R. Ferrara, P. Campi, Gabriele De Carolis, L. Gaeta, Mariagrazia Piarulli, S. Ruggieri, G. Rana
The climate change requires thrifty use of water resources in agriculture since irrigation is became common also for those crops like olive orchard that were traditionally grown in rainfed conditions. The water requirement is imperative in semi-arid conditions of the Mediterranean basin especially if the olive orchards are cultivated in super high density. For a correct irrigation scheduling, methods to measure transpiration (Tr) at plant level are used. Among the most spread methods to determine Tr, the thermal dissipation method (TDM) has been applied on a hedgerow olive orchard considering: (i) species-specific local calibration, (ii) wound effects, (iii) azimuth correction, and (iv) radial gradient corrections. The performances of the corrected TDM method have been evaluated with respect an independent method, the water balance at weekly scale. If any correction nor specific calibration is carried out, the underestimation of the actual transpiration calculated by TDM was of about -18% with respect to the water balance method.
{"title":"Transpiration by sap flow Thermal Dissipation Method: applicability to a hedgerow olive orchard","authors":"R. Ferrara, P. Campi, Gabriele De Carolis, L. Gaeta, Mariagrazia Piarulli, S. Ruggieri, G. Rana","doi":"10.36253/ijam-1919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-1919","url":null,"abstract":"The climate change requires thrifty use of water resources in agriculture since irrigation is became common also for those crops like olive orchard that were traditionally grown in rainfed conditions. The water requirement is imperative in semi-arid conditions of the Mediterranean basin especially if the olive orchards are cultivated in super high density. For a correct irrigation scheduling, methods to measure transpiration (Tr) at plant level are used. Among the most spread methods to determine Tr, the thermal dissipation method (TDM) has been applied on a hedgerow olive orchard considering: (i) species-specific local calibration, (ii) wound effects, (iii) azimuth correction, and (iv) radial gradient corrections. The performances of the corrected TDM method have been evaluated with respect an independent method, the water balance at weekly scale. If any correction nor specific calibration is carried out, the underestimation of the actual transpiration calculated by TDM was of about -18% with respect to the water balance method.","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44270851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Pescatore, Daniele Vergari, Simone Orlandini, Marco Napoli
The importance of effective stormwater management through detention basin arrangement has become increasingly evident due to recurring extreme events in recent years. Limitations of the traditional detention basin include a reduced ability of basins to infiltrate water due to compacted soil and the carbon cost associated with the Diesel-powered tractors with lawn shredders. This study aims to compare six different agronomical management approaches for detention basins to improve the water storage capacity and the carbon sequestration potential, including the cultivation of crimson clover, white clover, tillage radish, and two mono-dicotyledonous mixes, against the conventional stable lawn-based approach. The trial was conducted in the detention basin in Castelletti (Firenze, Italy) for one growing season (2020/2021) according to a randomized complete block design with 9 replicates. Soil physical and chemical properties, as well as soil water storage capacity, were assessed to determine the feasibility of agronomical management for detention basins. Results indicated that the different treatments significantly influenced aboveground biomass production, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, carbon sequestration potential, and water storage capacity. Specifically, crimson clover exhibited the highest aboveground biomass of around 6 t ha-1 among the treatments, while tillage radish demonstrated the greatest carbon sequestration potential (4.58 t CO2 ha-1), stable carbon stock in soil (1.14 t S-SOC ha-1), as well as the highest potential for improving the water storage volume (389 m3 ha-1) in the topsoil (0-20 cm) of the detention basin. The findings suggested also that the sowing of different mono-dicotyledonous plant mix were poorly effective in improving carbon sequestration potential and water storage volume compared to conventional basin management. To sum up, this experiment has demonstrated that alternative agronomical management practices can enhance the capacity of detention basins to store carbon and stormwater. These results provide valuable insights for improving the sustainability and functionality of detention basins.
近年来，由于极端天气事件的不断发生，通过蓄洪区安排进行有效雨水管理的重要性日益凸显。传统截留池的局限性包括:由于土壤压实，截留池渗透水的能力降低，以及与带有草坪碎纸机的柴油动力拖拉机相关的碳成本。本研究旨在比较六种不同的滞留盆地农学管理方法，包括种植深红色三叶草、白三叶草、耕作萝卜和两种单双子叶植物混合，以提高储水能力和固碳潜力，与传统的以稳定草坪为基础的方法进行比较。试验在Castelletti(意大利佛罗伦萨)的滞留盆地进行，为期一个生长季节(2020/2021)，采用随机完全区组设计，共有9个重复。评估了土壤的物理和化学性质以及土壤储水能力，以确定对滞留盆地进行农艺管理的可行性。结果表明，不同处理对地上生物量、土壤有机碳储量、固碳潜力和储水能力均有显著影响。其中，深红三叶草的地上生物量最高，约为6 t ha-1，而耕作萝卜具有最大的固碳潜力(4.58 t CO2 -1)，土壤稳定碳储量(1.14 t S-SOC ha-1)，并具有最大的提高蓄水容量(389 m3 ha-1)的潜力(0-20 cm)。研究结果还表明，与传统的流域管理相比，不同单双子叶植物组合播种在提高固碳潜力和储水量方面效果较差。综上所述，本试验表明，替代的农艺管理措施可以提高滞流流域储存碳和雨水的能力。这些结果为提高滞留盆地的可持续性和功能性提供了有价值的见解。
{"title":"Agronomical management of detention basin","authors":"Antonio Pescatore, Daniele Vergari, Simone Orlandini, Marco Napoli","doi":"10.36253/ijam-2239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-2239","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of effective stormwater management through detention basin arrangement has become increasingly evident due to recurring extreme events in recent years. Limitations of the traditional detention basin include a reduced ability of basins to infiltrate water due to compacted soil and the carbon cost associated with the Diesel-powered tractors with lawn shredders. This study aims to compare six different agronomical management approaches for detention basins to improve the water storage capacity and the carbon sequestration potential, including the cultivation of crimson clover, white clover, tillage radish, and two mono-dicotyledonous mixes, against the conventional stable lawn-based approach. The trial was conducted in the detention basin in Castelletti (Firenze, Italy) for one growing season (2020/2021) according to a randomized complete block design with 9 replicates. Soil physical and chemical properties, as well as soil water storage capacity, were assessed to determine the feasibility of agronomical management for detention basins. Results indicated that the different treatments significantly influenced aboveground biomass production, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, carbon sequestration potential, and water storage capacity. Specifically, crimson clover exhibited the highest aboveground biomass of around 6 t ha-1 among the treatments, while tillage radish demonstrated the greatest carbon sequestration potential (4.58 t CO2 ha-1), stable carbon stock in soil (1.14 t S-SOC ha-1), as well as the highest potential for improving the water storage volume (389 m3 ha-1) in the topsoil (0-20 cm) of the detention basin. The findings suggested also that the sowing of different mono-dicotyledonous plant mix were poorly effective in improving carbon sequestration potential and water storage volume compared to conventional basin management. To sum up, this experiment has demonstrated that alternative agronomical management practices can enhance the capacity of detention basins to store carbon and stormwater. These results provide valuable insights for improving the sustainability and functionality of detention basins.","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":"11 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to estimate the daily global solar radiation (Rs) in Mediterranean-type greenhouses. Five different temperature-based Rs estimation models developed for open-field conditions were calibrated and validated in Mediterranean-type greenhouses in Almeria, Spain and Antalya, Türkiye, between August 26, 2013, and January 1, 2023, and between October 1, 2018, and 1 January 2023, respectively. Whitening applications were categorized according to greenhouse light transmissivity and classified as follows: without whitening or light-whitening, medium-whitening, and severe-whitening. Additionally, the best-performing model were compared with greenhouse plastic light transmissivity method. The estimation performance of the models was evaluated using the statistical indicators of the p-value of the slope, determination coefficient (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), relative error (RE), and Willmott Index (d). Compared with the other models, the Bristow and Campbell model showed a slightly higher performance in all whitening applications. Although the light transmissivity coefficient method performed slightly better than the temperature-based Rs estimation model, there was no statistical difference in the performances of the estimation models. Temperature-based estimation models offer a highly viable alternative for individuals who rely on the light transmittance approach to estimate Rs in greenhouses. This method can prove particularly useful in areas where measuring Rs outside the greenhouse is not possible or where partial time measurements cannot be taken owing to equipment malfunctions. All calibrated models can be used to estimate solar radiation using temperature data from various Mediterranean countries with similar climates and greenhouse cultivation.
{"title":"Estimation of daily global solar radiation based on different whitening applications using temperature in Mediterranean type greenhouses","authors":"Cihan Karaca","doi":"10.36253/ijam-2144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-2144","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to estimate the daily global solar radiation (Rs) in Mediterranean-type greenhouses. Five different temperature-based Rs estimation models developed for open-field conditions were calibrated and validated in Mediterranean-type greenhouses in Almeria, Spain and Antalya, Türkiye, between August 26, 2013, and January 1, 2023, and between October 1, 2018, and 1 January 2023, respectively. Whitening applications were categorized according to greenhouse light transmissivity and classified as follows: without whitening or light-whitening, medium-whitening, and severe-whitening. Additionally, the best-performing model were compared with greenhouse plastic light transmissivity method. The estimation performance of the models was evaluated using the statistical indicators of the p-value of the slope, determination coefficient (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), relative error (RE), and Willmott Index (d). Compared with the other models, the Bristow and Campbell model showed a slightly higher performance in all whitening applications. Although the light transmissivity coefficient method performed slightly better than the temperature-based Rs estimation model, there was no statistical difference in the performances of the estimation models. Temperature-based estimation models offer a highly viable alternative for individuals who rely on the light transmittance approach to estimate Rs in greenhouses. This method can prove particularly useful in areas where measuring Rs outside the greenhouse is not possible or where partial time measurements cannot be taken owing to equipment malfunctions. All calibrated models can be used to estimate solar radiation using temperature data from various Mediterranean countries with similar climates and greenhouse cultivation.","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47418846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
WilfredoB. Jr. Barrera, R. Ferrise, A. dalla Marta
Estimating crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is crucial for ensuring sustainable and efficient agricultural water management. Although this subject has garnered significant attention from the global scientific community, a comprehensive study encompassing the diversity, trends, and dynamics of research themes is currently lacking. To address this knowledge gap, this review employed a combined bibliometric and thematic approach to analyze bibliographic data from 1872 documents retrieved from the Web of Science™ core collection, spanning the period 1987–2022. The main findings of this review are as follows: (1) the scientific landscape is predominantly shaped by institutions from the USA and China; (2) the journal Agricultural Water Management emerged as the most prolific, with the highest number of publications and total citations; (3) a broad range of topics within ETc research were identified, with a notable emphasis on remote sensing-related subjects; (4) strategic coordination mapping revealed that ETc and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) remains an underdeveloped area of study; (5) climate change and machine learning emerged as key topics of significant scientific concern. The results suggest a need for enhanced institutional collaborations and expanded research investigations, particularly in regions grappling with agricultural water scarcity. Furthermore, research investigations should focus on ETc and ETo to fill existing knowledge gaps and advance both theoretical understanding and practical applications. Future studies should aim to contribute to the understanding of the impacts of climate change on ETc by leveraging machine learning techniques and enhancing our understanding of crop water requirements and their application in irrigation management, while also ensuring continuous updates to the existing body of knowledge to meet future challenges.
估算作物蒸散量对于确保可持续和高效的农业用水管理至关重要。尽管这一主题已经引起了全球科学界的极大关注，但目前还缺乏一项涵盖研究主题多样性、趋势和动态的综合研究。为了解决这一知识差距，本综述采用文献计量学和专题分析相结合的方法，分析了从Web of Science™核心馆藏检索的1872篇文献的书目数据，时间跨度为1987-2022年。本综述的主要发现如下:(1)科学格局主要由美国和中国的机构塑造;(2)《农业水资源管理》期刊发表论文最多，总被引次数最多;(3)在ETc研究中确定了广泛的主题，特别是与遥感相关的主题;(4)战略协调图显示ETc与参考蒸散量(ETo)的研究仍是一个欠发达的领域;(5)气候变化和机器学习成为重要科学关注的关键话题。这些结果表明，需要加强机构合作和扩大研究调查，特别是在努力解决农业缺水问题的地区。此外，研究调查应集中在电子商务和电子商务领域，以填补现有的知识空白，促进理论认识和实际应用。未来的研究应旨在通过利用机器学习技术，提高我们对作物需水量及其在灌溉管理中的应用的理解，同时确保不断更新现有知识体系，以应对未来的挑战，从而有助于理解气候变化对ETc的影响。
{"title":"Understanding trends and gaps in global research of crop evapotranspiration: a bibliometric and thematic review","authors":"WilfredoB. Jr. Barrera, R. Ferrise, A. dalla Marta","doi":"10.36253/ijam-2175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-2175","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is crucial for ensuring sustainable and efficient agricultural water management. Although this subject has garnered significant attention from the global scientific community, a comprehensive study encompassing the diversity, trends, and dynamics of research themes is currently lacking. To address this knowledge gap, this review employed a combined bibliometric and thematic approach to analyze bibliographic data from 1872 documents retrieved from the Web of Science™ core collection, spanning the period 1987–2022. The main findings of this review are as follows: (1) the scientific landscape is predominantly shaped by institutions from the USA and China; (2) the journal Agricultural Water Management emerged as the most prolific, with the highest number of publications and total citations; (3) a broad range of topics within ETc research were identified, with a notable emphasis on remote sensing-related subjects; (4) strategic coordination mapping revealed that ETc and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) remains an underdeveloped area of study; (5) climate change and machine learning emerged as key topics of significant scientific concern. The results suggest a need for enhanced institutional collaborations and expanded research investigations, particularly in regions grappling with agricultural water scarcity. Furthermore, research investigations should focus on ETc and ETo to fill existing knowledge gaps and advance both theoretical understanding and practical applications. Future studies should aim to contribute to the understanding of the impacts of climate change on ETc by leveraging machine learning techniques and enhancing our understanding of crop water requirements and their application in irrigation management, while also ensuring continuous updates to the existing body of knowledge to meet future challenges.","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44046984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sugar beet is mostly cultivated in relatively cool regions of the temperate zones by sowing in spring, but in some Mediterranean areas with mild winters, the crop is sown in autumn. Due to global warming, autumn cultivation of sugar beet is gradually extending towards new areas that are still characterized by relatively cold winters. Seedling loss and bolting are two factors limiting the adoption of autumn sugar beet cultivation in new areas. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of sowing date on (i) duration and rate of field emergence, (ii) phenological stages of sugar beet during early growth, (iii) quantitative traits of seedlings and (iv) bolting occurrence as well as frost killing of autumn-sown sugar beet. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design to determine the appropriate sowing date for autumn-sown sugar beet in 2017/18 and 2018/19 in the Karaj and Mashhad regions of Iran, which are both characterized by relatively cold winters. The experiment was conducted with a bolting-resistant cultivar and six sowing date treatments. The results showed that to reach plant growth stages of cotyledon, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 leaves, 163, 200, 321, 418, 500, 600, 639, 700 and 757 growing degree days (GDD), respectively, were required. The average duration and speed of seedling emergence increased and decreased, respectively, with delay in sowing. The results suggest adjusting the sowing date of winter sugar beet so that when temperatures effective for bolting (6-8 °C) occur, the plant has already received about 300 to 400 GDD. At this time, the growth stage and the largest root diameter of sugar beet are approximately 4-6 leaves and 0.11-0.27 cm, respectively. After 14- to 16-leaf stage (≥700-750 GDD), the percentage of killed plants due to low temperatures were negligible. Although, the risk for frost losses is higher at 4- to 6-leaf stage (300-400 GDD), accepting higher losses is justified by a lower probability of bolting.
{"title":"Effects of sowing date on bolting and frost damage to autumn-sown sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in temperate regions","authors":"R. Mohammadian, J. Rezaei, Valyollah Yosefabadi","doi":"10.36253/ijam-1862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-1862","url":null,"abstract":"Sugar beet is mostly cultivated in relatively cool regions of the temperate zones by sowing in spring, but in some Mediterranean areas with mild winters, the crop is sown in autumn. Due to global warming, autumn cultivation of sugar beet is gradually extending towards new areas that are still characterized by relatively cold winters. Seedling loss and bolting are two factors limiting the adoption of autumn sugar beet cultivation in new areas. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of sowing date on (i) duration and rate of field emergence, (ii) phenological stages of sugar beet during early growth, (iii) quantitative traits of seedlings and (iv) bolting occurrence as well as frost killing of autumn-sown sugar beet. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design to determine the appropriate sowing date for autumn-sown sugar beet in 2017/18 and 2018/19 in the Karaj and Mashhad regions of Iran, which are both characterized by relatively cold winters. The experiment was conducted with a bolting-resistant cultivar and six sowing date treatments. The results showed that to reach plant growth stages of cotyledon, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 leaves, 163, 200, 321, 418, 500, 600, 639, 700 and 757 growing degree days (GDD), respectively, were required. The average duration and speed of seedling emergence increased and decreased, respectively, with delay in sowing. The results suggest adjusting the sowing date of winter sugar beet so that when temperatures effective for bolting (6-8 °C) occur, the plant has already received about 300 to 400 GDD. At this time, the growth stage and the largest root diameter of sugar beet are approximately 4-6 leaves and 0.11-0.27 cm, respectively. After 14- to 16-leaf stage (≥700-750 GDD), the percentage of killed plants due to low temperatures were negligible. Although, the risk for frost losses is higher at 4- to 6-leaf stage (300-400 GDD), accepting higher losses is justified by a lower probability of bolting.","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49664610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Chieco, L. Morrone, M. Magli, Alberto Gelmetti, S. Pedò, T. Román, M. Stefanini, Federica Rossi, Gian Antonio Battistel, E. Eccel
This study reports the results of a survey disseminated to Italian winegrowers and wine makers to understand their attitude toward the main climate risk factors on grape and wine productions and their willingness to proactively act in facing the related consequences. A general noticeable concern about the future effects of climate change and variability emerged, even with some differences between stakeholders operating in different geographic and climatic areas. Current signals of adaptation mostly emerged at technological level, but they also included the varietal choice, with evidence to a switch from traditional varieties to others showing better pest and drought tolerance. In addition, some climate-smart cultural practices are considered ranging from water-saving irrigation methods to sustainable energy management.
{"title":"Italian winegrowers’ and wine makers’ attitudes toward climate hazards and their strategy of adaptation to the change","authors":"C. Chieco, L. Morrone, M. Magli, Alberto Gelmetti, S. Pedò, T. Román, M. Stefanini, Federica Rossi, Gian Antonio Battistel, E. Eccel","doi":"10.36253/ijam-1874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-1874","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports the results of a survey disseminated to Italian winegrowers and wine makers to understand their attitude toward the main climate risk factors on grape and wine productions and their willingness to proactively act in facing the related consequences. A general noticeable concern about the future effects of climate change and variability emerged, even with some differences between stakeholders operating in different geographic and climatic areas. Current signals of adaptation mostly emerged at technological level, but they also included the varietal choice, with evidence to a switch from traditional varieties to others showing better pest and drought tolerance. In addition, some climate-smart cultural practices are considered ranging from water-saving irrigation methods to sustainable energy management. ","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41339532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Kittas, W. Baudoin, Evangelini Κιττα, N. Katsoulas
Over the last decade, the total population of the sub-Saharan region of Africa has been increasing rapidly at a rate of more than 3% annually, with urbanization expected to be approximately 40% of the total population by 2050. Parallel growth has not been achieved in the agricultural sector in West Africa, with vegetable production and consumption being amongst the lowest in the world. This has aggravated the already food insecurity and malnutrition situation in the region. In this context, and within the framework of their agricultural development policies, 10 countries of West Africa (Burkina Faso; Cabo Verde; Côte d’Ivoire; Guinée; Guinée Bissau; Mali; Mauritanie; Niger; Sénégal; Chad), established the “African Network for Horticultural Development “RADHORT” (Réseau Africain pour le Développement de l’Horticulture), in order to cooperate for the diversification and intensification of horticulture in the region. The countries of RADHORT cover different climate zones ranging from the arid climate (desert), to the Sahelian zone (semi-arid), to the dry tropical zone (with long dry season and short rainy season), and to the wet tropical zone (humid zone with bimodal rainfall). Temperatures and global radiation are very suitable for vegetable production in tropical countries throughout the year, but open air cultivation can be severely hampered by high temperatures, winds, heavy rainfall, while being exposed to pest and disease infestation. Sheltered cultivation will help to moderate negative effects of climate factors on the crop, improve water productivity and the efficiency of eco-friendly pest and disease management. The paper analyses and discusses different technical options of sheltered cultivation to be tested in RADHORT countries, as a means to enhance horticulture crops productivity and quality for meeting the growing demand of an expanding rural and urban population.
{"title":"Shertered horticulure adapted to different climate zones in Radhort Countries","authors":"C. Kittas, W. Baudoin, Evangelini Κιττα, N. Katsoulas","doi":"10.36253/ijam-1655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-1655","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, the total population of the sub-Saharan region of Africa has been increasing rapidly at a rate of more than 3% annually, with urbanization expected to be approximately 40% of the total population by 2050. Parallel growth has not been achieved in the agricultural sector in West Africa, with vegetable production and consumption being amongst the lowest in the world. This has aggravated the already food insecurity and malnutrition situation in the region. In this context, and within the framework of their agricultural development policies, 10 countries of West Africa (Burkina Faso; Cabo Verde; Côte d’Ivoire; Guinée; Guinée Bissau; Mali; Mauritanie; Niger; Sénégal; Chad), established the “African Network for Horticultural Development “RADHORT” (Réseau Africain pour le Développement de l’Horticulture), in order to cooperate for the diversification and intensification of horticulture in the region. The countries of RADHORT cover different climate zones ranging from the arid climate (desert), to the Sahelian zone (semi-arid), to the dry tropical zone (with long dry season and short rainy season), and to the wet tropical zone (humid zone with bimodal rainfall). Temperatures and global radiation are very suitable for vegetable production in tropical countries throughout the year, but open air cultivation can be severely hampered by high temperatures, winds, heavy rainfall, while being exposed to pest and disease infestation. Sheltered cultivation will help to moderate negative effects of climate factors on the crop, improve water productivity and the efficiency of eco-friendly pest and disease management. The paper analyses and discusses different technical options of sheltered cultivation to be tested in RADHORT countries, as a means to enhance horticulture crops productivity and quality for meeting the growing demand of an expanding rural and urban population.","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":"11 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41249408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elevated thermal condition caused by global warming is a threat to major crops grown in India as well as other Asian and tropical countries, as it negatively affects the crop phenology, growth, dry-matter production and yield. The present research work aims to assess the impact of elevated temperature on rice production using three crop growth simulation models, namely, DSSAT, WOFOST and InfoCrop. Field experimental data-set of rice for seven years was used for model calibration and validation. After validation, three models were used to predict the yield under 1, 2 and30C rise over normal maximum and minimum temperature. The models were also used to assess the thermal impact on leaf area indices (LAI) and crop duration. It was observed that the crop duration was shortened by almost 10 days for 30C enhancement over normal and the LAI was also reduced considerably. The wet-season rice yield may be reduced by 8.7% for 10C, 12.5% for20C and 21.1% for 30C increase of normal temperature. Use of combination of more than one crop models can predict the climate change impact on rice production more reliably.
{"title":"Simulating the impact of elevated thermal condition on wet-season rice grown in Eastern India by different crop growth models","authors":"S. Banerjee, R. Biswas, A. Mukherjee, A. Sattar","doi":"10.36253/ijam-758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-758","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated thermal condition caused by global warming is a threat to major crops grown in India as well as other Asian and tropical countries, as it negatively affects the crop phenology, growth, dry-matter production and yield. The present research work aims to assess the impact of elevated temperature on rice production using three crop growth simulation models, namely, DSSAT, WOFOST and InfoCrop. Field experimental data-set of rice for seven years was used for model calibration and validation. After validation, three models were used to predict the yield under 1, 2 and30C rise over normal maximum and minimum temperature. The models were also used to assess the thermal impact on leaf area indices (LAI) and crop duration. It was observed that the crop duration was shortened by almost 10 days for 30C enhancement over normal and the LAI was also reduced considerably. The wet-season rice yield may be reduced by 8.7% for 10C, 12.5% for20C and 21.1% for 30C increase of normal temperature. Use of combination of more than one crop models can predict the climate change impact on rice production more reliably.","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44882668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evapotranspiration is a key process and a necessary parameter for hydrological, meteorological, and agricultural studies. However, the calculation of actual evapotranspiration is very challenging and costly. Therefore, reference evapotranspiration (ET0) calculated using meteorological data is generally preferred over actual evapotranspiration. However, it is challenging to get complete and accurate data from meteorology stations in rural and mountainous regions. This study examined the suitability of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) reanalysis data set as an alternative to meteorological observation stations to compute seasonal reference evapotranspiration for seven different climatic regions of Turkey. The ET0 calculations using the CFSR reanalysis dataset for 1987-2017 were compared to data at 259 weather stations observed in Turkey. As a result of statistical evaluations, it has been determined that the most successful predicted season is winter (C’ = 0.64-0.89, SPAEF= 0.63-0.81). The most successful estimations for this season were obtained from coastal areas with low elevations. The weakest estimations were obtained for the summer season (C’ = 0.52-0.85, SPAEF= 0.59-0.77). These results show that the ET0 estimation ability of the CFSR reanalysis dataset is satisfactory for the study area. In addition, it has been observed that CFSR tends to overestimate the observation data, especially in the southern and western regions. These findings indicate that the results of the ET0 calculation using the CFSR reanalysis data set are relatively successful for the study area. However, the data should be evaluated with observation data before being used, especially in the summer models.
{"title":"Evaluation of the performance of CFSR reanalysis data set for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in Turkey","authors":"A. Irvem, Mustafa Ozbuldu","doi":"10.36253/ijam-1325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-1325","url":null,"abstract":"Evapotranspiration is a key process and a necessary parameter for hydrological, meteorological, and agricultural studies. However, the calculation of actual evapotranspiration is very challenging and costly. Therefore, reference evapotranspiration (ET0) calculated using meteorological data is generally preferred over actual evapotranspiration. However, it is challenging to get complete and accurate data from meteorology stations in rural and mountainous regions. This study examined the suitability of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) reanalysis data set as an alternative to meteorological observation stations to compute seasonal reference evapotranspiration for seven different climatic regions of Turkey. The ET0 calculations using the CFSR reanalysis dataset for 1987-2017 were compared to data at 259 weather stations observed in Turkey. As a result of statistical evaluations, it has been determined that the most successful predicted season is winter (C’ = 0.64-0.89, SPAEF= 0.63-0.81). The most successful estimations for this season were obtained from coastal areas with low elevations. The weakest estimations were obtained for the summer season (C’ = 0.52-0.85, SPAEF= 0.59-0.77). These results show that the ET0 estimation ability of the CFSR reanalysis dataset is satisfactory for the study area. In addition, it has been observed that CFSR tends to overestimate the observation data, especially in the southern and western regions. These findings indicate that the results of the ET0 calculation using the CFSR reanalysis data set are relatively successful for the study area. However, the data should be evaluated with observation data before being used, especially in the summer models.","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44404829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. F. Daniel, R. Dallacort, J. D. Barbieri, M. Carvalho, P. S. L. Freitas, R. C. Tieppo, William Fenner
The aim of this study was to test two models and two sizes of microlysimeters to determine soil water evaporation as a function of the removal of water by drainage at the bottom of the units. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Soil water evaporation was determined using microlysimeters constructed from rigid PVC tubes, of which two models and two sizes were tested. The four microlysimeter treatments were: 100 mm diameter without drainage (ML100WD), 100 mm diameter with drainage (ML100D), 150 mm diameter without drainage (ML150WD), and 150 mm diameter with drainage (ML150D). The microlysimeters were fitted to an irrigation blade of 60 mm and compared to applications with four irrigation blade sizes (15, 30, 45, and 60 mm). Water evaporation from the soil was obtained from the mass variation of the microlysimeters, and was then compared to the soil water evaporation determined using weighing lysimeters. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, tests of means, and regression analysis. The soil water evaporation values present significant differences between the two microlysimeter sizes (100 and 150 mm diameter) and the two models (with and without water drainage). Soil water evaporation is affected by the water drainage that occurs at the bottom of the microlysimeters. There was no difference in soil water evaporation between irrigation rates within the same microlysimeter size and model. The two models and the two microlysimeter sizes tested can be used for the quantification of soil water evaporation, due to the high determination coefficients observed when compared to the evaporation observed with the weighing lysimeters.
本研究的目的是测试两种模型和两种尺寸的微溶渗仪，以确定土壤水分蒸发作为单元底部排水去除水分的函数。该试验是在巴西马托格罗索州tangar da Serra的马托格罗索州立大学(UNEMAT)实验田进行的。土壤水分蒸发采用硬质PVC管制成的微溶仪进行测定，测试了两种型号和两种尺寸的微溶仪。四种微渗计处理分别为:直径100 mm不排水(ML100WD)、直径100 mm有排水(ML100D)、直径150 mm不排水(ML150WD)和直径150 mm有排水(ML150D)。微溶计安装在60毫米的灌溉叶片上，并与四种灌溉叶片尺寸(15、30、45和60毫米)的应用进行了比较。土壤水分蒸发量由微溶渗仪的质量变化量得到，并与称重溶渗仪测定的土壤水分蒸发量进行比较。使用描述性统计技术、均值检验和回归分析对获得的数据进行分析。土壤水分蒸发值在两种微渗计尺寸(直径100和150 mm)和两种型号(排水和不排水)之间存在显著差异。土壤水分蒸发受微渗计底部排水的影响。在相同微渗计尺寸和模式下，不同灌溉速率对土壤水分蒸发无显著影响。这两种模型和所测试的两种微渗蒸计尺寸均可用于土壤水分蒸发的量化，因为与称重渗蒸计所观测到的蒸发量相比，其测定系数较高。
{"title":"Use of microlysimeters to determine soil water evaporation as a function of drainage","authors":"D. F. Daniel, R. Dallacort, J. D. Barbieri, M. Carvalho, P. S. L. Freitas, R. C. Tieppo, William Fenner","doi":"10.36253/ijam-1538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/ijam-1538","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to test two models and two sizes of microlysimeters to determine soil water evaporation as a function of the removal of water by drainage at the bottom of the units. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) in Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Soil water evaporation was determined using microlysimeters constructed from rigid PVC tubes, of which two models and two sizes were tested. The four microlysimeter treatments were: 100 mm diameter without drainage (ML100WD), 100 mm diameter with drainage (ML100D), 150 mm diameter without drainage (ML150WD), and 150 mm diameter with drainage (ML150D). The microlysimeters were fitted to an irrigation blade of 60 mm and compared to applications with four irrigation blade sizes (15, 30, 45, and 60 mm). Water evaporation from the soil was obtained from the mass variation of the microlysimeters, and was then compared to the soil water evaporation determined using weighing lysimeters. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques, tests of means, and regression analysis. The soil water evaporation values present significant differences between the two microlysimeter sizes (100 and 150 mm diameter) and the two models (with and without water drainage). Soil water evaporation is affected by the water drainage that occurs at the bottom of the microlysimeters. There was no difference in soil water evaporation between irrigation rates within the same microlysimeter size and model. The two models and the two microlysimeter sizes tested can be used for the quantification of soil water evaporation, due to the high determination coefficients observed when compared to the evaporation observed with the weighing lysimeters.","PeriodicalId":54371,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agrometeorology-Rivista Italiana Di Agrometeorologia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43545766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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