Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16936046516255
Steven A. Evans, Nancy E. Hastings, Mitsuko Yorkston, Clifford W. Morden, Luke R. Tembrock
Abstract A new species endemic to Hawai‘i Island, Tetramolopium stemmermanniae, is described and illustrated. Molecular and morphological evidence support T. stemmermanniae as being distinct from T.arenarium var. arenarium, T.consanguineum ssp. leptophyllum, and T.humile ssp. humile, which occur at Pōhakuloa Training Area, Hawai‘i Island. Tetramolopium stemmermanniae shares an upright and multibranched habit with T.arenarium var. arenarium and T.consanguineum ssp. leptophyllum but differs in the number and color of ray and disc flowers, and in having an open, paniculate inflorescence. We provide a description of the new taxon, include a key to the Tetramolopium species of Hawai‘i, and a brief description of the habitat where the newly described species occurs.
摘要/ Abstract摘要:报道了夏威夷岛特有的一新种——四色鸦片(Tetramolopium stemmermanniae)。分子和形态学证据表明，该植物不同于arenarium var. arenarium, T. conanguineum ssp.。leptopphylum，和T.humile。在夏威夷岛Pōhakuloa训练区进行。四足鸦片与沙蚕、沙蚕具有直立多分枝习性。薄叶属，但在射线和盘状花的数量和颜色上不同，并且有一个开放的，圆锥状的花序。我们提供了一个新的分类单元的描述，包括夏威夷的四足鸦片物种的一个关键，并简要描述了新描述的物种发生的栖息地。
{"title":"<i>Tetramolopium stemmermanniae</i> (Asteraceae), a New Species from Pōhakuloa Training Area, Hawaii Island","authors":"Steven A. Evans, Nancy E. Hastings, Mitsuko Yorkston, Clifford W. Morden, Luke R. Tembrock","doi":"10.1600/036364423x16936046516255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423x16936046516255","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new species endemic to Hawai‘i Island, Tetramolopium stemmermanniae, is described and illustrated. Molecular and morphological evidence support T. stemmermanniae as being distinct from T.arenarium var. arenarium, T.consanguineum ssp. leptophyllum, and T.humile ssp. humile, which occur at Pōhakuloa Training Area, Hawai‘i Island. Tetramolopium stemmermanniae shares an upright and multibranched habit with T.arenarium var. arenarium and T.consanguineum ssp. leptophyllum but differs in the number and color of ray and disc flowers, and in having an open, paniculate inflorescence. We provide a description of the new taxon, include a key to the Tetramolopium species of Hawai‘i, and a brief description of the habitat where the newly described species occurs.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16936046516264
Abigail G. Moore, Khadijah Kelly, John J. Schenk
Abstract— Phylogenetic studies conducted with two nuclear ribosomal markers created the first phylogenetic framework in which to understand evolutionary relationships in Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae), but low molecular variation resulted in several large polytomies and an incomplete understanding of species relationships. We applied a genome skimming approach to determine whether additional genetic variation generated from high-throughput sequencing could resolve relationships in one of the largest polytomies in the section. Among the 20 species sequenced, five species that have pinnatisect leaf morphology were previously hypothesized to be monophyletic and we tested whether additional data would resolve the group as monophyletic. For the chloroplast genome, reads were assembled with de novo and reference guided approaches, whereas reference guided approaches were taken for the nuclear ribosomal cistron region and a single anonymous nuclear locus. Significant discordance was identified among all three gene trees. Exhaustive measures were taken to ensure phylogenetic and assembly-based errors were not responsible for the observed discordance among gene trees. We attribute incongruence to a low phylogenetic signal to noise ratio that is likely caused by the clade radiating recently and rapidly and perhaps unique evolutionary histories among genomes. Despite incongruence, several well-supported relationships emerged across data sets, and although two out of three gene trees did not recover a monophyletic pinnatisect group, all hypothesis tests for a monophyletic pinnatisect group among gene trees failed to reject monophyly of the group.
{"title":"Resolving Relationships in <i>Mentzelia</i> Section <i>Bartonia</i> (Loasaceae) in the Face of Cytonuclear Discordance","authors":"Abigail G. Moore, Khadijah Kelly, John J. Schenk","doi":"10.1600/036364423x16936046516264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423x16936046516264","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— Phylogenetic studies conducted with two nuclear ribosomal markers created the first phylogenetic framework in which to understand evolutionary relationships in Mentzelia section Bartonia (Loasaceae), but low molecular variation resulted in several large polytomies and an incomplete understanding of species relationships. We applied a genome skimming approach to determine whether additional genetic variation generated from high-throughput sequencing could resolve relationships in one of the largest polytomies in the section. Among the 20 species sequenced, five species that have pinnatisect leaf morphology were previously hypothesized to be monophyletic and we tested whether additional data would resolve the group as monophyletic. For the chloroplast genome, reads were assembled with de novo and reference guided approaches, whereas reference guided approaches were taken for the nuclear ribosomal cistron region and a single anonymous nuclear locus. Significant discordance was identified among all three gene trees. Exhaustive measures were taken to ensure phylogenetic and assembly-based errors were not responsible for the observed discordance among gene trees. We attribute incongruence to a low phylogenetic signal to noise ratio that is likely caused by the clade radiating recently and rapidly and perhaps unique evolutionary histories among genomes. Despite incongruence, several well-supported relationships emerged across data sets, and although two out of three gene trees did not recover a monophyletic pinnatisect group, all hypothesis tests for a monophyletic pinnatisect group among gene trees failed to reject monophyly of the group.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16936046516372
Fabio Conti, Adriano Stinca
Abstract— Following a morphometric approach, in this paper a new species, Anthyllis dalmatica , is described and illustrated from Croatia (Southeastern Europe). It belongs to the A. vulneraria species complex (Fabaceae), a poorly investigated and critical taxonomic group for Eurasian vascular flora. The new species is a restricted endemic to the montane belt of Mt. Mosor in central Dalmatia, where it grows on limestone rocky slopes. Anthyllis dalmatica is morphologically closely related to the Italian endemic A. apennina , occurring in the central Apennine, from which it differs by a less-wide calyx, a lower ratio between standard limb length and width, a wider standard, and by the color of corolla and calyx at flowering time, which are dark yellow. Based on current knowledge, we propose that A. dalmatica should be included in the category critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria. To promote its recognition and conservation, a new key to the taxa belonging to the A. vulneraria species complex from Croatia is also proposed.
{"title":"<i>Anthyllis dalmatica</i> (Fabaceae), a New Endemic Species from Croatia","authors":"Fabio Conti, Adriano Stinca","doi":"10.1600/036364423x16936046516372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423x16936046516372","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— Following a morphometric approach, in this paper a new species, Anthyllis dalmatica , is described and illustrated from Croatia (Southeastern Europe). It belongs to the A. vulneraria species complex (Fabaceae), a poorly investigated and critical taxonomic group for Eurasian vascular flora. The new species is a restricted endemic to the montane belt of Mt. Mosor in central Dalmatia, where it grows on limestone rocky slopes. Anthyllis dalmatica is morphologically closely related to the Italian endemic A. apennina , occurring in the central Apennine, from which it differs by a less-wide calyx, a lower ratio between standard limb length and width, a wider standard, and by the color of corolla and calyx at flowering time, which are dark yellow. Based on current knowledge, we propose that A. dalmatica should be included in the category critically endangered (CR) according to IUCN criteria. To promote its recognition and conservation, a new key to the taxa belonging to the A. vulneraria species complex from Croatia is also proposed.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16936046516345
Xiaojuan Li, Lu Qu, Guoxiong Hu, Dianxiang Zhang
Abstract— Campylosiphon (Burmanniaceae), a genus with two fully mycoheterotrophic species distributed in the tropics of South America and West Africa, is extended to include two Asian species and one African species with “wingless” flowers. Specifically, Burmannia championii and B. densiflora are transferred to Campylosiphon , and a Campylosiphon species new to science is described from Guizhou, China, supported by a combination of morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetic inference. We reveal that the genus Campylosiphon can be characterized by five morphological aspects. With this revised circumscription, Campylosiphon becomes the third genus in Burmanniaceae with a pantropical distribution pattern. We also report that two Campylosiphon species have advanced degraded plastomes, losing all protein coding genes for photosynthesis.
{"title":"Revision of <i>Campylosiphon</i> (Burmanniaceae), with New Combinations and a New Species Described","authors":"Xiaojuan Li, Lu Qu, Guoxiong Hu, Dianxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1600/036364423x16936046516345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423x16936046516345","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— Campylosiphon (Burmanniaceae), a genus with two fully mycoheterotrophic species distributed in the tropics of South America and West Africa, is extended to include two Asian species and one African species with “wingless” flowers. Specifically, Burmannia championii and B. densiflora are transferred to Campylosiphon , and a Campylosiphon species new to science is described from Guizhou, China, supported by a combination of morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetic inference. We reveal that the genus Campylosiphon can be characterized by five morphological aspects. With this revised circumscription, Campylosiphon becomes the third genus in Burmanniaceae with a pantropical distribution pattern. We also report that two Campylosiphon species have advanced degraded plastomes, losing all protein coding genes for photosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16936046516390
Catarina S. Carvalho, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Charles E. Zartman, Domingos B. O. S. Cardoso
Abstract— Monopteryx is a florally divergent genus of Dipterygeae, an early-branching papilionoid legume clade largely marked by winged papilionate floral architecture, expanded upper calyx lobes often assuming a wing-shaped orientation, and petals differentiated into standard, wings, and a keel enclosing the basally connate stamens. In contrast to the remaining Dipterygeae genera, Monopteryx has differentiated petals but the marginally coherent keel with interlaced trichomes exposes the free stamens and the expanded upper calyx lobes are nearly entirely fused with a standard-like dorsal orientation. Monopteryx species are restricted to the Amazonian rainforests, where they have diversified since the last ∼15 Ma, but the divergence of the genus is estimated to be as old as ∼39 Ma. They grow as large buttressed trees usually with a uniquely “flying” architecture, which are arched from the trunk to the ground and separated from one another, unlike that found in any other species of leguminaceous trees. Its fruits are elastically dehiscent pods and in some species they bear marginally crimped wings along the sutures. Our taxonomic revision of this ecologically and evolutionarily important, ancient genus includes an analysis of about 135 specimens from across 14 herbaria, including both type and historical collections, as well as recently collected samples from our extensive fieldwork across remote areas of the Amazon. Grounded on a densely-sampled dated molecular phylogeny of nuclear and plastid data, here we recognize three phylogenetically and morphologically distinct taxa: M . angustifolia , M . inpae , and M . uaucu . After a careful revision of their nomenclatural history, we also found that M . inpae was not validly published. We subsequently have provided typification of all names associated with species of the genus. This revision also includes morphological descriptions, illustrations, and distribution maps for all species. We also discuss the phylogenetic relationships between the species and the evolution of selected taxonomically key morphological characters in the context of the entire Diptergyeae clade.
{"title":"A Taxonomic Revision of <i>Monopteryx</i> (Leguminosae): a Florally Divergent and Ancient Papilionoid Genus of Large Amazonian Trees","authors":"Catarina S. Carvalho, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Charles E. Zartman, Domingos B. O. S. Cardoso","doi":"10.1600/036364423x16936046516390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423x16936046516390","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— Monopteryx is a florally divergent genus of Dipterygeae, an early-branching papilionoid legume clade largely marked by winged papilionate floral architecture, expanded upper calyx lobes often assuming a wing-shaped orientation, and petals differentiated into standard, wings, and a keel enclosing the basally connate stamens. In contrast to the remaining Dipterygeae genera, Monopteryx has differentiated petals but the marginally coherent keel with interlaced trichomes exposes the free stamens and the expanded upper calyx lobes are nearly entirely fused with a standard-like dorsal orientation. Monopteryx species are restricted to the Amazonian rainforests, where they have diversified since the last ∼15 Ma, but the divergence of the genus is estimated to be as old as ∼39 Ma. They grow as large buttressed trees usually with a uniquely “flying” architecture, which are arched from the trunk to the ground and separated from one another, unlike that found in any other species of leguminaceous trees. Its fruits are elastically dehiscent pods and in some species they bear marginally crimped wings along the sutures. Our taxonomic revision of this ecologically and evolutionarily important, ancient genus includes an analysis of about 135 specimens from across 14 herbaria, including both type and historical collections, as well as recently collected samples from our extensive fieldwork across remote areas of the Amazon. Grounded on a densely-sampled dated molecular phylogeny of nuclear and plastid data, here we recognize three phylogenetically and morphologically distinct taxa: M . angustifolia , M . inpae , and M . uaucu . After a careful revision of their nomenclatural history, we also found that M . inpae was not validly published. We subsequently have provided typification of all names associated with species of the genus. This revision also includes morphological descriptions, illustrations, and distribution maps for all species. We also discuss the phylogenetic relationships between the species and the evolution of selected taxonomically key morphological characters in the context of the entire Diptergyeae clade.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16936046516354
John L. Clark, James F. Smith, Peter W. Moonlight
Abstract— A new species is described from the Huancabamba Pass, a relict montane forest in northwest Peru, near the southwestern border of Ecuador. Pachycaulos huancabambae J.L.Clark & Moonlight is a terrestrial or lithophytic herb with scandent stems that grows in dense mats of bryophytes. This is the second species of Pachycaulos and renders that taxon as non-monotypic. We discuss several other genera of Gesneriaceae that are also no longer monotypic because of recent exploratory research in tropical forests and increased taxon sampling from ongoing phylogenetic studies. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS is presented that strongly supports the monophyly and sister-group relationship of P. huancabambae and P. nummularia . Based on IUCN guidelines, a preliminary conservation status is assigned as Critically Endangered (CR).
{"title":"Another Recently Recognized Monotypic Genus Is No Longer Monotypic: A Second Species of <i>Pachycaulos</i> (Gesneriaceae) from the Huancabamba Depression in Northern Peru","authors":"John L. Clark, James F. Smith, Peter W. Moonlight","doi":"10.1600/036364423x16936046516354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423x16936046516354","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— A new species is described from the Huancabamba Pass, a relict montane forest in northwest Peru, near the southwestern border of Ecuador. Pachycaulos huancabambae J.L.Clark & Moonlight is a terrestrial or lithophytic herb with scandent stems that grows in dense mats of bryophytes. This is the second species of Pachycaulos and renders that taxon as non-monotypic. We discuss several other genera of Gesneriaceae that are also no longer monotypic because of recent exploratory research in tropical forests and increased taxon sampling from ongoing phylogenetic studies. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS is presented that strongly supports the monophyly and sister-group relationship of P. huancabambae and P. nummularia . Based on IUCN guidelines, a preliminary conservation status is assigned as Critically Endangered (CR).","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16936046516246
Neil Snow, Paul M. Peterson
Abstract— Dinebra retusigluma is described from two gatherings from Sonora, Mexico. It is most easily distinguished from other members of the genus by its broadly obtuse to deeply retuse upper glumes. A key is provided to separate the species of Dinebra in Sonora.
{"title":"A New and Evidently Rare Species of <i>Dinebra</i> (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae: Eleusininae) from Sonora, Mexico","authors":"Neil Snow, Paul M. Peterson","doi":"10.1600/036364423x16936046516246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423x16936046516246","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— Dinebra retusigluma is described from two gatherings from Sonora, Mexico. It is most easily distinguished from other members of the genus by its broadly obtuse to deeply retuse upper glumes. A key is provided to separate the species of Dinebra in Sonora.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16936046516237
Natanael Costa Rebouças, Nádia Roque, Mariana de Oliveira Bünger
Abstract— Isocarpha has five species distributed in North America, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. In Brazil, three species occur in the Caatinga and Cerrado phytogeographic domains. During the taxonomic treatment of the species from the Eupatorieae tribe, a new species of Isocarpha was discovered for the Northeast of Brazil, in the Caatinga domain. Isocarpha spathulata is distinguished from other species of the genus by an ovate to widely-ovate or ovate-rhombic leaf blade, a sessile to subsessile capitulum that is one to two mm long, a spathulate palea with a rounded apex, 36‐40 flowers, a persistent stylopodium, and an annuliform or inconspicuous carpopodium. Morphological description, illustration, distribution map, conservation status, and an identification key for Isocarpha taxa are presented herein.
{"title":"<i>Isocarpha spathulata</i> (Asteraceae: Eupatorieae, Ayapaninae): a New Species Registered in the Northeast of Brazil","authors":"Natanael Costa Rebouças, Nádia Roque, Mariana de Oliveira Bünger","doi":"10.1600/036364423x16936046516237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423x16936046516237","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract— Isocarpha has five species distributed in North America, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. In Brazil, three species occur in the Caatinga and Cerrado phytogeographic domains. During the taxonomic treatment of the species from the Eupatorieae tribe, a new species of Isocarpha was discovered for the Northeast of Brazil, in the Caatinga domain. Isocarpha spathulata is distinguished from other species of the genus by an ovate to widely-ovate or ovate-rhombic leaf blade, a sessile to subsessile capitulum that is one to two mm long, a spathulate palea with a rounded apex, 36‐40 flowers, a persistent stylopodium, and an annuliform or inconspicuous carpopodium. Morphological description, illustration, distribution map, conservation status, and an identification key for Isocarpha taxa are presented herein.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16936046516363
Leonardo da Silveira de Souza, Bianca Ott Andrade, Jefferson Nunes Radaeski, Soraia Girardi Bauermann, João Renato Stehmann
Abstract— Improving species delimitation and knowledge on species complexes is crucial for many areas of study in Biology, especially conservation. Integrative taxonomy contributes to this topic by using different approaches to better delineate taxonomic boundaries. Metternichia (Solanaceae), historically a monospecific genus, has a geographic range that comprises contrasting environments. Metternichia principis was described as having two varieties: the typical variety, found in the humid forests of eastern Brazil (Atlantic Forest region), and M. principis var. macrocalyx , which presents a larger calyx and inhabits mostly semi-arid areas (Caatinga region). In this study, we tested the validity of such groups by integrating environmental, phenological, morphometric, and palynological data; applying uni- and multivariate tests; and evaluating the conservation status of each taxon. Our results support the recognition of two morphological groups within Metternichia , largely in agreement with the original circumscription of the varieties. Multivariate analyses clearly indicate different ecological niches, with each taxon inhabiting environments with distinct mean annual precipitation and temperature. Phenological data show some differences between the varieties regarding months with the highest number of flowering and fruiting records. In general, M. principis var. macrocalyx presents larger flower and pollen characters, and smaller fruit characters compared to the typical variety. Based on these findings, we elevate the variety to the status of species, as the new combination Metternichia macrocalyx . Following IUCN guidelines, both taxa are here preliminarily considered endangered (EN).
摘要:提高物种划分和物种复合体的知识对生物学的许多领域，特别是保护研究至关重要。综合分类学通过使用不同的方法来更好地划定分类学界限，从而有助于这一主题。Metternichia(茄科)，历史上是一个单种属，其地理范围包括不同的环境。原理美特尼hia principis被描述为有两个品种:典型的品种，发现于巴西东部潮湿的森林(大西洋林区)，和原理美特尼hia var. macrocalyx，具有较大的花萼，主要生活在半干旱地区(Caatinga地区)。在这项研究中，我们通过综合环境、物候、形态计量和孢粉学数据来检验这些类群的有效性;应用单检验和多变量检验;并对各分类单元的保护状况进行评价。我们的研究结果支持在梅特尼亚属中识别两个形态群，在很大程度上与品种的原始界限一致。多变量分析表明不同的生态位不同，各分类单元所处的环境具有不同的年平均降水量和温度。物候资料显示，不同品种在开花和结果最多的月份存在一定差异。总体而言，与典型品种相比，大萼花的花和花粉特征较大，果实特征较小。基于这些发现，我们将该品种提升到种的地位，作为新组合大萼梅特尼亚。根据世界自然保护联盟的指导方针，这两个分类群在这里被初步认为是濒危物种。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16847773873134
M. Simmons, J. A. Lombardi, L. Biral
Abstract We present the best sampled phylogenetic analysis of Celastrales, with respect to both character and taxon sampling, and use it to present a natural classification of the order. Parnassiaceae are highly supported as sister to Celastraceae; we recognize both families as distinct. Pottingeria is highly supported as a member of Celastraceae. We recognize and circumscribe 13 subfamilies in Celastraceae, including the new subfamilies Crossopetaloideae, Maytenoideae, Microtropioideae, Monimopetaloideae, and Salaciopsioideae. We identified five genera that likely require generic recircumscriptions: Cassine, Elachyptera, Gymnosporia, Salacia, and Semialarium. Genera that had not been previously sampled in Sanger-sequence-based studies are resolved as follows: Arnicratea is sister to Reissantia, Bequaertia is in a clade with Campylostemon and Tristemonanthus, Goniodiscus is sister to Wilczekra, Ptelidium is nested within Elaeodendron, and Tetrasiphon is most closely related to Gyminda.
{"title":"Classification of the Celastrales Based on Integration of Genomic, Morphological, and Sanger-Sequence Characters","authors":"M. Simmons, J. A. Lombardi, L. Biral","doi":"10.1600/036364423X16847773873134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423X16847773873134","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We present the best sampled phylogenetic analysis of Celastrales, with respect to both character and taxon sampling, and use it to present a natural classification of the order. Parnassiaceae are highly supported as sister to Celastraceae; we recognize both families as distinct. Pottingeria is highly supported as a member of Celastraceae. We recognize and circumscribe 13 subfamilies in Celastraceae, including the new subfamilies Crossopetaloideae, Maytenoideae, Microtropioideae, Monimopetaloideae, and Salaciopsioideae. We identified five genera that likely require generic recircumscriptions: Cassine, Elachyptera, Gymnosporia, Salacia, and Semialarium. Genera that had not been previously sampled in Sanger-sequence-based studies are resolved as follows: Arnicratea is sister to Reissantia, Bequaertia is in a clade with Campylostemon and Tristemonanthus, Goniodiscus is sister to Wilczekra, Ptelidium is nested within Elaeodendron, and Tetrasiphon is most closely related to Gyminda.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45506144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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