首页 > 最新文献

Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies最新文献

英文 中文
Dual-RSRAE: Enhancing ship inspection operations through dual robust subspace recovery auto-encoder in port state control 双rsrae:通过港口国控制中的双鲁棒子空间恢复自编码器加强船舶检验操作
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2026.105537
Jiongchao Jin , Xiaowei Gao , Xiuju Fu , Zheng Qin , Tao Cheng , Ran Yan
Maritime transportation serves as the backbone of global trade, carrying more than 80% of the world’s cargo by volume. Ensuring shipping safety is a top priority for the maritime industry. To uphold safety standards, Port State Control (PSC) inspections, established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), are conducted by national ports to verify that foreign visiting ships comply with international and local regulations and are adequately manned. Given the limited inspection resources at ports and the need to avoid excessive inspections that could disrupt the fast turnover of the maritime supply chain, accurately predicting a ship’s inspection in PSC, particularly the deficiency and detention conditions, is crucial for improving the reasonability of the ship inspection process. However, the existing models usually treat detention and deficiency prediction tasks separately, while advanced models such as deep learning are seldom developed for prediction. To address these limitations, we propose Dual-RSRAE, a novel multi-task Dual Robust Subspace Recovery Layer-based auto-encoder for ship risk prediction. This approach integrates the prediction of deficiencies and detentions within a unified, end-to-end pipeline, making it the first attempt to explore the inherent connections between these tasks. Our evaluation, conducted on 31,707 real PSC inspection records from the Asia-Pacific region, demonstrates that Dual-RSRAE outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving at least an 13% improvement in detention prediction and a 12% improvement in deficiency prediction accuracy.
海上运输是全球贸易的支柱,占全球货物运输量的80%以上。确保航运安全是海运业的头等大事。为维护安全标准,由国际海事组织(海事组织)设立的港口国监督(PSC)检查由国家港口进行,以核实外国访问船舶是否遵守国际和当地法规,并配备充足的人员。由于港口的检验资源有限,而且需要避免过多的检查,以免扰乱海上供应链的快速周转,因此准确预测船舶在PSC中的检验情况,特别是不足和滞留情况,对于提高船舶检验过程的合理性至关重要。然而,现有模型通常将滞留和缺失预测任务分开处理,而深度学习等高级模型很少用于预测。为了解决这些限制,我们提出了一种新的多任务双鲁棒子空间恢复层自编码器Dual- rsrae,用于船舶风险预测。这种方法在统一的端到端管道中集成了缺陷和滞留的预测,使其成为探索这些任务之间内在联系的第一次尝试。我们对来自亚太地区的31,707份真实PSC检查记录进行了评估,结果表明,Dual-RSRAE优于最先进的方法,在滞留预测方面至少提高了13%,在缺陷预测精度方面提高了12%。
{"title":"Dual-RSRAE: Enhancing ship inspection operations through dual robust subspace recovery auto-encoder in port state control","authors":"Jiongchao Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Gao ,&nbsp;Xiuju Fu ,&nbsp;Zheng Qin ,&nbsp;Tao Cheng ,&nbsp;Ran Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maritime transportation serves as the backbone of global trade, carrying more than 80% of the world’s cargo by volume. Ensuring shipping safety is a top priority for the maritime industry. To uphold safety standards, Port State Control (PSC) inspections, established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), are conducted by national ports to verify that foreign visiting ships comply with international and local regulations and are adequately manned. Given the limited inspection resources at ports and the need to avoid excessive inspections that could disrupt the fast turnover of the maritime supply chain, accurately predicting a ship’s inspection in PSC, particularly the deficiency and detention conditions, is crucial for improving the reasonability of the ship inspection process. However, the existing models usually treat detention and deficiency prediction tasks separately, while advanced models such as deep learning are seldom developed for prediction. To address these limitations, we propose Dual-RSRAE, a novel multi-task Dual Robust Subspace Recovery Layer-based auto-encoder for ship risk prediction. This approach integrates the prediction of deficiencies and detentions within a unified, end-to-end pipeline, making it the first attempt to explore the inherent connections between these tasks. Our evaluation, conducted on 31,707 real PSC inspection records from the Asia-Pacific region, demonstrates that Dual-RSRAE outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving at least an 13% improvement in detention prediction and a 12% improvement in deficiency prediction accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105537"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An optimization model for en-route express service scheduling in modular autonomous transit systems 模块化自主运输系统中快运服务调度优化模型
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2026.105535
Shuyan Xiao , Yufeng Zhang , Lixing Yang
Modular autonomous transit systems (MATS) present a promising direction for the advancement of urban mobility due to their remarkable ability to flexibly allocate capacity across both spatial and temporal dimensions. Although scholars have extensively explored optimizing the coupling and decoupling of modules and creating adaptable service strategies for MATS, the capacity for modules to overtake has largely been neglected, which could reduce MATS efficiency. In this paper, we introduce a novel operational strategy allowing certain modules to detach from their scheduled trip and, by bypassing stops, create an unscheduled express service, thus leading to an en-route express service. The potential overtaking actions of both decoupled and non-decoupled modules, due to skipping stops, and passengers transfer within the module, add significant complexity to the model. To address this, we develop a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model with an objective to minimize the total cost for both passengers and the operator of the transit system, and we determine optimal decoupling/coupling strategies and schedules for the en-route express services. To enhance computational efficiency, we recast the original nonlinear model into a mixed integer quadratic program (MIQP) and introduce an outer approximation (OA) algorithm to solve it effectively. The results of our illustrative and large-scale experiments reveal that the proposed OA algorithm significantly enhances computational efficiency compared to CPLEX solvers. Compared to two benchmark systems with fixed capacity buses—local (all-stop) service and stop-skipping service, the proposed en-route express service reduces the total cost by 15.1% and 12.9%, and lowers the average passenger service time cost by 19.7% and 33.8%, respectively, underscoring the advantages of the en-route express service for MATS. These findings contribute to the development of more efficient MATS operations by introducing an en-route decoupling strategy that leverages overtaking capabilities to create adaptive express services. The work highlights the significant potential and importance of developing urban mobility systems that are more adaptable and responsive to urban travelers, while optimizing the utilization of available resources.
模块化自主交通系统(MATS)由于其在空间和时间维度上灵活分配容量的卓越能力,为城市交通的发展提供了一个有希望的方向。尽管学者们对优化模块的耦合解耦以及为MATS创建适应性服务策略进行了广泛的探索,但在很大程度上忽视了模块的超车能力,这可能会降低MATS的效率。在本文中,我们介绍了一种新的操作策略,允许某些模块从预定行程中分离,并通过绕过站点,创建非预定的快速服务,从而导致途中快速服务。解耦模块和非解耦模块由于跳站和模块内的乘客转移而产生的潜在超车行为,大大增加了模型的复杂性。为了解决这个问题,我们开发了一个混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型,其目标是使乘客和运输系统运营商的总成本最小化,并确定了路线快速服务的最佳解耦/耦合策略和调度。为了提高计算效率,我们将原来的非线性模型转换为混合整数二次规划(MIQP),并引入外部逼近(OA)算法对其进行有效求解。我们的说明性实验和大规模实验结果表明,与CPLEX求解器相比,所提出的OA算法显着提高了计算效率。与固定容量巴士的两种基准系统—本地(全站)服务和跳站服务相比,拟议的快速服务将总成本降低15.1%和12.9%,平均乘客服务时间成本分别降低19.7%和33.8%,凸显了MATS快速服务的优势。这些发现有助于通过引入一种利用超车能力创建适应性快递服务的途中解耦策略,开发更高效的MATS运营。这项工作强调了开发城市交通系统的巨大潜力和重要性,这些系统在优化现有资源利用的同时,更能适应和响应城市旅行者的需求。
{"title":"An optimization model for en-route express service scheduling in modular autonomous transit systems","authors":"Shuyan Xiao ,&nbsp;Yufeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Lixing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modular autonomous transit systems (MATS) present a promising direction for the advancement of urban mobility due to their remarkable ability to flexibly allocate capacity across both spatial and temporal dimensions. Although scholars have extensively explored optimizing the coupling and decoupling of modules and creating adaptable service strategies for MATS, the capacity for modules to overtake has largely been neglected, which could reduce MATS efficiency. In this paper, we introduce a novel operational strategy allowing certain modules to detach from their scheduled trip and, by bypassing stops, create an unscheduled express service, thus leading to an en-route express service. The potential overtaking actions of both decoupled and non-decoupled modules, due to skipping stops, and passengers transfer within the module, add significant complexity to the model. To address this, we develop a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model with an objective to minimize the total cost for both passengers and the operator of the transit system, and we determine optimal decoupling/coupling strategies and schedules for the en-route express services. To enhance computational efficiency, we recast the original nonlinear model into a mixed integer quadratic program (MIQP) and introduce an outer approximation (OA) algorithm to solve it effectively. The results of our illustrative and large-scale experiments reveal that the proposed OA algorithm significantly enhances computational efficiency compared to CPLEX solvers. Compared to two benchmark systems with fixed capacity buses—local (all-stop) service and stop-skipping service, the proposed en-route express service reduces the total cost by 15.1% and 12.9%, and lowers the average passenger service time cost by 19.7% and 33.8%, respectively, underscoring the advantages of the en-route express service for MATS. These findings contribute to the development of more efficient MATS operations by introducing an en-route decoupling strategy that leverages overtaking capabilities to create adaptive express services. The work highlights the significant potential and importance of developing urban mobility systems that are more adaptable and responsive to urban travelers, while optimizing the utilization of available resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105535"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vessel traffic flow prediction through multi-scale spatiotemporal attention in dual-graph networks 基于双图网络多尺度时空关注的船舶交通流预测
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2026.105529
Haowen Lei , Ruoxue Liu , Jiajing Chen , Haijiang Li , Shuai Jia
Accurate forecasting of vessel traffic flow is vital for intelligent maritime operations, yet it is challenged by complex spatiotemporal dependencies and a mix of deterministic and stochastic influences. To address these challenges, this study proposes the Parallel Spatiotemporal Attention (PSTA) framework which introduces the following three key innovations. First, in terms of architectural design, PSTA employs a parallel temporal backbone that couples multi-view Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units and a dual-graph spatial module that captures complex topology through geographic proximity and functional similarity. Second, this study proposes a constraint-aware fusion mechanism that utilizes a temporal-to-spatial cross-attention module with a masking strategy to embed waterway connectivity and AIS data quality, ensuring that the integration of spatiotemporal features follows the actual layout of the water network. Finally, this study provides domain-specific insights through cross-port validation on two distinct typologies (Zhoushan and Shanghai ports), revealing how modeling requirements shift across different port environments. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PSTA consistently outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks. The results highlight its potential to support data-driven decision-making in maritime traffic management.
船舶交通流量的准确预测对于智能海上操作至关重要,但它受到复杂的时空依赖关系以及确定性和随机影响的混合挑战。为了应对这些挑战,本研究提出了平行时空注意(PSTA)框架,该框架引入了以下三个关键创新。首先,在架构设计方面,PSTA采用了一个并行的时间骨干,该骨干将带有长短期记忆(LSTM)单元的多视图时间卷积网络(tcn)和一个双图空间模块耦合在一起,该空间模块通过地理邻近性和功能相似性捕获复杂拓扑。其次,本文提出了约束感知融合机制,利用时空交叉关注模块和掩蔽策略嵌入水路连通性和AIS数据质量,确保时空特征的融合符合水网的实际布局。最后,本研究通过对两种不同类型(舟山和上海港口)的跨港口验证提供了特定领域的见解,揭示了建模需求如何在不同港口环境中变化。广泛的实验表明,PSTA始终优于最先进的基准。研究结果强调了其在海上交通管理中支持数据驱动决策的潜力。
{"title":"Vessel traffic flow prediction through multi-scale spatiotemporal attention in dual-graph networks","authors":"Haowen Lei ,&nbsp;Ruoxue Liu ,&nbsp;Jiajing Chen ,&nbsp;Haijiang Li ,&nbsp;Shuai Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate forecasting of vessel traffic flow is vital for intelligent maritime operations, yet it is challenged by complex spatiotemporal dependencies and a mix of deterministic and stochastic influences. To address these challenges, this study proposes the Parallel Spatiotemporal Attention (PSTA) framework which introduces the following three key innovations. First, in terms of architectural design, PSTA employs a parallel temporal backbone that couples multi-view Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) units and a dual-graph spatial module that captures complex topology through geographic proximity and functional similarity. Second, this study proposes a constraint-aware fusion mechanism that utilizes a temporal-to-spatial cross-attention module with a masking strategy to embed waterway connectivity and AIS data quality, ensuring that the integration of spatiotemporal features follows the actual layout of the water network. Finally, this study provides domain-specific insights through cross-port validation on two distinct typologies (Zhoushan and Shanghai ports), revealing how modeling requirements shift across different port environments. Extensive experiments demonstrate that PSTA consistently outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks. The results highlight its potential to support data-driven decision-making in maritime traffic management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105529"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the applicability of time series anomaly detection methods to real-world traffic volume data 时间序列异常检测方法在实际交通量数据中的适用性研究
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2026.105536
Iman Taheri Sarteshnizi, Majid Sarvi, Saeed Asadi Bagloee, Neema Nassir
Time Series Anomaly Detection (TSAD or TAD) refers to the automatic and data-driven identification of abnormal segments in time series data, a task that has been studied extensively for decades. Despite recent transformative and novel findings revealed by efforts in this field, the literature on traffic anomaly detection has not yet fully reflected on these emerging trends to draw practical conclusions. In this paper, we focus on the applicability of state-of-the-art and well-established TAD methods to road traffic volume data, making contributions in two main ways. First, given the proven and major contribution of evaluation data to TAD outcomes, we argue that existing anomaly-labeled datasets from transportation and traffic systems require substantial enhancements in terms of both data size and label quality. To address this, we propose a new platform to inspect and label large-scale volume data of urban areas based on its unique characteristics and the latest taxonomy of time series anomalies. Second, based on the established framework, we also formulate the TAD problem in traffic volume data and introduce a discord-based, context-embedded, and light-weight traffic anomaly detection method, named Step-isolated Traffic Discords Discovery (Si-TDD), to address this problem. Benefiting from our labeling platform, AnoLT (Anomaly Labeled Traffic) is presented in this paper for the first time as a comprehensive, open-source, and anomaly-labeled spatiotemporal dataset collected from 147 locations across Melbourne, Australia. Comparative results with more than 20 baselines also indicate that Si-TDD considerably outperforms recent TAD solutions when it comes to traffic volume data, achieving a 67% F1 score with the AnoLT dataset. This paper highlights the key role of incorporating context-related information into existing TAD solutions to boost their effectiveness in traffic anomaly detection, a factor that is often overlooked in the current literature.
时间序列异常检测(TSAD或TAD)是指对时间序列数据中的异常片段进行自动和数据驱动的识别,这是一项已经被广泛研究了几十年的任务。尽管最近在这一领域的努力揭示了变革性和新颖的发现,但关于交通异常检测的文献尚未充分反映这些新兴趋势,以得出实际结论。在本文中,我们着重于最先进和完善的TAD方法对道路交通量数据的适用性,主要在两个方面做出贡献。首先,考虑到评估数据对TAD结果的重要贡献,我们认为现有的运输和交通系统异常标记数据集需要在数据大小和标签质量方面进行实质性的改进。为了解决这一问题,我们提出了一个基于城市地区大尺度体数据的独特特征和最新的时间序列异常分类的新平台。其次,在建立的框架基础上,提出了交通量数据中的交通不协调问题,并引入了一种基于不协调、上下文嵌入、轻量级的交通不协调检测方法——步隔离交通不协调发现(Si-TDD)来解决这一问题。得益于我们的标记平台,AnoLT(异常标记流量)在本文中首次作为一个全面的、开源的、异常标记的时空数据集,收集了来自澳大利亚墨尔本147个地点的数据。与20多个基线的比较结果也表明,Si-TDD在交通量数据方面明显优于最近的TAD解决方案,在AnoLT数据集上达到67%的F1得分。本文强调了将上下文相关信息纳入现有TAD解决方案以提高其在流量异常检测中的有效性的关键作用,这是当前文献中经常被忽视的一个因素。
{"title":"On the applicability of time series anomaly detection methods to real-world traffic volume data","authors":"Iman Taheri Sarteshnizi,&nbsp;Majid Sarvi,&nbsp;Saeed Asadi Bagloee,&nbsp;Neema Nassir","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time Series Anomaly Detection (TSAD or TAD) refers to the automatic and data-driven identification of abnormal segments in time series data, a task that has been studied extensively for decades. Despite recent transformative and novel findings revealed by efforts in this field, the literature on traffic anomaly detection has not yet fully reflected on these emerging trends to draw practical conclusions. In this paper, we focus on the applicability of state-of-the-art and well-established TAD methods to road traffic volume data, making contributions in two main ways. First, given the proven and major contribution of evaluation data to TAD outcomes, we argue that existing anomaly-labeled datasets from transportation and traffic systems require substantial enhancements in terms of both data size and label quality. To address this, we propose a new platform to inspect and label large-scale volume data of urban areas based on its unique characteristics and the latest taxonomy of time series anomalies. Second, based on the established framework, we also formulate the TAD problem in traffic volume data and introduce a discord-based, context-embedded, and light-weight traffic anomaly detection method, named Step-isolated Traffic Discords Discovery (Si-TDD), to address this problem. Benefiting from our labeling platform, AnoLT (Anomaly Labeled Traffic) is presented in this paper for the first time as a comprehensive, open-source, and anomaly-labeled spatiotemporal dataset collected from 147 locations across Melbourne, Australia. Comparative results with more than 20 baselines also indicate that Si-TDD considerably outperforms recent TAD solutions when it comes to traffic volume data, achieving a 67% F1 score with the AnoLT dataset. This paper highlights the key role of incorporating context-related information into existing TAD solutions to boost their effectiveness in traffic anomaly detection, a factor that is often overlooked in the current literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105536"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A fundamental diagram-consistent fluid queue model for dynamic throughput under heavy traffic congestion 大交通阻塞下动态吞吐量的基本图一致流体队列模型
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2026.105533
Yuyan (Annie) Pan , Xianbiao (XB) Hu , Xuesong (Simon) Zhou
The efficient operation of transportation systems is a critical priority for policymakers, particularly given the increasingly emphasis on efficiency gains to meet growing travel demands without relying solely on capacity expansion. During peak hours at freeway bottleneck locations, a flow drop may be observed, and this drop is influenced by traffic stream attributes such as merging and diverging vehicles, resulting in significant efficiency losses. However, queue-based models, widely used for estimating delays and queue lengths, often oversimplify congestion dynamics by assuming a constant outflow rate, leading to inconsistencies when compared with FD-based observations of over-congested states. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel Fundamental Diagram-Consistent Fluid Queue (FDQ) framework for analyzing and mitigating traffic efficiency losses during heavy congestion. We extend the traditional fluid queue model by incorporating a stationary density-flow relationship observed empirically at key bottlenecks. Unlike classical queue-based models, our framework allows the flow throughput to evolve with local traffic state transitions, especially the shift from semi-congested to fully congested regimes. We start with triangular FD and show how to analytically derive FD-consistent dynamic flow throughput, as well as the associated traffic states such as the queue profile and waiting time. Such framework is then utilized to understand efficiency loss mechanisms and explore the potential for increased system efficiency through targeted inflow control. Two types of FDQ models were developed: one with flow throughput in polynomial form (FDQ-PN) and another in piecewise form (FDQ-PW). The FDQ framework is also extended to work with quadratic FD. Validation and numerical analyses were performed using datasets from Los Angeles I-405 and Phoenix I-10. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework substantially improves the accuracy of traffic state estimation. Furthermore, the demand–supply coupled inflow control is shown to offer a more significant efficiency gain than adjusting demand or supply alone.
运输系统的有效运作是政策制定者的一个关键优先事项,特别是考虑到日益强调提高效率,以满足日益增长的旅行需求,而不是仅仅依靠扩大运力。在高速公路瓶颈位置的高峰时段,可能会观察到流量下降,而这种下降受车辆合流和分流等交通流属性的影响,导致显著的效率损失。然而,广泛用于估计延迟和队列长度的基于队列的模型通常通过假设恒定的流出率来过度简化拥塞动态,导致与基于fd的过度拥塞状态观察结果不一致。在本文中,我们介绍了一种新的基本图-一致流体队列(FDQ)框架,用于分析和减轻严重拥堵期间的交通效率损失。我们通过结合在关键瓶颈处观察到的平稳密度流量关系来扩展传统的流体队列模型。与经典的基于队列的模型不同,我们的框架允许流吞吐量随着本地交通状态的转换而演变,特别是从半拥塞到完全拥塞的转变。我们从三角形FD开始,并展示如何解析地导出FD一致的动态流量吞吐量,以及相关的流量状态,如队列配置文件和等待时间。然后利用该框架来了解效率损失机制,并探索通过有针对性的流入控制来提高系统效率的潜力。本文建立了两种FDQ模型:一种是多项式形式的流量模型(FDQ- pn),另一种是分段形式的流量模型(FDQ- pw)。FDQ框架也被扩展到二次FD。使用洛杉矶I-405和凤凰城I-10的数据集进行验证和数值分析。结果表明,该框架大大提高了交通状态估计的精度。此外,供需耦合的流入控制比单独调整需求或供应提供了更显著的效率增益。
{"title":"A fundamental diagram-consistent fluid queue model for dynamic throughput under heavy traffic congestion","authors":"Yuyan (Annie) Pan ,&nbsp;Xianbiao (XB) Hu ,&nbsp;Xuesong (Simon) Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficient operation of transportation systems is a critical priority for policymakers, particularly given the increasingly emphasis on efficiency gains to meet growing travel demands without relying solely on capacity expansion. During peak hours at freeway bottleneck locations, a flow drop may be observed, and this drop is influenced by traffic stream attributes such as merging and diverging vehicles, resulting in significant efficiency losses. However, queue-based models, widely used for estimating delays and queue lengths, often oversimplify congestion dynamics by assuming a constant outflow rate, leading to inconsistencies when compared with FD-based observations of over-congested states. In this manuscript, we introduce a novel Fundamental Diagram-Consistent Fluid Queue (FDQ) framework for analyzing and mitigating traffic efficiency losses during heavy congestion. We extend the traditional fluid queue model by incorporating a stationary density-flow relationship observed empirically at key bottlenecks. Unlike classical queue-based models, our framework allows the flow throughput to evolve with local traffic state transitions, especially the shift from semi-congested to fully congested regimes. We start with triangular FD and show how to analytically derive FD-consistent dynamic flow throughput, as well as the associated traffic states such as the queue profile and waiting time. Such framework is then utilized to understand efficiency loss mechanisms and explore the potential for increased system efficiency through targeted inflow control. Two types of FDQ models were developed: one with flow throughput in polynomial form (FDQ-PN) and another in piecewise form (FDQ-PW). The FDQ framework is also extended to work with quadratic FD. Validation and numerical analyses were performed using datasets from Los Angeles I-405 and <em>Phoenix</em> I-10. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework substantially improves the accuracy of traffic state estimation. Furthermore, the demand–supply coupled inflow control is shown to offer a more significant efficiency gain than adjusting demand or supply alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105533"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deconstructing driving behaviors in interactions with pedestrians at uncontrolled crosswalks: an imitation learning method 在不受控制的人行横道上解构与行人互动的驾驶行为:一种模仿学习方法
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2025.105508
Tao Wang , Minh Kieu , Chengmin Li , Wenqiang Chen , Ying-En Ge
The objective of this paper is to deconstruct driving behaviors in interactions with pedestrians at uncontrolled crosswalks. Trajectory data are used to extract variables describing driver–pedestrian interactions, including position, acceleration, velocity, yaw rate, and interaction risk. Driving behavior is modeled as utility-driven, intelligent, and rational decision-making within the framework of a finite-state Markov decision process (MDP). The vanilla generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL) framework is improved to reconstruct a human-like driving behavior model where the utility function is defined as the deviation between the agent’s behavior distribution and that of human drivers. Maximizing this utility through a deep reinforcement learning (RL) approach drives agents to progressively clone the behavioral policies of human drivers in the real world. The behavioral policy is formulated as a pre-trained driving behavior model and validated on a simulation platform for its ability in reproducing human driving behavior. Experimental results show that the model successfully reproduces the rationality of human drivers and generates human-like interaction trajectories in the simulation environment. Transfer experiments further demonstrate the generalizability of the pre-tained behavioral model. The interaction policy map and the state-value map are visualized to elucidate the generative mechanisms underlying human-like trajectories by revealing risk- and context-dependent layered patterns and latent behavioral preferences. This work contributes to the advancement of human-like behavioral models, thereby enhancing the fidelity of traffic microsimulation and improving behavior modeling in complex driver–pedestrian interactions.
本文的目的是解构在不受控制的人行横道上与行人互动的驾驶行为。轨迹数据用于提取描述驾驶员与行人相互作用的变量,包括位置、加速度、速度、偏航率和相互作用风险。在有限状态马尔可夫决策过程(MDP)的框架内,将驾驶行为建模为效用驱动的、智能的和理性的决策。改进生成对抗模仿学习框架,重构类人驾驶行为模型,其中效用函数定义为智能体的行为分布与人类驾驶员的行为分布之间的偏差。通过深度强化学习(RL)方法最大化这种效用,驱动智能体逐步克隆现实世界中人类驾驶员的行为策略。将行为策略制定为预训练的驾驶行为模型,并在仿真平台上验证其再现人类驾驶行为的能力。实验结果表明,该模型成功再现了人类驾驶员的合理性,并在仿真环境中生成了类似人类的交互轨迹。迁移实验进一步证明了预保留行为模型的普遍性。通过可视化交互策略图和状态值图,揭示风险和上下文相关的分层模式和潜在的行为偏好,阐明了类人轨迹背后的生成机制。这项工作有助于类人行为模型的发展,从而提高交通微观模拟的保真度,并改善复杂驾驶-行人交互中的行为建模。
{"title":"Deconstructing driving behaviors in interactions with pedestrians at uncontrolled crosswalks: an imitation learning method","authors":"Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Minh Kieu ,&nbsp;Chengmin Li ,&nbsp;Wenqiang Chen ,&nbsp;Ying-En Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2025.105508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2025.105508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this paper is to deconstruct driving behaviors in interactions with pedestrians at uncontrolled crosswalks. Trajectory data are used to extract variables describing driver–pedestrian interactions, including position, acceleration, velocity, yaw rate, and interaction risk. Driving behavior is modeled as utility-driven, intelligent, and rational decision-making within the framework of a finite-state Markov decision process (MDP). The vanilla generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL) framework is improved to reconstruct a human-like driving behavior model where the utility function is defined as the deviation between the agent’s behavior distribution and that of human drivers. Maximizing this utility through a deep reinforcement learning (RL) approach drives agents to progressively clone the behavioral policies of human drivers in the real world. The behavioral policy is formulated as a pre-trained driving behavior model and validated on a simulation platform for its ability in reproducing human driving behavior. Experimental results show that the model successfully reproduces the rationality of human drivers and generates human-like interaction trajectories in the simulation environment. Transfer experiments further demonstrate the generalizability of the pre-tained behavioral model. The interaction policy map and the state-value map are visualized to elucidate the generative mechanisms underlying human-like trajectories by revealing risk- and context-dependent layered patterns and latent behavioral preferences. This work contributes to the advancement of human-like behavioral models, thereby enhancing the fidelity of traffic microsimulation and improving behavior modeling in complex driver–pedestrian interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105508"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling proactive avoidance behaviors in pedestrian flows considering congestion anticipation 考虑拥堵预期的行人流主动回避行为建模
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2026.105532
Pei-Yang Wu , Ying-En Ge , Zhuanglin Ma , Ren-Yong Guo
This paper investigates proactive avoidance behaviors in pedestrian flows by means of real-world experiments and a potential field model. Typical movement patterns of pedestrians related to the proactive avoidance behaviors are provided. Based on the observed behaviors, a potential field model is proposed to combine tactical-level and operational-level modeling frameworks. This model allows pedestrians to select and move toward temporary destinations instead of moving directly to their final destinations. Pedestrian movements are guided by the potential values associated with different positions in the focused space. Three types of sub-potentials are involved to reflect the effects of route attributes, spatiotemporal congestion anticipation, and potential conflicts on pedestrian movements. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively reproduce pedestrians’ proactive avoidance behaviors. The model is validated by comparing the simulation results with existing experimental data and our own experimental data. This investigation provides an alternative explanation for pedestrian movement mechanisms.
本文通过实际实验和势场模型研究了行人流中的主动回避行为。给出了与主动回避行为相关的典型行人运动模式。基于观察到的行为,提出了一种结合战术级和操作级建模框架的势场模型。这个模型允许行人选择并移动到临时目的地,而不是直接移动到最终目的地。行人的运动受到与聚焦空间中不同位置相关的潜在值的引导。通过三种类型的子势来反映路径属性、时空拥堵预期和潜在冲突对行人运动的影响。数值实验表明,该模型能有效再现行人的主动回避行为。通过将仿真结果与现有实验数据和我们自己的实验数据进行比较,验证了模型的正确性。这项调查为行人运动机制提供了另一种解释。
{"title":"Modeling proactive avoidance behaviors in pedestrian flows considering congestion anticipation","authors":"Pei-Yang Wu ,&nbsp;Ying-En Ge ,&nbsp;Zhuanglin Ma ,&nbsp;Ren-Yong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates proactive avoidance behaviors in pedestrian flows by means of real-world experiments and a potential field model. Typical movement patterns of pedestrians related to the proactive avoidance behaviors are provided. Based on the observed behaviors, a potential field model is proposed to combine tactical-level and operational-level modeling frameworks. This model allows pedestrians to select and move toward temporary destinations instead of moving directly to their final destinations. Pedestrian movements are guided by the potential values associated with different positions in the focused space. Three types of sub-potentials are involved to reflect the effects of route attributes, spatiotemporal congestion anticipation, and potential conflicts on pedestrian movements. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively reproduce pedestrians’ proactive avoidance behaviors. The model is validated by comparing the simulation results with existing experimental data and our own experimental data. This investigation provides an alternative explanation for pedestrian movement mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105532"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrated optimization for vehicle trajectory reconstruction under cooperative perception environment 协同感知环境下车辆轨迹重构的集成优化
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2026.105522
Tianheng Zhu, Wangzhi Li, Yiheng Feng
Vehicle trajectories provide detailed information about vehicle movements and interactions, which are essential for various transportation applications. However, collecting complete vehicle trajectory data requires high costs. Reconstructing complete vehicle trajectories from partial observations is thus a more cost-effective alternative. Previous studies on trajectory reconstruction primarily focused on vehicle longitudinal behaviors, usually neglecting lane-change (LC) maneuvers. This study proposes an integrated optimization-based vehicle trajectory reconstruction model that considers LC and overtaking behaviors under a cooperative perception environment with very low market penetration rates (MPRs) of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and varying packet loss rates (PLRs) of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem is constructed with the objective of minimizing the errors between reconstructed trajectories and observed trajectories, which converts the trajectory reconstruction problem into a joint trajectory generation problem. Moreover, this study considers a cooperative perception environment where partial observed trajectories are collected from CAV perception sensors. Different from other studies that implemented oversimplified detection models to generate observed trajectories without considering the real-world complexity and variability of detection patterns from perception sensors, in this study, we adopt distance-dependent true positive rates (TPRs) as detection performance metric to mimic CAV detection, computed using BEVFusion detection outputs on the nuScenes dataset. The proposed formulation streamlines the entire process and can be applied to various road geometries and traffic conditions. Numerical studies using both NGSIM highway and urban arterial datasets demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in reconstructing vehicle trajectories under 2%-5% CAV MPRs with varying PLRs. Additional sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of 1) vehicle occlusion in CAV detection model; 2) varying traffic conditions (i.e., demand levels); and 3) weights of different terms in the objective function on the trajectory reconstruction accuracy. Under similar reconstruction rates of unobserved trajectories and road segment lengths, the proposed method outperforms existing studies by a significant margin in terms of both longitudinal position accuracy and LC time prediction. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/Purdue-CART-Lab/CP-TrajRecon-Opt.
车辆轨迹提供了车辆运动和相互作用的详细信息,这对各种运输应用至关重要。然而,收集完整的车辆轨迹数据需要很高的成本。因此,从部分观测结果重建完整的车辆轨迹是一种更具成本效益的选择。以往的轨迹重建研究主要集中在车辆的纵向行为上,往往忽略了变道机动。本研究提出了一种基于集成优化的车辆轨迹重建模型,该模型考虑了车联网和自动驾驶汽车(CAVs)的低市场渗透率(mpr)和车联网(V2X)通信的不同丢包率(plr)下的合作感知环境下的LC和超车行为。以最小化重建轨迹与观测轨迹之间的误差为目标,构造了一个混合整数线性规划(MILP)问题,将轨迹重建问题转化为联合轨迹生成问题。此外,本研究考虑了一个合作感知环境,其中从CAV感知传感器收集部分观察轨迹。与其他研究采用过于简化的检测模型来生成观察轨迹,而不考虑感知传感器检测模式的现实世界复杂性和可变性不同,在本研究中,我们采用距离依赖的真阳性率(tpr)作为检测性能指标来模拟CAV检测,使用nuScenes数据集上的BEVFusion检测输出计算。建议的公式简化了整个过程,可适用于不同的道路几何形状和交通状况。使用NGSIM高速公路和城市干道数据集进行的数值研究表明,该模型在2%-5% CAV mpr和不同plr下重建车辆轨迹的有效性。另外进行敏感性分析,评价1)车辆遮挡对CAV检测模型的影响;2)不同的交通情况(即需求水平);3)目标函数中不同项的权重对弹道重建精度的影响。在相似的未观测轨迹和路段长度重建率下,该方法在纵向位置精度和LC时间预测方面都明显优于现有研究。源代码可在https://github.com/Purdue-CART-Lab/CP-TrajRecon-Opt上公开获得。
{"title":"Integrated optimization for vehicle trajectory reconstruction under cooperative perception environment","authors":"Tianheng Zhu,&nbsp;Wangzhi Li,&nbsp;Yiheng Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle trajectories provide detailed information about vehicle movements and interactions, which are essential for various transportation applications. However, collecting complete vehicle trajectory data requires high costs. Reconstructing complete vehicle trajectories from partial observations is thus a more cost-effective alternative. Previous studies on trajectory reconstruction primarily focused on vehicle longitudinal behaviors, usually neglecting lane-change (LC) maneuvers. This study proposes an integrated optimization-based vehicle trajectory reconstruction model that considers LC and overtaking behaviors under a cooperative perception environment with very low market penetration rates (MPRs) of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) and varying packet loss rates (PLRs) of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem is constructed with the objective of minimizing the errors between reconstructed trajectories and observed trajectories, which converts the trajectory reconstruction problem into a joint trajectory generation problem. Moreover, this study considers a cooperative perception environment where partial observed trajectories are collected from CAV perception sensors. Different from other studies that implemented oversimplified detection models to generate observed trajectories without considering the real-world complexity and variability of detection patterns from perception sensors, in this study, we adopt distance-dependent true positive rates (TPRs) as detection performance metric to mimic CAV detection, computed using BEVFusion detection outputs on the nuScenes dataset. The proposed formulation streamlines the entire process and can be applied to various road geometries and traffic conditions. Numerical studies using both NGSIM highway and urban arterial datasets demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in reconstructing vehicle trajectories under 2%-5% CAV MPRs with varying PLRs. Additional sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of 1) vehicle occlusion in CAV detection model; 2) varying traffic conditions (i.e., demand levels); and 3) weights of different terms in the objective function on the trajectory reconstruction accuracy. Under similar reconstruction rates of unobserved trajectories and road segment lengths, the proposed method outperforms existing studies by a significant margin in terms of both longitudinal position accuracy and LC time prediction. The source code is publicly available at <span><span>https://github.com/Purdue-CART-Lab/CP-TrajRecon-Opt</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105522"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distributionally robust optimization of sailing speed, bunkering, and fuel switching for dual-fuel liner services 双燃料班轮航速、加油和燃料切换的分布鲁棒优化
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2026.105528
Ping He , Lingxiao Wu , Jian Gang Jin , Shaorui Zhou , Frederik Schulte
To reduce CO2 and SO2 emissions, shipping companies have started deploying LNG or methanol dual-fuel ships on liner services. Unlike traditional container ships, these dual-fuel ships can use multiple types of fuels during a voyage, allowing them to comply with emission regulations while reducing operational costs through fuel switching and speed optimization. Given the significant fluctuations in bunker prices across different ports, decisions regarding fuel switching, refueling, and sailing speeds must account for price uncertainty. We develop a distributionally robust chance-constrained programming model based on the Wasserstein uncertainty set to minimize operating costs under this uncertainty. We divide each port-to-port sailing leg into sub-legs, considering regional emission requirements or canal segments. This segmentation enables the optimization of fuel usage proportions, sailing speeds, and refueling strategies for each sub-leg. The model is then reformulated as a tractable mixed-integer second-order conic programming model. We validate the model using real-world data from COSCO Shipping. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the model can identify optimal solutions for real-scale instances within practical computational time. Furthermore, the robust solutions significantly outperform those obtained using the traditional sample average approximation method. Our results suggest that the joint optimization of fuel management and sailing speeds for dual-fuel ships can effectively reduce operating costs without increasing emissions.
为了减少二氧化碳和二氧化硫的排放,航运公司已经开始在班轮服务中部署液化天然气或甲醇双燃料船。与传统的集装箱船不同,这些双燃料船在一次航行中可以使用多种类型的燃料,使它们符合排放法规,同时通过燃料转换和速度优化降低运营成本。考虑到不同港口燃油价格的显著波动,有关燃料转换、加油和航行速度的决策必须考虑到价格的不确定性。我们基于Wasserstein不确定性集开发了一个分布式鲁棒机会约束规划模型,以最小化该不确定性下的运营成本。考虑到区域排放要求或运河段,我们将每个港口到港口的航段划分为子航段。这种分段可以优化燃料使用比例、航行速度和每个子航段的加油策略。然后将该模型重新表述为可处理的混合整数二阶二次规划模型。我们使用中远航运的实际数据验证了该模型。数值实验表明,该模型能在实际计算时间内识别出实际实例的最优解。此外,鲁棒解明显优于传统的样本平均近似方法。研究结果表明,双燃料船舶燃油管理和航速联合优化可以在不增加排放的情况下有效降低运营成本。
{"title":"Distributionally robust optimization of sailing speed, bunkering, and fuel switching for dual-fuel liner services","authors":"Ping He ,&nbsp;Lingxiao Wu ,&nbsp;Jian Gang Jin ,&nbsp;Shaorui Zhou ,&nbsp;Frederik Schulte","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reduce CO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions, shipping companies have started deploying LNG or methanol dual-fuel ships on liner services. Unlike traditional container ships, these dual-fuel ships can use multiple types of fuels during a voyage, allowing them to comply with emission regulations while reducing operational costs through fuel switching and speed optimization. Given the significant fluctuations in bunker prices across different ports, decisions regarding fuel switching, refueling, and sailing speeds must account for price uncertainty. We develop a distributionally robust chance-constrained programming model based on the Wasserstein uncertainty set to minimize operating costs under this uncertainty. We divide each port-to-port sailing leg into sub-legs, considering regional emission requirements or canal segments. This segmentation enables the optimization of fuel usage proportions, sailing speeds, and refueling strategies for each sub-leg. The model is then reformulated as a tractable mixed-integer second-order conic programming model. We validate the model using real-world data from COSCO Shipping. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the model can identify optimal solutions for real-scale instances within practical computational time. Furthermore, the robust solutions significantly outperform those obtained using the traditional sample average approximation method. Our results suggest that the joint optimization of fuel management and sailing speeds for dual-fuel ships can effectively reduce operating costs without increasing emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105528"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decarbonizing freight transportation: Joint optimization of intermodal service scheduling and cargo routing 脱碳货运:多式联运服务调度与货物路线的联合优化
IF 7.6 1区 工程技术 Q1 TRANSPORTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2026.105513
Zeyu Liu
With the rapid growth of freight transportation, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions will increase explosively due to the heavy reliance on trucking. To reach the carbon-neutral goal by 2050, it is crucial to fully utilizing intermodal capabilities, which reduces GHG emissions and economic costs for large volumes of cargo across long distances. Yet, existing optimization models for intermodal transportation lack operational details, typically using broad averages of emission and cost metrics or relying on inflexible scheduling, leading to suboptimal results. In this study, we propose a holistic mixed integer model to optimize container-level transportation in a multi-layered intermodal network, with routing and scheduling decisions of individual containers and vehicles. To address the computational challenges, we establish structural properties and develop novel decomposition methods using variable duplication, relaxation, and symmetry breaking. Real-world intermodal network data in the United States are collected to enable comprehensive experiments. Model behaviors and algorithm performances are investigated through sensitivity analyses and benchmarking. The proposed algorithm leads to more than 50% and 60% improvements in solution quality and efficiency, respectively. Additionally, we compute large-scale scenarios to render future projections of the United States freight transportation sector from 2025 to 2050. The joint effect of synchromodality and clean energy technology foresees up to 154 million tons of reductions in GHG emissions by 2050.
随着货运的快速增长,由于对卡车运输的严重依赖,温室气体(GHG)排放量将呈爆炸式增长。为了到2050年达到碳中和的目标,充分利用多式联运能力至关重要,这将减少温室气体排放,并降低长距离大量货物的经济成本。然而,现有的多式联运优化模型缺乏操作细节,通常使用排放和成本指标的宽泛平均值或依赖于不灵活的调度,导致次优结果。在本研究中,我们提出了一个整体混合整数模型来优化多层多式联运网络中的集装箱级运输,其中单个集装箱和车辆的路线和调度决策。为了解决计算方面的挑战,我们建立了结构特性,并开发了使用变量重复、松弛和对称破缺的新型分解方法。收集美国真实的多式联运网络数据,以便进行全面的实验。通过灵敏度分析和基准测试来研究模型行为和算法性能。该算法使求解质量和效率分别提高50%以上和60%以上。此外,我们还计算了大规模情景,以呈现2025年至2050年美国货运部门的未来预测。在同时性和清洁能源技术的共同作用下,预计到2050年温室气体排放量将减少1.54亿吨。
{"title":"Decarbonizing freight transportation: Joint optimization of intermodal service scheduling and cargo routing","authors":"Zeyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trc.2026.105513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid growth of freight transportation, Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions will increase explosively due to the heavy reliance on trucking. To reach the carbon-neutral goal by 2050, it is crucial to fully utilizing intermodal capabilities, which reduces GHG emissions and economic costs for large volumes of cargo across long distances. Yet, existing optimization models for intermodal transportation lack operational details, typically using broad averages of emission and cost metrics or relying on inflexible scheduling, leading to suboptimal results. In this study, we propose a holistic mixed integer model to optimize container-level transportation in a multi-layered intermodal network, with routing and scheduling decisions of individual containers and vehicles. To address the computational challenges, we establish structural properties and develop novel decomposition methods using variable duplication, relaxation, and symmetry breaking. Real-world intermodal network data in the United States are collected to enable comprehensive experiments. Model behaviors and algorithm performances are investigated through sensitivity analyses and benchmarking. The proposed algorithm leads to more than 50% and 60% improvements in solution quality and efficiency, respectively. Additionally, we compute large-scale scenarios to render future projections of the United States freight transportation sector from 2025 to 2050. The joint effect of synchromodality and clean energy technology foresees up to 154 million tons of reductions in GHG emissions by 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54417,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 105513"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Transportation Research Part C-Emerging Technologies
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1