Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2022.2050715
D. Matulis
{"title":"Structural biology in drug discovery: methods, techniques, and practices","authors":"D. Matulis","doi":"10.1080/0889311x.2022.2050715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0889311x.2022.2050715","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54385,"journal":{"name":"Crystallography Reviews","volume":"28 1","pages":"65 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45391907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0889311X.2021.1978080
J. Helliwell
This short article reflects on how we teach a crystallography course and which is specifically linked to what is called the course book. An audience of undergraduates in practice presents different challenges to the teacher depending on whether they are physicists, chemists or biologists; these being the specific courses I have taught in the last 40 years or so and for which I, therefore, have extensive experience. Graduate courses are organized by our crystallographic societies and associations. Such courses might be tailored to a given subject, as with undergraduates, or more likely might be for a broad, across the subjects, set of students. I have also taught on and/or organized these. In a third category, as researchers, we are increasingly called upon to explain our research to broad audiences such as of the public, and/or of school children, and these cross sections of society do not necessarily have much science training, or if they have it is long forgotten. As educators, I am sure all of us wrestle with choosing the sequence that we teach our crystallography concepts in our courses. This all connects directly to how we as a community formally define ‘a crystal’.
{"title":"How should we teach crystallography? A review of teaching books’ contents pages","authors":"J. Helliwell","doi":"10.1080/0889311X.2021.1978080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0889311X.2021.1978080","url":null,"abstract":"This short article reflects on how we teach a crystallography course and which is specifically linked to what is called the course book. An audience of undergraduates in practice presents different challenges to the teacher depending on whether they are physicists, chemists or biologists; these being the specific courses I have taught in the last 40 years or so and for which I, therefore, have extensive experience. Graduate courses are organized by our crystallographic societies and associations. Such courses might be tailored to a given subject, as with undergraduates, or more likely might be for a broad, across the subjects, set of students. I have also taught on and/or organized these. In a third category, as researchers, we are increasingly called upon to explain our research to broad audiences such as of the public, and/or of school children, and these cross sections of society do not necessarily have much science training, or if they have it is long forgotten. As educators, I am sure all of us wrestle with choosing the sequence that we teach our crystallography concepts in our courses. This all connects directly to how we as a community formally define ‘a crystal’.","PeriodicalId":54385,"journal":{"name":"Crystallography Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"135 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45213298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0889311X.2021.2008379
F. Meyer‐Almes
{"title":"Carbonic anhydrase as drug target – thermodynamics and structure of inhibitor binding","authors":"F. Meyer‐Almes","doi":"10.1080/0889311X.2021.2008379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0889311X.2021.2008379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54385,"journal":{"name":"Crystallography Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"209 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41416249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0889311X.2021.2020262
S. Dhanya, J. Satapathy, Pavan Kumar
Bismuth Ferrites (BFO), a multiferroic nanomaterial that possesses antiferromagnetic ordering above room temperature, has been the focus of material researchers for quite some time. Because the scope of its practical uses are caught up by its low magnetization due to its G-type antiferromagnetic nature below Neel temperature. Such coexistence of magnetic behaviour along with its ferroelectric property, has drawn deeper interest into its structure. It has been observed that doping with different elements and at different sites or co-doping has a significant influence on structural modification. These structural changes give different magnetic properties enabling BFOs for suitable applications. Furthermore, the synthesis process and other intrinsic characteristics also have an influence on modifications observed in magnetic behaviour, as seen for various reported results. Therefore, a consolidation of some of the remarkable changes in magnetic properties resulting from the structural changes using dopants, doping types and synthesis methods BFOs so far is reviewed here and presented in brief.
{"title":"A review on the structural and magnetic properties of differently doped bismuth-ferrite multiferroics","authors":"S. Dhanya, J. Satapathy, Pavan Kumar","doi":"10.1080/0889311X.2021.2020262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0889311X.2021.2020262","url":null,"abstract":"Bismuth Ferrites (BFO), a multiferroic nanomaterial that possesses antiferromagnetic ordering above room temperature, has been the focus of material researchers for quite some time. Because the scope of its practical uses are caught up by its low magnetization due to its G-type antiferromagnetic nature below Neel temperature. Such coexistence of magnetic behaviour along with its ferroelectric property, has drawn deeper interest into its structure. It has been observed that doping with different elements and at different sites or co-doping has a significant influence on structural modification. These structural changes give different magnetic properties enabling BFOs for suitable applications. Furthermore, the synthesis process and other intrinsic characteristics also have an influence on modifications observed in magnetic behaviour, as seen for various reported results. Therefore, a consolidation of some of the remarkable changes in magnetic properties resulting from the structural changes using dopants, doping types and synthesis methods BFOs so far is reviewed here and presented in brief.","PeriodicalId":54385,"journal":{"name":"Crystallography Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"178 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48117394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0889311X.2022.2030320
G. Chapuis
Although W. L. Bragg's law can be easily derived for beginners in the field of crystallography, its interpretation however seems to cause some difficulties which lies essentially in the relation between the concept of lattice planes and the unit cell constants characterizing the lattice periodicity of the crystal structure. Our approach is certainly not new and is based on a more physical approach where every single point in the crystal participates in the diffraction process. From the early stages of developing a model of diffraction, we make abundant use the dual reference frames namely the direct and reciprocal reference frames. With this approach, W. L. Bragg's law can be reformulated directly in terms of the reciprocal unit cell constants avoiding thus the necessity to introduce a priori the notion of lattice planes. Following the derivation of the diffraction law, different steps and methods leading to the complete determination of a crystal structure are derived. We present also some simulation tools to explain in particular the crystal diffraction phenomenon based on the Ewald sphere and the solution of crystalline structures based on the dual space iteration techniques which are currently used.
{"title":"An elementary treatment on the diffraction of crystalline structures","authors":"G. Chapuis","doi":"10.1080/0889311X.2022.2030320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0889311X.2022.2030320","url":null,"abstract":"Although W. L. Bragg's law can be easily derived for beginners in the field of crystallography, its interpretation however seems to cause some difficulties which lies essentially in the relation between the concept of lattice planes and the unit cell constants characterizing the lattice periodicity of the crystal structure. Our approach is certainly not new and is based on a more physical approach where every single point in the crystal participates in the diffraction process. From the early stages of developing a model of diffraction, we make abundant use the dual reference frames namely the direct and reciprocal reference frames. With this approach, W. L. Bragg's law can be reformulated directly in terms of the reciprocal unit cell constants avoiding thus the necessity to introduce a priori the notion of lattice planes. Following the derivation of the diffraction law, different steps and methods leading to the complete determination of a crystal structure are derived. We present also some simulation tools to explain in particular the crystal diffraction phenomenon based on the Ewald sphere and the solution of crystalline structures based on the dual space iteration techniques which are currently used.","PeriodicalId":54385,"journal":{"name":"Crystallography Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"146 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49020753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2021.1986487
A. Liljas
{"title":"A place in history: the biography of John C. Kendrew","authors":"A. Liljas","doi":"10.1080/0889311x.2021.1986487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0889311x.2021.1986487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54385,"journal":{"name":"Crystallography Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"211 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49123949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2022.2043544
P. Bombicz
Plato, the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, endorsed that the fundamental task of education is that of helping students to value reason and to be reasonable. Are there proper criteria for evaluating educational efforts and practices? The overall aim is the enhancement of understanding, production of knowledge and of knowledgeable students. Teaching materials may facilitate learning, may help students to evaluate, organize, integrate and retrieve information. Issue 3 of Volume 27 of Crystallography Reviews presents two articles, a topical and a tutorial one, on teaching crystallography from two eminent scientists and appreciated educators: Professors John Helliwell and Gervais Chapuis. While John Helliwell asks the question ‘How should we teach crystallography?’, Gervais Chapius offers an introduction to the diffraction of crystals. John Helliwell from the Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK prepared ‘A review of teaching books contents pages’ screening around 30 crystallography textbooks. The survey of the sequence of chapters showed that in the majority of books the classical crystallography preceded the description of diffraction. However, his point is that a coursebook for those students who treat crystallography as a service should start with diffraction, the classical crystallography can follow explaining the results. Anyhow, a stand cannot be made for a unique way of explaining crystallography, since it depends on the science subject that a student comes from (physics, chemistry or biology), on the level of education (undergraduate, graduate or later), and on the desired depth of understanding of crystallography. Gervais Chapuis from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, in his article ‘An elementary treatment on the diffraction of crystalline structures’ presents first the periodic nature of crystalline structures, followed by the crystallographic reference frames, and then by modelling the diffraction laws. Here, he introduces the Laue equation and its interpretation by the Ewald sphere as a start, then comes the interpretation of the Bragg equation. With this approach, Bragg’s law can be reformulated directly in terms of the reciprocal unit cell constants avoiding thus the necessity to introduce a priori the notion of lattice planes. The article is based on the lecture given during the summer school of the Italian Association of Crystallography on the Fundamentals of Crystallography in 2021. ‘A review on the structural and magnetic properties of differently doped bismuthferritemultiferroics’ completes this issue by S. R. Dhanya, Jyotirmayee Satapathy and Pavan Kumar from the Department of Physics, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri and Matrusri EngineeringCollege, Hyderabad, India. Bismuth ferrite is one among the recently identified multiferroic materials whose magnetic response increases with decreasing particle size and possesses antiferromagnetic ordering above room temperature.
{"title":"Teaching crystallography","authors":"P. Bombicz","doi":"10.1080/0889311x.2022.2043544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0889311x.2022.2043544","url":null,"abstract":"Plato, the student of Socrates and the teacher of Aristotle, endorsed that the fundamental task of education is that of helping students to value reason and to be reasonable. Are there proper criteria for evaluating educational efforts and practices? The overall aim is the enhancement of understanding, production of knowledge and of knowledgeable students. Teaching materials may facilitate learning, may help students to evaluate, organize, integrate and retrieve information. Issue 3 of Volume 27 of Crystallography Reviews presents two articles, a topical and a tutorial one, on teaching crystallography from two eminent scientists and appreciated educators: Professors John Helliwell and Gervais Chapuis. While John Helliwell asks the question ‘How should we teach crystallography?’, Gervais Chapius offers an introduction to the diffraction of crystals. John Helliwell from the Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK prepared ‘A review of teaching books contents pages’ screening around 30 crystallography textbooks. The survey of the sequence of chapters showed that in the majority of books the classical crystallography preceded the description of diffraction. However, his point is that a coursebook for those students who treat crystallography as a service should start with diffraction, the classical crystallography can follow explaining the results. Anyhow, a stand cannot be made for a unique way of explaining crystallography, since it depends on the science subject that a student comes from (physics, chemistry or biology), on the level of education (undergraduate, graduate or later), and on the desired depth of understanding of crystallography. Gervais Chapuis from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland, in his article ‘An elementary treatment on the diffraction of crystalline structures’ presents first the periodic nature of crystalline structures, followed by the crystallographic reference frames, and then by modelling the diffraction laws. Here, he introduces the Laue equation and its interpretation by the Ewald sphere as a start, then comes the interpretation of the Bragg equation. With this approach, Bragg’s law can be reformulated directly in terms of the reciprocal unit cell constants avoiding thus the necessity to introduce a priori the notion of lattice planes. The article is based on the lecture given during the summer school of the Italian Association of Crystallography on the Fundamentals of Crystallography in 2021. ‘A review on the structural and magnetic properties of differently doped bismuthferritemultiferroics’ completes this issue by S. R. Dhanya, Jyotirmayee Satapathy and Pavan Kumar from the Department of Physics, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri and Matrusri EngineeringCollege, Hyderabad, India. Bismuth ferrite is one among the recently identified multiferroic materials whose magnetic response increases with decreasing particle size and possesses antiferromagnetic ordering above room temperature.","PeriodicalId":54385,"journal":{"name":"Crystallography Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"133 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47055323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2021.1972098
Ernst Ferg
(2021). Powering the U.S. army of the future. Crystallography Reviews: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 130-132.
(2021)。为未来的美国军队提供动力。晶体学评论:Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 130-132。
{"title":"Powering the U.S. army of the future","authors":"Ernst Ferg","doi":"10.1080/0889311x.2021.1972098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0889311x.2021.1972098","url":null,"abstract":"(2021). Powering the U.S. army of the future. Crystallography Reviews: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 130-132.","PeriodicalId":54385,"journal":{"name":"Crystallography Reviews","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138527982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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