil temperature during heat waves. Agricultural land is highly dependent on heat waves, which are becoming longer, more intense and more frequent, and it is important to monitor soil temperatures in situ to understand their changes during heat waves. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate how soil temperatures change at different depths during and after heat waves. Average daily air and soil temperature data for the 25-year period 1992-2016 were evaluated at four agrometeorological stations in three climate zones in Slovenia and analyzed during heat waves determined according to the Slovenian definition. During the period 1992-2016, 53 (Lesce) to 76 (Ljubljana) heat waves were identified. Analysis of average air and soil temperatures before, during and after heat waves showed higher responsiveness of the upper part of the soils and an increase in the time lag between maximum air temperature and maximum soil temperature with depth. The maximum temperature during the heat wave was reached on average in three to nine days, depending on the depth. Only in Moderate climate of the hilly region, the average daily temperatures at a depth of 100 cm remained below 20°C during and after the heat wave. The temperature rise in the deeper layers of the soil lasts longer than in the shallower layers. 
土壤温度调节着植物的生长速度,并告诉我们一个特定地点的气候特征。需要对气候变率和极端事件进行研究,而且在热浪期间的土壤温度知识方面存在很大差距。农业用地高度依赖热浪,热浪变得越来越长、越来越强烈、越来越频繁,监测土壤温度对了解热浪期间土壤温度的变化非常重要。因此,这项工作的目的是研究在热浪期间和之后不同深度的土壤温度是如何变化的。在斯洛文尼亚三个气候带的四个农业气象站评估了1992-2016年25年间的平均每日空气和土壤温度数据,并在根据斯洛文尼亚定义确定的热浪期间进行了分析。1992年至2016年期间,共发现53次(莱斯)至76次(卢布尔雅那)热浪。热浪发生前、期间和之后的平均空气和土壤温度分析表明,上部土壤的响应性更高,最高空气温度和最高土壤温度之间的时间差随着深度的增加而增加。热浪期间的最高温度平均在3至9天内达到,具体时间取决于深度。只有在温和气候的丘陵地区,在热浪期间和之后,100 cm深度的日平均温度保持在20°C以下。深层土壤的温度上升比浅层土壤的温度上升持续的时间更长。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of phenological stages, growth and meteorological factor on the albedo of different crop cultivars 不同作物品种的生育期、生育期和气象因子对反射率的影响
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1445
F. Bakanoğullari, L. Şaylan, Serhan Yeşilköy
Albedo is a key component of the atmospheric, climatologic and remote sensing studies by means of global warming, energy balance, evapotranspiration, climate models, hydrological cycle etc.  For these reasons, the accurate determination of surface albedo has become more important. In this study, the variation of measured albedo values of winter wheat, barley and sunflower cultivars according to phenological stages was investigated for the first time in the northwestern part of Turkey. Additonally, influences of leaf area index as growth indicator and rainfall as meteorological variable on albedo were also analyzed. The average albedo values of winter wheat, barley and sunflower in both growing periods varied from 0.176 to 0.190 for winter wheat, from 0.171 to 0.189 for sunflower and from 0.187 to 0.214 for barley cultivars. According to phenological stages, the minimum and maximum average albedo values were found for winter wheat as 0.121 between sowing and germination and 0.247 between stem formation and head emergence; for sunflower as 0.150 between sowing and germination and 0.212 between leaf initiation and immature bud; for barley as 0.144 sowing and germination and 0.261 between head emergence and flowering stages. Additionally, significant relationships were found between albedo and leaf area index for winter wheat, barley and sunflower as r2=0.87, r2=0.82 and r2=0.77, respectively. 
反照率是全球变暖、能量平衡、蒸散、气候模型、水文循环等大气、气候和遥感研究的关键组成部分。因此,准确确定地表反照率变得更加重要。在本研究中,首次在土耳其西北部调查了冬小麦、大麦和向日葵品种的反射率测量值随酚期的变化。此外,还分析了叶面积指数作为生长指标和降雨量作为气象变量对反照率的影响。冬小麦、大麦和向日葵在两个生长期的平均反照率值变化范围为:冬小麦为0.176至0.190,向日葵为0.171至0.189,大麦品种为0.187至0.214。冬小麦从播种到发芽的平均反照率最小值和最大值分别为0.121和0.247;向日葵从播种到发芽为0.150,从叶片萌生到幼芽为0.212;大麦在播种和发芽期间为0.144,在出苗和开花阶段之间为0.261。此外,冬小麦、大麦和向日葵的反照率与叶面积指数之间存在显著关系,分别为r2=0.87、r2=0.82和r2=0.77。
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引用次数: 1
The effect of deficit irrigation and fertilizer on quantitative and qualitative yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) 亏缺灌溉和施肥对藜麦产量的影响
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1136
Hassan Fatemi Kiyan, M. Tatari, Mohammad Reza Tokalo, M. Salehi, K. Hajmohammadnia Ghalibaf
In order to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and chemical fertilizers on yield and some physiological traits of quinoa an experiment was conducted in 2019 as split plot based on a randomized complete block design in two locations (Mashhad and Neishabour). Irrigation included, I0: full irrigation, I1: no irrigation at emergence stage, I2: no irrigation at stem elongation stage, I3: no irrigation at flowering stage, I4: no irrigation at seed setting stage. Fertilizer treatments included control (no fertilizer application); chemical fertilizer application according to local practices; manure application of 10 tons; and manure application of 20 tons per hectare. In general, seed yield, percentage of protein and seed oil in Mashhad was higher than in Neishabour. I2 treatment had the least negative effect on relative leaf water content. Application of chemical fertilizers, 10 tons and 20 tons of animal manure increased the percent of seed protein by 1.43, 1.66 and 2.37 compared to the control, respectively. The highest percentage of seed oil (5.91%) was obtained for treatment I2 in Mashhad and the lowest percentage of seed oil (4.18%) was obtained for treatment I4 in Neishabour. The lowest seed yield due to I1 treatment was observed in Neishabour and the highest seed yield was related to I0 treatment with 20 tons of manure and was observed in Mashhad. The results showed that the yield and water stress tolerance potential of quinoa can be modified by irrigation, fertilizer source and location.
为了研究亏缺灌溉和化肥对藜麦产量和一些生理特性的影响,2019年在两个地点(马什哈德和内沙布尔)进行了基于随机完全区组设计的分块试验。灌溉包括:I0:全灌溉,I1:出苗期不灌溉,I2:茎伸长期不灌溉;I3:开花期不灌溉。肥料处理包括对照(不施肥);根据当地做法施用化肥;施用10吨肥料;每公顷施用20吨肥料。总的来说,马什哈德的种子产量、蛋白质和籽油的百分比高于内沙布尔。I2处理对叶片相对含水量的负面影响最小。与对照相比,施用化肥、10吨和20吨动物粪便分别使种子蛋白质含量增加1.43、1.66和2.37。在Mashhad的处理I2中获得最高百分比的籽油(5.91%),而在Neishabour的处理I4中获得最低百分比的豆油(4.18%)。在内沙布尔观察到I1处理导致的最低种子产量,而在马什哈德观察到的最高种子产量与20吨粪肥的I0处理有关。结果表明,灌溉方式、肥料来源和施肥地点可以改变藜麦的产量和耐水胁迫潜力。
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引用次数: 2
Agricultural drought assessment on the base of Hydro-thermal Coefficient of Selyaninov in Poland 基于水热系数的波兰塞利亚尼诺夫地区农业干旱评价
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1530
Joanna Chmist-Sikorska, M. Kępińska-Kasprzak, P. Struzik
Climate change on the globe has been manifested over the past few decades by, among other things, an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events, such as droughts. Drought affects millions of people around the world every year. Its effects usually appear after a long period of rainfall deficit. Based on climate projections, it is emphasized that water scarcity will be one of the most important problems in the future. Due to the importance of the increasing problem of drought, the analysis of this phenomenon in Poland was undertaken in the context of agriculture. The aim of this study was to assess the course of drought in the vegetation period during years 2001-2020 for Poland based on the Selyaninov’s coefficient (HTC). As shown in this study, the western and central parts of the country, dominated by arable land, are particularly vulnerable to drought. Due to the cyclic nature of periods classified by HTC as dry, it can be concluded that the problem of precipitation deficit for crops in Poland could get worse.
在过去几十年里,全球气候变化的表现之一是极端天气事件(如干旱)的频率增加。干旱每年影响着全世界数百万人。它的影响通常出现在长时间的降雨不足之后。根据气候预测,强调水资源短缺将是未来最重要的问题之一。由于日益严重的干旱问题的重要性,对波兰这一现象的分析是在农业的背景下进行的。本研究的目的是基于Selyaninov系数(HTC)评估波兰2001-2020年植被期的干旱过程。如本研究所示,该国以可耕地为主的西部和中部地区特别容易受到干旱的影响。由于HTC归类为干旱的周期的周期性,可以得出结论,波兰作物降水不足的问题可能会变得更糟。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of artificial intelligence models for daily prediction of reference evapotranspiration using temperature, rainfall and relative humidity in a warm sub-humid environment 基于温度、降雨和相对湿度的人工智能模型在温暖亚湿润环境下每日参考蒸散量预测的评价
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1373
Victor H. Quej, Crescencio de la Cruz Castillo, J. Almorox, B. Rivera-Hernández
Accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration is essential for agricultural management and water resources engineering applications. In the present study, the ability and precision of three artificial intelligence (AI) models (i.e., Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost)) were assessed for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration (ET0) using limited weather data from five locations in a warm sub-humid climate in Mexico. The Penman–Monteith FAO-56 equation was used as a reference target for ET0 values. Three different input combinations were investigated, namely: temperature-based (minimum and maximum air temperature), rainfall-based (minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature and rainfall), and relative humidity-based (minimum air temperature, maximum air temperature and relative humidity). Extraterrestrial radiation values were used in all combinations. The temperature-based AI models were compared with the conventional Hargreaves–Samani (HS) model commonly used to estimate ET0 when only temperature records are available. The goodness of fit for all models was assessed in terms of the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). The results showed that among the AI models evaluated, the SVM models outperformed ANFIS and CatBoost for modeling ET0. Further, the influence of relative humidity and rainfall on the performance of the models was investigated. The analysis indicated that relative humidity significantly improved the accuracy of the models. Finally, the results showed a better response of the temperature-based AI models over the HS method. AI models can be an adequate alternative to conventional models for ET0 modeling.
准确估算参考蒸散量对农业管理和水资源工程应用具有重要意义。在本研究中,利用墨西哥温暖亚湿润气候的五个地点的有限天气数据,评估了三种人工智能(AI)模型(即支持向量机(svm)、自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)和分类增强(CatBoost))估算每日参考蒸散(ET0)的能力和精度。Penman-Monteith FAO-56方程被用作ET0值的参考指标。研究了三种不同的输入组合,即基于温度(最低气温和最高气温)、基于降雨量(最低气温、最高气温和降雨量)和基于相对湿度(最低气温、最高气温和相对湿度)。在所有组合中都使用了地外辐射值。将基于温度的人工智能模型与传统的Hargreaves-Samani (HS)模型进行了比较,该模型通常用于在只有温度记录的情况下估计ET0。采用决定系数(R2)、Nash-Sutcliffe模型效率系数(NSE)、均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)评价各模型的拟合优度。结果表明,在评估的人工智能模型中,SVM模型对ET0的建模效果优于ANFIS和CatBoost。此外,还研究了相对湿度和降雨量对模型性能的影响。分析表明,相对湿度显著提高了模型的精度。结果表明,基于温度的人工智能模型的响应效果优于HS方法。人工智能模型可以替代传统的ET0模型。
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引用次数: 1
Technical and economic study of irrigation scheduling devices on corn water productivity in a semi-arid region 半干旱地区灌溉调度装置对玉米水分生产率的技术经济研究
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2022-07-19 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1513
M. A. Shahrokhnia, E. Zare
It is essential to consider water allocation control and on-farm irrigation scheduling to increase water productivity in agriculture. There are several devices used for irrigation scheduling, however the best device with the most priority is not identified yet. In the present study, the effect of using several irrigation scheduling devices on increasing water productivity in a corn field was investigated. The devices were classified technically and economically using analytic hierarchy process. The experimental farm was located in a semi-arid region in Iran, which was managed by a farmer and irrigated with drip irrigation system. Six techniques for irrigation scheduling were studied including Penman-Monteith model (T2), infrared thermometer (T3), soil moisture meter (T4), tensiometer (T5), and gypsum block (T6). The irrigation scheduling treatments were compared with the conventional treatment adopted by the farmer (T1). Economic analysis was performed. The ease of use of the devices was also evaluated. Results showed for the irrigation scheduling treatments of T3 to T6, applied irrigation water was reduced by 11 to 26% compared to T1. The corn yield in irrigation scheduling treatments was not reduced significantly compared to T1. As a result, water productivity increased by 35% from 2.0 to 2.7 kg/m3. The best irrigation scheduling device in terms of water productivity was gypsum block. In regard to affordability and ease of use by farmers, the Penman-Monteith model had more priority. Considering all assessment criteria, tensiometer (T5) was given the first priority. The infrared thermometer (T3) and Penman-Monteith model (T2) were identified as the next priorities.
要提高农业水分生产力,必须考虑水分分配控制和农田灌溉调度。有几种设备用于灌溉调度,但最优先级的最佳设备尚未确定。研究了不同灌溉调度方式对提高玉米田水分生产力的影响。采用层次分析法对设备进行了技术经济分类。该试验农场位于伊朗半干旱地区,由一名农民管理,采用滴灌系统灌溉。研究了Penman-Monteith模型(T2)、红外测温仪(T3)、土壤水分计(T4)、张力计(T5)和石膏块(T6)等6种灌溉调度技术。将灌溉调度处理与农户采用的常规处理(T1)进行比较。进行了经济分析。还对设备的易用性进行了评价。结果表明:T3 ~ T6灌溉调度处理的灌溉水用量较T1减少11% ~ 26%;与T1相比,灌溉调度处理的玉米产量没有显著降低。结果,水生产力从2.0 kg/m3提高到2.7 kg/m3,提高了35%。从水分生产力的角度来看,石膏块是最佳的灌溉调度装置。考虑到农民的可负担性和易用性,Penman-Monteith模型更受重视。综合所有评价标准,拉力仪(T5)被优先考虑。红外测温仪(T3)和Penman-Monteith模型(T2)被确定为下一步的重点。
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引用次数: 1
Response of yam varieties to soil moisture regime in Southwestern Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部不同品种对土壤水分状况的响应
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1324
A. Eruola
A field experiment was conducted on varietal response of white yam to moisture regime in Abeokuta. The experiment comprised three varieties of yam (Efuru, Ise-osi and Oniyere), three mulching options (grass, polythene and unmulched), and two planting dates (early and late). Treatments were replicated three times using RCBD lay-out. Model for selecting planting date involved relating potential evapotranspiration (PE) to precipitation (P) in the form of 0.1PE

PE, the physiological parameters and moisture agro-climatic indices measured during phenological stages of yam grown were analyzed with respect to treatments. Result showed that T1 defined as Σ(P-0.1PE) ≤ 10 mm appeared as the best model that significantly (P < 0.05) influenced emergence rate, phenological growth and tuber yield. All yam varieties evaluated were suitable for planting with respect to yield. Efuru and Ise-osi synchronized perfectly with Actual Water Availability and produced good vegetative growth with LAI of 1.08 and 0.91 leading to higher tuber yield of 12 and 11.64 tonnes ha-1, respectively. Grass mulch had tuber yield, 4-6 tonnes ha-1greater than the polythene and unmulched plots in all varieties. Mulching significantly (P< 0.05) increased tuber yield, 6-8 tonnes ha-1than the unmulched. Conclusively, early planting with grass mulch increased tuber yield.

在Abeokuta进行了白薯品种对水分状况的田间试验。试验包括三个品种的yam(Efuru、Ise-osi和Oniyere)、三种覆盖选择(草、聚乙烯和未覆盖)和两种种植日期(早和晚)。使用RCBD布局重复处理三次。选择种植日期的模型包括将潜在蒸散量(PE)与降水量(P)以0.1PE PE PE的形式联系起来,分析了在不同处理下生长的甘薯的生理参数和水分农业气候指标。结果表明,T1定义为∑(P-0.1PE)≤10mm是影响出苗率、根系生长和块茎产量的最佳模型(P<0.05)。就产量而言,评估的所有山药品种都适合种植。Efuru和Ise-osi与实际水分利用率完全同步,并产生良好的营养生长,LAI分别为1.08和0.91,从而使块茎产量分别提高12和11.64吨ha-1。在所有品种中,草覆盖的块茎产量比聚乙烯和未覆盖的地块高4-6吨ha-1。覆盖显著提高块茎产量(P<0.05),比未覆盖增加6-8吨ha-1。总之,早播覆盖草提高了块茎产量。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of deficit irrigation impact on agronomic parameters and water use efficiency of six chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) cultivars under Mediterranean semi-arid climate 地中海半干旱气候下亏水灌溉对6个鹰嘴豆品种农艺参数和水分利用效率的影响
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-1261
B. Douh, A. Mguidiche, Massoud Jar Allah al-Marri, M. Moussa, Hichem Rjeb
Six kabuli chickpea genotypes (Cicer Arietinum L.) were evaluated under three water levelss at the open field during February -June 2018. This study was conducted to evaluate the chickpea water stress, on soil water dynamic, agromorphological traits, and water use efficiency to estimate variability levels between varieties and to identify the varieties of chickpea adaptable on semi-arid bioclimatic stage. For this purpose, a trial was conducted at the Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott Mariem (Tunisia). There is no effect of the treatment on the height, biological yield, and branching number. The seeds weigh, PCG, seed yield, harvest index, and water use efficiency relative to seed have the highest value in T1 (100% of ETc) when water use efficiency relative to biological yield, number of pods and of seeds recorded the highest values in T3 (50% of ETc). Univariate analysis showed highly significant differences between genotypes for many traits. Principal Component Analysis was performed for all traits and allowed to define two axes. The first one explains 49.30% of the variability of the total trait and was formed by genotypes ‘Beja’, ‘Nayer’ and’ ‘Rebha’. Genotypes forming this axe are closely related to each other according to their common morphological characters like height (r=0.88), biological yield (r=0.93), bringing the number (r=0.53), seed yield (r=0.81), WUE relative to seed (r=0.75), harvest index (r=0.65) and WUE relative to biological yield (r=0.94). The second clustered genotypes ‘Bochra’ and ‘Nour’. This second axe (27.99%) is represented by pods number (r=0.87), seed number (r=0.87) and PCG (r=0.78).
2018年2月至6月,在开阔地的三个水位下对六种卡布力鹰嘴豆基因型(Cicer Arietinum L.)进行了评估。本研究旨在评估鹰嘴豆的水分胁迫、土壤水分动态、农业形态特征和水分利用效率,以估计品种之间的变异水平,并确定适合半干旱生物气候阶段的鹰嘴豆品种。为此,在Chott Mariem高等农业研究所(突尼斯)进行了一项试验。处理对高度、生物产量和分枝数没有影响。种子重量、PCG、种子产量、收获指数和相对于种子的水分利用效率在T1中具有最高值(ETc的100%),而水分利用效率相对于生物产量、荚数和种子数在T3中记录最高值(ETc的50%)。单变量分析显示,许多性状的基因型之间存在高度显著差异。对所有性状进行主成分分析,并允许定义两个轴。第一个解释了49.30%的总性状变异,由基因型“Beja”、“Nayer”和“Rebha”形成。形成该斧的基因型根据其共同的形态特征(如高度(r=0.88)、生物产量(r=0.93)、带数(r=0.53)、种子产量(r=0.81)、WUE相对于种子(r=0.75)、收获指数(r=0.65)和WUE相对于生物产量(r=0.94))而密切相关。第二轴(27.99%)由荚数(r=0.87)、种子数(r=0.77)和PCG(r=0.78)表示。
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引用次数: 1
Efficacy of benzyladenine for compensating the reduction in soybean productivity under low water supply 苄基腺嘌呤补偿低供水条件下大豆产量下降的效果
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.36253/ijam-872
H. Saudy, I. El-Metwally, M. Abdelhamid
Undoubtedly, drought is a negative consequence of climate change. Farmers have to deal with this issue and may be forced to irrigate their crops with less water than required, however reduction in productivity is anticipated. Thus, two–year field trials were conducted to assess the impact of irrigation regimes (60, 80 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration, denoted ET60, ET80, and ET100, respectively) and benzyladenine rates (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L−1, symbolized as BA0, BA50, BA100, BA150, BA200, respectively) on soybean. Findings clarified that the maximum increases in plant height and net assimilation rate were obtained with the interactions of ET100 or ET80 x BA200 or BA150 in both seasons. ET80 x BA200 (in both seasons) and ET100 x BA150 (in the first season) were as similar as ET100 x BA200 for enhancing pods number plant−1. Irrigation water use efficiency progressively increased with decreasing irrigation water amount and increasing benzyladenine rate. In conclusion, the reduction in seed yield due to lowering water supply up to 80% of crop evapotranspiration (with saving 20% of irrigation water) could be compensated using benzyladenine, 150 mg L−1, thus it should be involved in soybean irrigation programs.
毫无疑问,干旱是气候变化的负面后果。农民必须解决这个问题,可能被迫用比所需更少的水灌溉作物,但预计生产力会下降。因此,进行了两年的田间试验,以评估灌溉制度(作物蒸发蒸腾量的60%、80%和100%,分别表示为ET60、ET80和ET100)和苄基腺嘌呤率(0、50、100、150和200 mg L−1,分别象征为BA0、BA50、BA100、BA150和BA200)对大豆的影响。研究结果表明,在两个季节,ET100或ET80×BA200或BA150的相互作用使株高和净同化率增加最大。ET80 x BA200(在两个季节)和ET100 x BA150(在第一个季节)在提高荚数植物−1方面与ET100 x BA 200相似。灌溉用水效率随着灌溉水量的减少和苄基腺嘌呤用量的增加而逐渐提高。总之,150 mg L−1的苄基腺嘌呤可以补偿因供水量减少而导致的种子产量下降,最高可减少作物蒸发蒸腾量的80%(节省灌溉用水的20%),因此应将其纳入大豆灌溉计划。
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引用次数: 27
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Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia
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