Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16758873924135
Jonas Mendez-Reneau, J. G. Burleigh, E. Sigel
Abstract Like many fern lineages comprising reticulate species complexes, Polypodium s.s. (Polypodiacaeae) has a history shaped by rapid diversification, hybridization, and polyploidy that poses substantial challenges for phylogenetic inference with plastid and single-locus nuclear markers. Using target capture probes for 408 nuclear loci developed by the GoFlag project and a custom bioinformatic pipeline, SORTER, we constructed multi-locus nuclear datasets for diploid temperate and Mesoamerican species of Polypodium and five allotetraploid species belonging to the well-studied Polypodium vulgare complex. SORTER employs a clustering approach to separate putatively paralogous copies of targeted loci into orthologous matrices and haplotype phasing to infer allopolyploid haplotypes across loci, resulting in datasets amenable to both concatenated maximum likelihood and multi-species coalescent phylogenetic analyses. By comparing phylogenies derived from maximum likelihood and multi-species coalescent analyses of unphased and phased datasets, as well as evaluating discordance among gene trees and species trees, we recover support for incomplete lineage sorting within Polypodium s.s., novel relationships among diploid taxa of the Polypodium vulgare complex and its Mesoamerican sister clade, and the placement of several Polypodium species within other genera. Additionally, we were able to infer well-supported phylogenies that identified the hypothesized progenitors of the allotetraploid species, indicating that SORTER is an effective and accurate tool for reconstructing homeolog haplotypes of allopolyploids in fern taxa and other non-model organisms from target capture data.
{"title":"Target Capture Methods Offer Insight into the Evolution of Rapidly Diverged Taxa and Resolve Allopolyploid Homeologs in the Fern Genus Polypodium s.s.","authors":"Jonas Mendez-Reneau, J. G. Burleigh, E. Sigel","doi":"10.1600/036364423X16758873924135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423X16758873924135","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Like many fern lineages comprising reticulate species complexes, Polypodium s.s. (Polypodiacaeae) has a history shaped by rapid diversification, hybridization, and polyploidy that poses substantial challenges for phylogenetic inference with plastid and single-locus nuclear markers. Using target capture probes for 408 nuclear loci developed by the GoFlag project and a custom bioinformatic pipeline, SORTER, we constructed multi-locus nuclear datasets for diploid temperate and Mesoamerican species of Polypodium and five allotetraploid species belonging to the well-studied Polypodium vulgare complex. SORTER employs a clustering approach to separate putatively paralogous copies of targeted loci into orthologous matrices and haplotype phasing to infer allopolyploid haplotypes across loci, resulting in datasets amenable to both concatenated maximum likelihood and multi-species coalescent phylogenetic analyses. By comparing phylogenies derived from maximum likelihood and multi-species coalescent analyses of unphased and phased datasets, as well as evaluating discordance among gene trees and species trees, we recover support for incomplete lineage sorting within Polypodium s.s., novel relationships among diploid taxa of the Polypodium vulgare complex and its Mesoamerican sister clade, and the placement of several Polypodium species within other genera. Additionally, we were able to infer well-supported phylogenies that identified the hypothesized progenitors of the allotetraploid species, indicating that SORTER is an effective and accurate tool for reconstructing homeolog haplotypes of allopolyploids in fern taxa and other non-model organisms from target capture data.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16758873924108
F. Gonzatti, Diego T. Vasques, P. G. Windisch, M. Ritter, M. Ito
Abstract Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium is subcosmopolitan and comprises ca. 35 species. Its neotropical species are poorly known taxonomically. The high degree of morphological similarity among the species and the absence of clear characters to distinguish them has confounded taxonomic treatments, resulting in the lumping of many putative segregate taxa into a broadly circumscribed Hymenophyllum polyanthos species complex. The goal of the present study was to analyze morphologically and phylogenetically the species of Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium in the Atlantic Forest domain. Morphological studies were conducted utilizing traditional stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses were performed using plastid data for seven markers: atpB, atpB-rbcL, matK, rbcL, rbcL-accD, rps4, and rps4-trnS. Seven independent lineages were identified in this study, while morphological analysis supported the delimitation of five taxa within the Atlantic Forest domain: Hymenophyllum apiculatum, H. polyanthos, H. schomburkii, H. undulatum, and H. viridissimum. One taxon, Hymenophyllum sturmii, is recognized as a cryptic species, formed by two independent evolutionary lineages, and treated here provisionally as the H. sturmii complex. A taxonomic revision for the six taxa occurring in the Atlantic Forest domain is presented, including seven new lectotypifications, along with an identification key, descriptions, and illustrations for the species. We also provide data regarding the geographical distribution and conservation status of these six species.
{"title":"Systematics and Taxonomy of the Hymenophyllum polyanthos Complex in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Domain","authors":"F. Gonzatti, Diego T. Vasques, P. G. Windisch, M. Ritter, M. Ito","doi":"10.1600/036364423X16758873924108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423X16758873924108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium is subcosmopolitan and comprises ca. 35 species. Its neotropical species are poorly known taxonomically. The high degree of morphological similarity among the species and the absence of clear characters to distinguish them has confounded taxonomic treatments, resulting in the lumping of many putative segregate taxa into a broadly circumscribed Hymenophyllum polyanthos species complex. The goal of the present study was to analyze morphologically and phylogenetically the species of Hymenophyllum subg. Mecodium in the Atlantic Forest domain. Morphological studies were conducted utilizing traditional stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses were performed using plastid data for seven markers: atpB, atpB-rbcL, matK, rbcL, rbcL-accD, rps4, and rps4-trnS. Seven independent lineages were identified in this study, while morphological analysis supported the delimitation of five taxa within the Atlantic Forest domain: Hymenophyllum apiculatum, H. polyanthos, H. schomburkii, H. undulatum, and H. viridissimum. One taxon, Hymenophyllum sturmii, is recognized as a cryptic species, formed by two independent evolutionary lineages, and treated here provisionally as the H. sturmii complex. A taxonomic revision for the six taxa occurring in the Atlantic Forest domain is presented, including seven new lectotypifications, along with an identification key, descriptions, and illustrations for the species. We also provide data regarding the geographical distribution and conservation status of these six species.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43947689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16758873924081
S. Joly, François Lambert, William Cinea, John L. Clark
Abstract The Caribbean Islands are a biodiversity hotspot characterized by a high taxonomic diversity and endemicity, suggesting that many species have yet to be discovered. Unfortunately, many of these undescribed species may go extinct before they are described because of the drastic habitat loss in these oceanic islands. In this study, we describe three new plant species of Gesneria (Gesneriaceae) that are endemic to the Massif de la Hotte in southwest Haiti, a region recently affected by extensive deforestation. Elliptical Fourier analyses of leaf shapes and DNA sequencing of five nuclear genes were used to support the species delimitations. Gesneria flava is a tall shrub with large yellow flowers, leafy sepals, and rugose leaves. Gesneria × cornuta is a hybrid between Gesneria bicolor and the newly described Gesneria flava and is morphologically intermediate between its parents. Its hybrid origin is further supported by the presence of alleles from both parents for all five nuclear genes sequenced. Finally, Gesneria radiata is a saxicolous herb with radially symmetrical corollas. The three new species described here are limited to a single mountain range in the Caribbean, the Massif de la Hotte. These recent discoveries reflect the high endemicity of this region and exemplify the urgency to conserve the remaining primary forest of Haiti in order to protect its biodiversity.
摘要加勒比群岛是一个生物多样性热点，具有高度的分类学多样性和特有性，这表明许多物种尚未被发现。不幸的是，由于这些海洋岛屿的栖息地急剧丧失，许多未被描述的物种可能在被描述之前就灭绝了。在这项研究中，我们描述了三种新的苦苣苔属植物，它们是海地西南部Massif de la Hotte的特有植物，该地区最近受到了大规模砍伐的影响。叶片形状的椭圆傅立叶分析和五个核基因的DNA测序用于支持物种划分。黄苦苣苔是一种高大的灌木，开黄色的大花，萼片多叶，叶具皱纹。×cornuta是双色苦苣苔和新描述的黄苦苣苔的杂交种，在形态上介于其亲本之间。它的杂交起源进一步得到了来自父母双方的等位基因的支持，所有五个核基因都已测序。最后，辐射苦苣苔是一种萨克斯管草本植物，具有径向对称的花冠。这里描述的三个新物种仅限于加勒比海的一个山脉，即霍特山脉。这些最近的发现反映了该地区的高度地方性，并证明了保护海地剩余原始森林以保护其生物多样性的紧迫性。
{"title":"Three New Gesneria Species (Gesneriaceae) Support Parc National Pic Macaya (Haiti) as an Important Biodiversity Hotspot","authors":"S. Joly, François Lambert, William Cinea, John L. Clark","doi":"10.1600/036364423X16758873924081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423X16758873924081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Caribbean Islands are a biodiversity hotspot characterized by a high taxonomic diversity and endemicity, suggesting that many species have yet to be discovered. Unfortunately, many of these undescribed species may go extinct before they are described because of the drastic habitat loss in these oceanic islands. In this study, we describe three new plant species of Gesneria (Gesneriaceae) that are endemic to the Massif de la Hotte in southwest Haiti, a region recently affected by extensive deforestation. Elliptical Fourier analyses of leaf shapes and DNA sequencing of five nuclear genes were used to support the species delimitations. Gesneria flava is a tall shrub with large yellow flowers, leafy sepals, and rugose leaves. Gesneria × cornuta is a hybrid between Gesneria bicolor and the newly described Gesneria flava and is morphologically intermediate between its parents. Its hybrid origin is further supported by the presence of alleles from both parents for all five nuclear genes sequenced. Finally, Gesneria radiata is a saxicolous herb with radially symmetrical corollas. The three new species described here are limited to a single mountain range in the Caribbean, the Massif de la Hotte. These recent discoveries reflect the high endemicity of this region and exemplify the urgency to conserve the remaining primary forest of Haiti in order to protect its biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49055511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16758873924153
Diego Santos, C. Amorim, M. T. Buril
Abstract A new species of Evolvulus from the Brazilian Cerrado, a savanna biodiversity hotspot, is described here. Evolvulus aureus sp. nov. is similar to E. passerinoides, both found in Cerrado, and share erect stems (also decumbent in E. passerinoides), branched at the base, leaves spiral, flat, with acute apex and leaf base rounded, and axillary flowers. They can be distinguished by the indument type and by its color when herborized, shape of the leaf blade, visibility of secondary veins, sepal length, and anther shape. This new species is circumscribed into E. sect. Passerinoidei based on erect stem, axillary and solitary flowers, and funnelform corolla. A diagnosis, morphological description, illustrations, taxonomic notes, informal conservation status, distribution map, and an identification key are provided. Resumo É descrita uma nova espécie de Evolvulus ocorrente no Cerrado brasileiro, uma savana considerada hotspot de biodiversidade. Evolvulus aureus sp. nov. é similar a E. passerinoides, ambos ocorrem no Cerrado brasileiro e compartilham caule ereto (também decumbente em E. passerinoides), ramificado na base, folhas espiraladas, lâmina foliar plana com ápice agudo, base foliar redonda e flores axilares. Estas espécies são distinguidas pelo tipo de indumento e sua cor quando herborizadas, forma da lâmina foliar, visibilidade das nervuras secundarias, comprimento das sépalas e forma das anteras. Esta nova espécie é posicionada em E. sect. Passerinoidei baseada no caule ereto, flores axilares e solitárias, e corola infundibuliforme. Uma diagnose, descrições morfológicas, ilustrações, notas taxonômicas, estado de conservação informal, mapa de distribuição e uma chave taxonômica são apresentados.
{"title":"A New Species of Evolvulus (Convolvulaceae) with Golden Hairs from the Brazilian Cerrado","authors":"Diego Santos, C. Amorim, M. T. Buril","doi":"10.1600/036364423X16758873924153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423X16758873924153","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new species of Evolvulus from the Brazilian Cerrado, a savanna biodiversity hotspot, is described here. Evolvulus aureus sp. nov. is similar to E. passerinoides, both found in Cerrado, and share erect stems (also decumbent in E. passerinoides), branched at the base, leaves spiral, flat, with acute apex and leaf base rounded, and axillary flowers. They can be distinguished by the indument type and by its color when herborized, shape of the leaf blade, visibility of secondary veins, sepal length, and anther shape. This new species is circumscribed into E. sect. Passerinoidei based on erect stem, axillary and solitary flowers, and funnelform corolla. A diagnosis, morphological description, illustrations, taxonomic notes, informal conservation status, distribution map, and an identification key are provided. Resumo É descrita uma nova espécie de Evolvulus ocorrente no Cerrado brasileiro, uma savana considerada hotspot de biodiversidade. Evolvulus aureus sp. nov. é similar a E. passerinoides, ambos ocorrem no Cerrado brasileiro e compartilham caule ereto (também decumbente em E. passerinoides), ramificado na base, folhas espiraladas, lâmina foliar plana com ápice agudo, base foliar redonda e flores axilares. Estas espécies são distinguidas pelo tipo de indumento e sua cor quando herborizadas, forma da lâmina foliar, visibilidade das nervuras secundarias, comprimento das sépalas e forma das anteras. Esta nova espécie é posicionada em E. sect. Passerinoidei baseada no caule ereto, flores axilares e solitárias, e corola infundibuliforme. Uma diagnose, descrições morfológicas, ilustrações, notas taxonômicas, estado de conservação informal, mapa de distribuição e uma chave taxonômica são apresentados.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45228266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16758873924072
Oscar Hinojosa-Espinosa, D. Potter, J. Villaseñor
Abstract The genus Carminatia, which occurs from the southwestern United States to Central America, comprises annuals with cordate to broadly ovate leaves, paniculiform capitulescences that are often spike-like or narrowly raceme-like and with mostly fasciculate capitula, and a pappus of plumose bristles. We used nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS and ETS) and the plastid psbA-trnH spacer DNA sequences to estimate phylogenetic relationships among the species of Carminatia, which have not been fully investigated using molecular data to date. All of our analyses supported the monophyly of the genus and most of them supported Brickelliastrum as sister to Carminatia. The analyses also supported the recognition of a new species, C. balsana, which is confined to the Balsas Basin in Mexico. The new species is more similar to C. recondita, but has shorter capitula, corollas, and cypselae, and the capitula are oriented to more than one side of the capitulescence. An updated taxonomic revision of the genus, including morphological descriptions, a key to the species, distribution maps, and images is provided.
{"title":"Systematics of the Plumeweeds: The Genus Carminatia (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae)","authors":"Oscar Hinojosa-Espinosa, D. Potter, J. Villaseñor","doi":"10.1600/036364423X16758873924072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423X16758873924072","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The genus Carminatia, which occurs from the southwestern United States to Central America, comprises annuals with cordate to broadly ovate leaves, paniculiform capitulescences that are often spike-like or narrowly raceme-like and with mostly fasciculate capitula, and a pappus of plumose bristles. We used nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS and ETS) and the plastid psbA-trnH spacer DNA sequences to estimate phylogenetic relationships among the species of Carminatia, which have not been fully investigated using molecular data to date. All of our analyses supported the monophyly of the genus and most of them supported Brickelliastrum as sister to Carminatia. The analyses also supported the recognition of a new species, C. balsana, which is confined to the Balsas Basin in Mexico. The new species is more similar to C. recondita, but has shorter capitula, corollas, and cypselae, and the capitula are oriented to more than one side of the capitulescence. An updated taxonomic revision of the genus, including morphological descriptions, a key to the species, distribution maps, and images is provided.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44609511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1600/036364423x16758877666066
P. Raven
Peter Bernhardt’s (Fig. 1) volunteering for the Peace Corps in 1975, after he had completed his M.A. Studies at the State University of New York, Brockport, was an early indication of his deep interest in working with people. His Peace Corps assignment was in the small but diverse Central American country of El Salvador. There he worked for two years as a professor at the Universidad de El Salvador, studying orchids in particular, and floral ecology and phytogeography more generally. During that period, he and I began exchanging letters, and I have attempted to encourage him in the development of his remarkable career ever since. I became aware of his interest in scientific communication through an article that he prepared for Natural History Magazine dealing with the orchids that were growing within the boundaries of the poverty-stricken city of San Salvador. Peter was studying these orchids scientifically, but soon decided that he also needed to bring his findings to the attention of a wider audience to enrich their lives and help them understand the importance of preserving the beauty that was all around them. Subsequently, the excellent and entertaining expositions that Peter has produced for many years have helped many people to understand the importance of nature and to develop a desire to maintain it in their own surroundings and beyond. Returning from El Salvador, Peter worked for six months at The New York Botanical Garden, and then made the adventurous decision to travel to Australia to undertake his doctoral studies. He enrolled at the University of Melbourne, where he completed his Ph.D. degree in 1981. For the subsequent three years, he remained as a Research Fellow at the University. His lifelong affection for Australia began in those years, and has never deserted him. During those early years in Australia, Bernhardt initiated his impressive and prolonged series of studies of the floral constancy of bees and nectar-feeding birds and the reproductive systems of plants. Peter returned to the U.S. to take up an appointment in the Department of Biology at St. Louis University. In St. Louis, he published his first book of essays, the fascinating “Wily Violets and Underground Orchids: Confessions of a Botanist” (1989). When awarded tenure in 1990, he took up a two-year research leave at the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney, becoming a Research Fellow there for his second year. In all, his appointment at St. Louis University lasted 33years, a highly productive period for both innovative research and education during which he fostered relationships with the Missouri Botanical Garden. Although he and his wife still reside in St. Louis, their intention is to return to Melbourne and finish their life’s work there. At St. Louis University, Peter Bernhardt taught a variety of courses and mentored many students, helping them to understand such important aspects of floral biology as floral lifespan, pollen-stigma interactions, reproductive ecology of
{"title":"Peter Bernhardt—Recipient of the 2022 Peter Raven Award","authors":"P. Raven","doi":"10.1600/036364423x16758877666066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423x16758877666066","url":null,"abstract":"Peter Bernhardt’s (Fig. 1) volunteering for the Peace Corps in 1975, after he had completed his M.A. Studies at the State University of New York, Brockport, was an early indication of his deep interest in working with people. His Peace Corps assignment was in the small but diverse Central American country of El Salvador. There he worked for two years as a professor at the Universidad de El Salvador, studying orchids in particular, and floral ecology and phytogeography more generally. During that period, he and I began exchanging letters, and I have attempted to encourage him in the development of his remarkable career ever since. I became aware of his interest in scientific communication through an article that he prepared for Natural History Magazine dealing with the orchids that were growing within the boundaries of the poverty-stricken city of San Salvador. Peter was studying these orchids scientifically, but soon decided that he also needed to bring his findings to the attention of a wider audience to enrich their lives and help them understand the importance of preserving the beauty that was all around them. Subsequently, the excellent and entertaining expositions that Peter has produced for many years have helped many people to understand the importance of nature and to develop a desire to maintain it in their own surroundings and beyond. Returning from El Salvador, Peter worked for six months at The New York Botanical Garden, and then made the adventurous decision to travel to Australia to undertake his doctoral studies. He enrolled at the University of Melbourne, where he completed his Ph.D. degree in 1981. For the subsequent three years, he remained as a Research Fellow at the University. His lifelong affection for Australia began in those years, and has never deserted him. During those early years in Australia, Bernhardt initiated his impressive and prolonged series of studies of the floral constancy of bees and nectar-feeding birds and the reproductive systems of plants. Peter returned to the U.S. to take up an appointment in the Department of Biology at St. Louis University. In St. Louis, he published his first book of essays, the fascinating “Wily Violets and Underground Orchids: Confessions of a Botanist” (1989). When awarded tenure in 1990, he took up a two-year research leave at the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney, becoming a Research Fellow there for his second year. In all, his appointment at St. Louis University lasted 33years, a highly productive period for both innovative research and education during which he fostered relationships with the Missouri Botanical Garden. Although he and his wife still reside in St. Louis, their intention is to return to Melbourne and finish their life’s work there. At St. Louis University, Peter Bernhardt taught a variety of courses and mentored many students, helping them to understand such important aspects of floral biology as floral lifespan, pollen-stigma interactions, reproductive ecology of ","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45375050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.1600/036364423X16758877666039
P. Juárez, Oscar M. Vargas, Kathleen M. Kay
Abstract Costus flammulus is a new herbaceous species endemic to montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica. Costus flammulus has been mistaken for C. wilsonii, but phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that it is closely related to the widespread lowland species C. pulverulentus. Here, we use an integrated framework of species concepts to evaluate whether C. flammulus and C. pulverulentus are distinct species. First, we re-evaluate prior phylogenetic analyses to assess whether C. flammulus bifurcated from or budded off from within C. pulverulentus and whether C. flammulus is monophyletic. We then compare phenotypic traits to determine which diagnostic vegetative and inflorescence traits can be used to identify species in herbarium specimens and examine whether floral traits may confer floral isolation. We compare pollinator assemblages to examine whether pollinator specificity may contribute to reproductive isolation. Finally, we model species distributions and climatic niche overlap to assess ecogeographic isolation. We found that C. flammulus is a monophyletic species phenotypically, ecologically, and geographically distinct from C. pulverulentus and may have speciated as a peripheral isolate at the high elevation range edge of C. pulverulentus. Several lines of evidence, such as C. pulverulentus paraphyly, range size asymmetry, and C. flammulus' nested distribution and vegetative traits, suggest that C. flammulus budded off from a C. pulverulentus-like progenitor species, evolving to tolerate a colder and more seasonal montane environment.
{"title":"Ecological and Evolutionary Origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A New Species from the Montane Cloud Forests of the Volcanic Cordilleras in Northern Costa Rica","authors":"P. Juárez, Oscar M. Vargas, Kathleen M. Kay","doi":"10.1600/036364423X16758877666039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364423X16758877666039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Costus flammulus is a new herbaceous species endemic to montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica. Costus flammulus has been mistaken for C. wilsonii, but phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that it is closely related to the widespread lowland species C. pulverulentus. Here, we use an integrated framework of species concepts to evaluate whether C. flammulus and C. pulverulentus are distinct species. First, we re-evaluate prior phylogenetic analyses to assess whether C. flammulus bifurcated from or budded off from within C. pulverulentus and whether C. flammulus is monophyletic. We then compare phenotypic traits to determine which diagnostic vegetative and inflorescence traits can be used to identify species in herbarium specimens and examine whether floral traits may confer floral isolation. We compare pollinator assemblages to examine whether pollinator specificity may contribute to reproductive isolation. Finally, we model species distributions and climatic niche overlap to assess ecogeographic isolation. We found that C. flammulus is a monophyletic species phenotypically, ecologically, and geographically distinct from C. pulverulentus and may have speciated as a peripheral isolate at the high elevation range edge of C. pulverulentus. Several lines of evidence, such as C. pulverulentus paraphyly, range size asymmetry, and C. flammulus' nested distribution and vegetative traits, suggest that C. flammulus budded off from a C. pulverulentus-like progenitor species, evolving to tolerate a colder and more seasonal montane environment.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48928350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1600/036364422X16674053033930
E. Pessoa, Luciano Pedrosa
Abstract In this study we describe a new species, Epidendrum itacolomiensis, from the historically well collected region of the Itacolomi peak, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We compare the new species with taxa belonging to the E. proligerum complex. The new species has some of the smallest flowers of the complex and is similar to E. bothryanthum and E. parahybunense, but it is easily distinguished from them by the erect stems, the absence of a distinct ventral vesicle in the pedicellate ovary formed by an inflated cuniculus, and pale pink flowers. It also differs from E. bothryanthum by the entire lip. We also provide an illustration, photographs, and an identification key for the species complex. This study highlights that even extensively collected areas in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest may hide new orchid taxa.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1600/036364422X16674053033822
Cíntia Luíza da Silva Luz, J. Mitchell, D. Daly, Camila Bitencourt, Patrícia Maria Oliveira Pierre, S. Pell, J. Pirani
Abstract Schinus comprises 42 species distributed across a broad range of vegetation types in southern South America. The previous phylogenetic study recovered eight well-supported lineages in Schinus. The simple-leaved species were grouped in a strongly supported clade that was resolved into five internal clades, one of which is Schinus sect. Myrtifolia. This is a group with some species reaching the highest elevations attained by Anacardiaceae. The 11 species of this section are mostly endemic to Andean cloud forests from Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. Here, we present a taxonomic revision of Schinus section Myrtifolia and provide an identification key, descriptions of taxa including four new species: Schinus congestiflora, Schinus obliqua, Schinus tarijensis, and Schinus villosa, recognize a variety at species level and a new name at a new rank, as well as present synonyms and designate three lectotypes. We also include illustrations, distribution maps, comments on the taxonomy and nomenclature, preliminary conservation assessments, and pollen characterization for three species.
{"title":"Hidden Species of Anacardiaceae in the Andean Cloud Forests: A Revision of Schinus Section Myrtifolia","authors":"Cíntia Luíza da Silva Luz, J. Mitchell, D. Daly, Camila Bitencourt, Patrícia Maria Oliveira Pierre, S. Pell, J. Pirani","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16674053033822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16674053033822","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Schinus comprises 42 species distributed across a broad range of vegetation types in southern South America. The previous phylogenetic study recovered eight well-supported lineages in Schinus. The simple-leaved species were grouped in a strongly supported clade that was resolved into five internal clades, one of which is Schinus sect. Myrtifolia. This is a group with some species reaching the highest elevations attained by Anacardiaceae. The 11 species of this section are mostly endemic to Andean cloud forests from Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. Here, we present a taxonomic revision of Schinus section Myrtifolia and provide an identification key, descriptions of taxa including four new species: Schinus congestiflora, Schinus obliqua, Schinus tarijensis, and Schinus villosa, recognize a variety at species level and a new name at a new rank, as well as present synonyms and designate three lectotypes. We also include illustrations, distribution maps, comments on the taxonomy and nomenclature, preliminary conservation assessments, and pollen characterization for three species.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47743968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.1600/036364422X16674053033796
Tatiane Santana Silva, Matheus Martins Teixeira Cota, L. Borges, A. G. de Lima, M. Tomazello-Filho, J. G. Rando
Abstract Chamaecrista is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Traditionally, it has been divided into six sections, of which Chamaecrista sect. Absus is the largest, with 31 series. Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae comprises nine species. Chamaecrista setosa is the most widely distributed species, comprising four varieties, distinguished by the type and distribution of glandular trichomes, and the leaflet venation. Given the importance of leaflet venation in the delimitation of the taxa, here we performed a study of leaflet architecture of all species of the series and a more detailed morphological study for the Chamaecrista setosa complex. For the study of leaf architecture, 2D images of the leaflets were made using the Faxitron x-ray technique. The morphological studies were based on herbarium specimens. We present the details of the leaflet architecture for the species of Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae, and we propose nomenclatural changes for a variety of Chamaecrista setosa and some corrections to typifications. During our studies we also found a new species, Chamaecrista forzzae, which is morphologically similar to Chamaecrista setosa and Chamaecrista multiseta. It is here described and illustrated. Resumo Chamaecrista é um dos maiores gêneros da subfamília Caesalpinioideae em Leguminosae. Tradicionalmente é reconhecido seis seções, a maior destas é Chamaecrista sect. Absus com 31 séries. Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae compreende nove espécies, sendo Chamaecrista setosa a espécie mais amplamente distribuída e com quatro variedades distintas basicamente pelo tipo e distribuição dos tricomas glandulares e pela venação dos folíolos. Considerando a importância dada à venação foliolar na delimitação dos táxons, realizamos aqui um estudo da arquitetura foliolar para todas as espécies da série e um estudo morfológico mais detalhado para o complexo Chamaecrista setosa. Para o estudo da arquitetura foliolar, foram feitas imagens 2D dos folíolos usando a técnica de raio-x Faxitron. Os estudos morfológicos foram feitos com base em espécimes de herbário. Como resultados, detalhamos a arquitetura do folíolo para as espécies de Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae, propomos uma mudança nomenclatural para uma das variedades de Chamaecrista setosa e realizamos algumas correções nas tipificações. Durante nossos estudos, também encontramos uma nova espécie, Chamaecrista forzzae, morfologicamente similar à Chamaecrista setosa e Chamaecrista multiseta, aqui descrita e ilustrada.
{"title":"Morphological Studies of Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae (Leguminosae) with Emphasis on the Chamaecrista setosa Complex, Including a New Species","authors":"Tatiane Santana Silva, Matheus Martins Teixeira Cota, L. Borges, A. G. de Lima, M. Tomazello-Filho, J. G. Rando","doi":"10.1600/036364422X16674053033796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1600/036364422X16674053033796","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chamaecrista is one of the largest genera of Leguminosae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Traditionally, it has been divided into six sections, of which Chamaecrista sect. Absus is the largest, with 31 series. Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae comprises nine species. Chamaecrista setosa is the most widely distributed species, comprising four varieties, distinguished by the type and distribution of glandular trichomes, and the leaflet venation. Given the importance of leaflet venation in the delimitation of the taxa, here we performed a study of leaflet architecture of all species of the series and a more detailed morphological study for the Chamaecrista setosa complex. For the study of leaf architecture, 2D images of the leaflets were made using the Faxitron x-ray technique. The morphological studies were based on herbarium specimens. We present the details of the leaflet architecture for the species of Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae, and we propose nomenclatural changes for a variety of Chamaecrista setosa and some corrections to typifications. During our studies we also found a new species, Chamaecrista forzzae, which is morphologically similar to Chamaecrista setosa and Chamaecrista multiseta. It is here described and illustrated. Resumo Chamaecrista é um dos maiores gêneros da subfamília Caesalpinioideae em Leguminosae. Tradicionalmente é reconhecido seis seções, a maior destas é Chamaecrista sect. Absus com 31 séries. Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae compreende nove espécies, sendo Chamaecrista setosa a espécie mais amplamente distribuída e com quatro variedades distintas basicamente pelo tipo e distribuição dos tricomas glandulares e pela venação dos folíolos. Considerando a importância dada à venação foliolar na delimitação dos táxons, realizamos aqui um estudo da arquitetura foliolar para todas as espécies da série e um estudo morfológico mais detalhado para o complexo Chamaecrista setosa. Para o estudo da arquitetura foliolar, foram feitas imagens 2D dos folíolos usando a técnica de raio-x Faxitron. Os estudos morfológicos foram feitos com base em espécimes de herbário. Como resultados, detalhamos a arquitetura do folíolo para as espécies de Chamaecrista sect. Absus ser. Setosae, propomos uma mudança nomenclatural para uma das variedades de Chamaecrista setosa e realizamos algumas correções nas tipificações. Durante nossos estudos, também encontramos uma nova espécie, Chamaecrista forzzae, morfologicamente similar à Chamaecrista setosa e Chamaecrista multiseta, aqui descrita e ilustrada.","PeriodicalId":54438,"journal":{"name":"Systematic Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46193051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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