Sadic Waswa Babyesiza, Georgies Mgode, Joseph Luwaga Mpagi, Christopher Sabuni, James Ssuuna, Sisiria Akoth, Abdul Katakwebwa
A study aimed at assessing the structure of rodent and shrew assemblages inhabiting a degradation gradient while considering rainfall patterns, was conducted in one of few remaining lowland tropical forests in eastern Africa. We collected a unique dataset of rodents and shrews, representing 24 species (19 rodents, 5 shrews). The most abundant species alternated in dominance as species abundance significantly fluctuated across the study period following a degradation gradient. While only generalist species were observed near the degraded forest edge, habitat specialists such as Deomys ferrugineus, Malacomys longipes and Scutisorex congicus , were observed in the primary forest interior suggesting a significant association between species and their associated habitats and habitat attributes. There was also an observed correlation between rainfall patterns and species abundance. Capturing more species in adjacent fallows and along the degraded forest edge suggests that many species are able to live in degraded habitats that offer a variety of food resources. The study has highlighted the importance of habitat heterogeneity through species associations and also recommend an assessment of the effect of habitat homogeneity due to the proliferation of paper mulberry on small mammal community.
{"title":"Composition of non‐volant small mammals inhabiting a degradation gradient in a lowland tropical forest in Uganda","authors":"Sadic Waswa Babyesiza, Georgies Mgode, Joseph Luwaga Mpagi, Christopher Sabuni, James Ssuuna, Sisiria Akoth, Abdul Katakwebwa","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01135","url":null,"abstract":"A study aimed at assessing the structure of rodent and shrew assemblages inhabiting a degradation gradient while considering rainfall patterns, was conducted in one of few remaining lowland tropical forests in eastern Africa. We collected a unique dataset of rodents and shrews, representing 24 species (19 rodents, 5 shrews). The most abundant species alternated in dominance as species abundance significantly fluctuated across the study period following a degradation gradient. While only generalist species were observed near the degraded forest edge, habitat specialists such as Deomys ferrugineus, Malacomys longipes and Scutisorex congicus , were observed in the primary forest interior suggesting a significant association between species and their associated habitats and habitat attributes. There was also an observed correlation between rainfall patterns and species abundance. Capturing more species in adjacent fallows and along the degraded forest edge suggests that many species are able to live in degraded habitats that offer a variety of food resources. The study has highlighted the importance of habitat heterogeneity through species associations and also recommend an assessment of the effect of habitat homogeneity due to the proliferation of paper mulberry on small mammal community.","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean Claude Twahirwa, Deogratias Tuyisingize, Antoine Sekabanza, Paul Twagirimana, Tara S. Stoinski, Richard Muvunyi, Yntze van der Hoek
It is unclear whether the remarkable recovery of mountain gorillas Gorilla beringei beringei in the Virunga Mountains, East Africa, that followed decades of intensive conservation efforts, is indicative of positive trends in abundance and distribution of other large mammals (meso‐ and megaherbivores). Positive population trends are particularly relevant for globally threatened elephants Loxodonta sp., as conservation and research efforts have predominantly focused on populations that range in lowland savanna ecosystems rather than the smaller but ecologically and genetically unique populations found in the Virunga montane ecosystems. We used marked pellet group counts in dung clearance plots to determine the density/abundance and distribution of three mesoherbivores (buffalo, black‐fronted duiker, bushbuck) and one megaherbivore (elephant) in Volcanoes National Park (VNP; covering part of the Virunga Mountains), Rwanda, in July–September 2008 and 2021. We estimated that elephants and duiker populations saw a minor increase between 2008 and 2021 while densities of buffalo and bushbuck increased substantially over the course of the past decade. We also found no evidence of substantial distributional shifts for elephants but observed increases in densities of the other species in the southwestern parts of the VNP. Overall, density estimates for all species were much higher in both 2008 and 2021 than in a previous survey in 2004, which suggests that meso‐ and megaherbivores have largely recovered from a steep decline in numbers towards the end of the 20th century, possibly benefitting from the same protection efforts that benefitted mountain gorillas.
{"title":"Positive population trends among meso‐ and megaherbivores follow intensive conservation efforts in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda","authors":"Jean Claude Twahirwa, Deogratias Tuyisingize, Antoine Sekabanza, Paul Twagirimana, Tara S. Stoinski, Richard Muvunyi, Yntze van der Hoek","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01118","url":null,"abstract":"It is unclear whether the remarkable recovery of mountain gorillas Gorilla beringei beringei in the Virunga Mountains, East Africa, that followed decades of intensive conservation efforts, is indicative of positive trends in abundance and distribution of other large mammals (meso‐ and megaherbivores). Positive population trends are particularly relevant for globally threatened elephants Loxodonta sp., as conservation and research efforts have predominantly focused on populations that range in lowland savanna ecosystems rather than the smaller but ecologically and genetically unique populations found in the Virunga montane ecosystems. We used marked pellet group counts in dung clearance plots to determine the density/abundance and distribution of three mesoherbivores (buffalo, black‐fronted duiker, bushbuck) and one megaherbivore (elephant) in Volcanoes National Park (VNP; covering part of the Virunga Mountains), Rwanda, in July–September 2008 and 2021. We estimated that elephants and duiker populations saw a minor increase between 2008 and 2021 while densities of buffalo and bushbuck increased substantially over the course of the past decade. We also found no evidence of substantial distributional shifts for elephants but observed increases in densities of the other species in the southwestern parts of the VNP. Overall, density estimates for all species were much higher in both 2008 and 2021 than in a previous survey in 2004, which suggests that meso‐ and megaherbivores have largely recovered from a steep decline in numbers towards the end of the 20th century, possibly benefitting from the same protection efforts that benefitted mountain gorillas.","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135436270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chad LeBeau, Kurt Smith, S. Howlin, A. Tredennick, Karl L. Kosciuch
The increased global demand for energy will require additional tools to help guide policy and management actions to conserve wildlife. Grouse (Tetraoninae) are adversely affected by infrastructure associated with energy development but the magnitude of effects are difficult to quantify in a singular management prescription. Advancement in monitoring and analysis techniques have allowed researchers to evaluate complex questions surrounding the effects of infrastructure on grouse populations, rapidly increasing our knowledge. To better inform management decisions, especially with the emergence of renewable energy, a quantitative synthesis of previous research evaluating the effects of infrastructure on grouse populations is needed. We reviewed studies evaluating the effect of energy infrastructure on grouse, with the main objective to determine the magnitude of effect on grouse lek attendance, resource selection, and survival to help inform future conservation actions. We modeled slope coefficients for distance to energy infrastructure, standardized by scale, on various behaviors to determine overall effect sizes in a meta‐analysis. We used 93 study‐result combinations from 21 studies that directly evaluated resource selection, survival, or lek attendance relative to energy infrastructure. Trends in overall effect sizes suggest an adverse effect of distance to energy infrastructure on grouse behavior; however, the combination of non‐significant pooled regression slopes and high among‐study heterogeneity suggest the effect of distance to energy infrastructure is context dependent. While distance to infrastructure is a common metric used in many grouse management plans, our results suggest distance to infrastructure may not be a reliable predictor of grouse behavior and the effect is context dependent making management prescriptions based solely on distance to infrastructure in a one size fits all approach difficult. Our analysis points to numerous aspects that scientists can improve upon by evaluating density in conjunction with distance to energy infrastructure as well as reporting the necessary statistics for future meta‐analyses.
{"title":"A meta‐analysis investigating the effects of energy infrastructure proximity on grouse demography and space use","authors":"Chad LeBeau, Kurt Smith, S. Howlin, A. Tredennick, Karl L. Kosciuch","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01087","url":null,"abstract":"The increased global demand for energy will require additional tools to help guide policy and management actions to conserve wildlife. Grouse (Tetraoninae) are adversely affected by infrastructure associated with energy development but the magnitude of effects are difficult to quantify in a singular management prescription. Advancement in monitoring and analysis techniques have allowed researchers to evaluate complex questions surrounding the effects of infrastructure on grouse populations, rapidly increasing our knowledge. To better inform management decisions, especially with the emergence of renewable energy, a quantitative synthesis of previous research evaluating the effects of infrastructure on grouse populations is needed. We reviewed studies evaluating the effect of energy infrastructure on grouse, with the main objective to determine the magnitude of effect on grouse lek attendance, resource selection, and survival to help inform future conservation actions. We modeled slope coefficients for distance to energy infrastructure, standardized by scale, on various behaviors to determine overall effect sizes in a meta‐analysis. We used 93 study‐result combinations from 21 studies that directly evaluated resource selection, survival, or lek attendance relative to energy infrastructure. Trends in overall effect sizes suggest an adverse effect of distance to energy infrastructure on grouse behavior; however, the combination of non‐significant pooled regression slopes and high among‐study heterogeneity suggest the effect of distance to energy infrastructure is context dependent. While distance to infrastructure is a common metric used in many grouse management plans, our results suggest distance to infrastructure may not be a reliable predictor of grouse behavior and the effect is context dependent making management prescriptions based solely on distance to infrastructure in a one size fits all approach difficult. Our analysis points to numerous aspects that scientists can improve upon by evaluating density in conjunction with distance to energy infrastructure as well as reporting the necessary statistics for future meta‐analyses.","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41521139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carrion is a valuable resource in forests, providing sustenance for vertebrate and invertebrate scavenger communities and contributing to ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling. Intensive ungulate hunting, and thereby extraction of carcasses, removes large quantities of potential carrion from the system, denying a valuable resource from scavenger fauna. It may be possible to reduce the loss and negative consequences to forest biodiversity by retaining evisceration residues from hunted deer, where full carcasses cannot be retained. However, what roll evisceration residues play as a resource for scavengers in temperate forests is not well understood. In this study, we exposed 47 carrion samples from hunted roe deer, in front of triple sets of camera traps, to examine how hunting remains are removed and fed upon by vertebrate scavengers. Overall, 70% of the samples were completely removed from experimental sites by vertebrates. We detected twelve vertebrate taxa feeding on evisceration residues, including martens (Martes spp.), red kites Milvus milvus and garden dormice Eliomys quercinus. Common buzzards Buteo buteo and Eurasian jays Garrulus glandarius were the most frequent feeders on carrion samples, while red foxes Vulpes vulpes displaced the largest proportion of samples. Finally, we found a range of insectivorous bird and mammal species using hunting remains as a source for invertebrate prey, while not scavenging on the remains directly. We demonstrate that evisceration residues can be a valuable resource for a wide range of taxa and suggest that viscera retention from hunted game may contribute to resource provisioning for scavengers in forest ecosystems.
{"title":"Use of viscera from hunted roe deer by vertebrate scavengers in summer in central European mountainous mixed forest","authors":"Sebastian Schwegmann, I. Storch, M. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01117","url":null,"abstract":"Carrion is a valuable resource in forests, providing sustenance for vertebrate and invertebrate scavenger communities and contributing to ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling. Intensive ungulate hunting, and thereby extraction of carcasses, removes large quantities of potential carrion from the system, denying a valuable resource from scavenger fauna. It may be possible to reduce the loss and negative consequences to forest biodiversity by retaining evisceration residues from hunted deer, where full carcasses cannot be retained. However, what roll evisceration residues play as a resource for scavengers in temperate forests is not well understood. In this study, we exposed 47 carrion samples from hunted roe deer, in front of triple sets of camera traps, to examine how hunting remains are removed and fed upon by vertebrate scavengers. Overall, 70% of the samples were completely removed from experimental sites by vertebrates. We detected twelve vertebrate taxa feeding on evisceration residues, including martens (Martes spp.), red kites Milvus milvus and garden dormice Eliomys quercinus. Common buzzards Buteo buteo and Eurasian jays Garrulus glandarius were the most frequent feeders on carrion samples, while red foxes Vulpes vulpes displaced the largest proportion of samples. Finally, we found a range of insectivorous bird and mammal species using hunting remains as a source for invertebrate prey, while not scavenging on the remains directly. We demonstrate that evisceration residues can be a valuable resource for a wide range of taxa and suggest that viscera retention from hunted game may contribute to resource provisioning for scavengers in forest ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43592473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kotaro Kubo, H. Tsukada, M. Minami, Minoru Hashimoto, Kaede Abe, Kaoru Nagasaki, Ayano Shinohara, Runa Doi, Mizuki Aoki, E. Inoue
Estimation of the population size is essential for understanding population dynamics. Estimating animal density using multiple methods and/or multiple attempts is required for accurate estimations. Raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides is native to East Asia, including Japan, and has become an invasive species in Europe. Information on raccoon dog density in their native range is important to understand their invasion; however, relatively few studies have been conducted on raccoon dog density in their native range. In this study, we extracted DNA from fecal samples of raccoon dogs inhabiting a small island in Japan and conducted density estimation over two periods using DNA capture‐recapture methods: CAPWIRE and SECR. We also investigated sex ratio using genetic sex identification. Density estimates using SECR were approximately threefold different between the two study periods: 17.2 individuals per km2 in 2018 and 49.0 individuals per km2 in 2020. In contrast, estimates using CAPWIRE were relatively stable: 21.7 individuals per km2 in 2018 and 24.3 individuals per km2 in 2020. A drastic increase or decrease is not expected during the study period, and thus, density estimates using CAPWIRE are more reasonable than those using SECR. The small number of samples per individual might result in low accuracy of density estimates by SECR. The density estimated by CAPWIRE was similar to that in the main island in Japan and higher than that in Europe. Feeding competition with other omnivorous carnivores and/or predation risk by wolves might maintain the low density in Europe. The sex ratio of raccoon dogs was 1:1, which was similar to the values in invasive raccoon dogs and other canids. Further genetic census, including sex identification in various landscapes in their native and invasive range, will enable us to understand not only the ecology of raccoon dogs but also their adaptations to their invading areas.
{"title":"Density estimation for an island population of raccoon dogs in Japan using fecal DNA","authors":"Kotaro Kubo, H. Tsukada, M. Minami, Minoru Hashimoto, Kaede Abe, Kaoru Nagasaki, Ayano Shinohara, Runa Doi, Mizuki Aoki, E. Inoue","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01112","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of the population size is essential for understanding population dynamics. Estimating animal density using multiple methods and/or multiple attempts is required for accurate estimations. Raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides is native to East Asia, including Japan, and has become an invasive species in Europe. Information on raccoon dog density in their native range is important to understand their invasion; however, relatively few studies have been conducted on raccoon dog density in their native range. In this study, we extracted DNA from fecal samples of raccoon dogs inhabiting a small island in Japan and conducted density estimation over two periods using DNA capture‐recapture methods: CAPWIRE and SECR. We also investigated sex ratio using genetic sex identification. Density estimates using SECR were approximately threefold different between the two study periods: 17.2 individuals per km2 in 2018 and 49.0 individuals per km2 in 2020. In contrast, estimates using CAPWIRE were relatively stable: 21.7 individuals per km2 in 2018 and 24.3 individuals per km2 in 2020. A drastic increase or decrease is not expected during the study period, and thus, density estimates using CAPWIRE are more reasonable than those using SECR. The small number of samples per individual might result in low accuracy of density estimates by SECR. The density estimated by CAPWIRE was similar to that in the main island in Japan and higher than that in Europe. Feeding competition with other omnivorous carnivores and/or predation risk by wolves might maintain the low density in Europe. The sex ratio of raccoon dogs was 1:1, which was similar to the values in invasive raccoon dogs and other canids. Further genetic census, including sex identification in various landscapes in their native and invasive range, will enable us to understand not only the ecology of raccoon dogs but also their adaptations to their invading areas.","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43182456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Angoh, N. Thorsen, T. Hofmeester, J. Odden, J. Linnell, S. Brainerd
{"title":"Forestry and environmental conditions as determinants of pine marten Martes martes occurrence in Norway","authors":"S. Angoh, N. Thorsen, T. Hofmeester, J. Odden, J. Linnell, S. Brainerd","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48043739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of density‐impact functions to inform and improve the environmental outcomes of feral horse management","authors":"D. Berman, Jill Pickering, Deane Smith, B. Allen","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01107","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51224199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wolverine denning behaviour and its implications for monitoring reproductive females","authors":"M. Aronsson, Henrik Andrén, M. Low, J. Persson","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44678282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplementation of seasonal natural resources with year‐round anthropogenic resources by coyotes in natural fragments within a high‐density urban area","authors":"Peregrin M. Reed, J. F. Dwyer, T. Stankowich","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42713097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lesser prairie‐chicken habitat selection and survival relative to a wind energy facility located in a fragmented landscape","authors":"Chad LeBeau, Kurt T. Smith, Karl L. Kosciuch","doi":"10.1002/wlb3.01091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wlb3.01091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54405,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42206575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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