Joyce Meireles Pagoto, K. Massi, Fabiano Haddad Collard
Active restoration techniques, such as direct sowing, is an important strategy to benefit forest structure formation and to inhibit the exotic grasses invasion, which is an impediment to many restoration projects. The use of green manure in sowing can improve soil cover conditions and inhibit grasses. Thus, in this study we aimed to investigate the role of green manure canopy on invasive grass species’ cover and on growing of native species seedlings in direct sowing sites in the Southeast Atlantic Forest biome. We hypothesized that green manure would suppress the cover of exotic grasses and would benefit native species’ seedling growth. The study monitored six plots of 25 m x 4 m in a restored area (by direct sowing in pits) belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome, located in Cruzeiro municipality, in February 2021, June 2021 and January 2022. Measurements of individuals were the circumference at breast height and the plant height. We also inventoried per pit: canopy diameter, canopy cover and invasive grass cover. We found that a higher green manure canopy cover (regarding plant size and canopy) was responsible for decreasing invasive grass species cover, namely Brachiaria species. In addition, some species had higher canopy cover that suppressed invasive grasses more efficiently. We did not find a positive effect of green manure on native species seedling growth. However, the change from dry season to wet season in canopy cover, together with invasive grasses presence, negatively affected the growth of native species seedlings. These results provide important guidelines and indicate the role of the direct sowing technique for decreasing exotic grasses invasion and the establishment of native species. de espécies de gramíneas invasoras, nomeada espécies de Brachiaria . Além disso, algumas espécies apresentaram maior cobertura de dossel que suprimiu as gramíneas invasoras de forma mais eficiente. O estudo verificou que a adubação verde não beneficiou o crescimento de plântulas de espécies nativas. Foi observado que a mudança de estação seca para estação chuvosa na cobertura do dossel, juntamente com a presença de gramíneas invasoras, afetou negativamente o crescimento de mudas de espécies nativas. Esses resultados fornecem diretrizes importantes e indicam o papel da técnica de semeadura direta, especialmente relacionada à diminuição da invasão de gramíneas exóticas e estabelecimento de espécies nativas.
{"title":"Green manure cover effects on restoration success in Southeast Atlantic Forest biome","authors":"Joyce Meireles Pagoto, K. Massi, Fabiano Haddad Collard","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.18","url":null,"abstract":"Active restoration techniques, such as direct sowing, is an important strategy to benefit forest structure formation and to inhibit the exotic grasses invasion, which is an impediment to many restoration projects. The use of green manure in sowing can improve soil cover conditions and inhibit grasses. Thus, in this study we aimed to investigate the role of green manure canopy on invasive grass species’ cover and on growing of native species seedlings in direct sowing sites in the Southeast Atlantic Forest biome. We hypothesized that green manure would suppress the cover of exotic grasses and would benefit native species’ seedling growth. The study monitored six plots of 25 m x 4 m in a restored area (by direct sowing in pits) belonging to the Atlantic Forest biome, located in Cruzeiro municipality, in February 2021, June 2021 and January 2022. Measurements of individuals were the circumference at breast height and the plant height. We also inventoried per pit: canopy diameter, canopy cover and invasive grass cover. We found that a higher green manure canopy cover (regarding plant size and canopy) was responsible for decreasing invasive grass species cover, namely Brachiaria species. In addition, some species had higher canopy cover that suppressed invasive grasses more efficiently. We did not find a positive effect of green manure on native species seedling growth. However, the change from dry season to wet season in canopy cover, together with invasive grasses presence, negatively affected the growth of native species seedlings. These results provide important guidelines and indicate the role of the direct sowing technique for decreasing exotic grasses invasion and the establishment of native species. de espécies de gramíneas invasoras, nomeada espécies de Brachiaria . Além disso, algumas espécies apresentaram maior cobertura de dossel que suprimiu as gramíneas invasoras de forma mais eficiente. O estudo verificou que a adubação verde não beneficiou o crescimento de plântulas de espécies nativas. Foi observado que a mudança de estação seca para estação chuvosa na cobertura do dossel, juntamente com a presença de gramíneas invasoras, afetou negativamente o crescimento de mudas de espécies nativas. Esses resultados fornecem diretrizes importantes e indicam o papel da técnica de semeadura direta, especialmente relacionada à diminuição da invasão de gramíneas exóticas e estabelecimento de espécies nativas.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81125212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandiane Carla Krefta, Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha, M. A. Brand
Plywood panels are widely used in civil construction as forms for concrete, being produced, for the most part, by veneers of Pinus spp. and adhesive based on phenol formaldehyde resin. However, after several reuses, the panels tend to lose their original strength and stiffness characteristics due to continuous exposure to weather, water from the concrete composition and sunlight. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of coatings on the technological properties of non-structural plywood for outdoor use of Pinus spp., after exposure to adverse conditions of radiation, precipitation and condensation in an accelerated aging chamber. Twenty 18 mm thick commercial panels were used, divided into 5 groups according to the surface: (i) uncoated (control), (ii) oil, (iii) melamine resin, (iv) melamine film and, (v) tego film. From each group, 80 specimens were removed, of which each subgroup of 20 was subjected to 0, 10, 30 and 50 cycles of radiation, precipitation and condensation in an accelerated aging chamber, according to the procedures described in ASTM G154 (2006). After completion of the cycles, the determination of density, moisture content, strength and stiffness to static bending, and strength in bonding line shear was performed. Data were evaluated in a multifactorial way in parametric statistics through analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 95% probability of success, considering 5 factors (coatings) and four levels (0, 10, 30 and 50 cycles). The results demonstrated thar the panels of all treatments met the parameters recommended by the Brazilian Association of Mechanically Processed Wood (ABIMCI) up to 50 cycles, that is, the coatings applied and the exposure time to radiation, precipitation and condensation variables did not adversely affect the panels in terms of strength and stiffness.
{"title":"Influência do revestimento nas propriedades de painéis compensados não-estruturais de uso exterior submetidos à câmara de intemperismo acelerado","authors":"Sandiane Carla Krefta, Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha, M. A. Brand","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.29","url":null,"abstract":"Plywood panels are widely used in civil construction as forms for concrete, being produced, for the most part, by veneers of Pinus spp. and adhesive based on phenol formaldehyde resin. However, after several reuses, the panels tend to lose their original strength and stiffness characteristics due to continuous exposure to weather, water from the concrete composition and sunlight. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of coatings on the technological properties of non-structural plywood for outdoor use of Pinus spp., after exposure to adverse conditions of radiation, precipitation and condensation in an accelerated aging chamber. Twenty 18 mm thick commercial panels were used, divided into 5 groups according to the surface: (i) uncoated (control), (ii) oil, (iii) melamine resin, (iv) melamine film and, (v) tego film. From each group, 80 specimens were removed, of which each subgroup of 20 was subjected to 0, 10, 30 and 50 cycles of radiation, precipitation and condensation in an accelerated aging chamber, according to the procedures described in ASTM G154 (2006). After completion of the cycles, the determination of density, moisture content, strength and stiffness to static bending, and strength in bonding line shear was performed. Data were evaluated in a multifactorial way in parametric statistics through analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 95% probability of success, considering 5 factors (coatings) and four levels (0, 10, 30 and 50 cycles). The results demonstrated thar the panels of all treatments met the parameters recommended by the Brazilian Association of Mechanically Processed Wood (ABIMCI) up to 50 cycles, that is, the coatings applied and the exposure time to radiation, precipitation and condensation variables did not adversely affect the panels in terms of strength and stiffness.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79571358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thiago Wendling Gonçalves de Oliveira, R. Rubilar, C. Sanquetta, A. Corte, Daniel Bozo, A. Medina, O. Mardones, Verónica Emhart, Juan Jose Quiroga, Hector E. Valenzuela
Limited information exists on how small changes in soil water affect the physiological responses of eucalyptus and their relationship with productivity. This experiment evaluated physiological traits during decreased soil water and compared them with growth and water stress integral (WSI) of 22 eucalyptus genotypes with 1.5 years old. The experiment was conducted in sandy soil with low water holding capacity in Chile. Selected genotypes were Eucalyptus globulus, E. nitens, and E. nitens × E. globulus hybrids (E. gloni). Seasonal predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) was evaluated under well-irrigated conditions and after 40 days without irrigation. Subsequently, two sampling instances were considered for analysis, wellirrigated conditions M0 (470 days after planting) and 40 days without irrigation Mfinal (510 days after planting). During that period, we measured midday leaf water potential (Ψmd), leaf area index (LAI), diurnal changes in photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (gs). The broad range of WSI among genotypes indicated contrasting levels of accumulated water stress during early development. In fact, E. globulus presented 30% more water stress than E. nitens, and genotypes with the highest WSI showed the lowest growth. Between M0 and Mfinal, there was a reduction in An and gs in the morning and midday with small changes in the afternoon, and consequently, values of the intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) increased. The Ψmd showed small changes and we observed a large LAI increment for all genotypes. Changes in iWUE were more pronounced for genotypes with lower WSI, which suggested that these genotypes with lower accumulated water stress were more sensitive to changes in soil water, such as E. gloni genotypes allowing them to maintain high productivity.
{"title":"Changes in leaf physiology for eucalyptus genotypes with increase in integral water stress and its consequence for initial growth in central Chile","authors":"Thiago Wendling Gonçalves de Oliveira, R. Rubilar, C. Sanquetta, A. Corte, Daniel Bozo, A. Medina, O. Mardones, Verónica Emhart, Juan Jose Quiroga, Hector E. Valenzuela","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.09","url":null,"abstract":"Limited information exists on how small changes in soil water affect the physiological responses of eucalyptus and their relationship with productivity. This experiment evaluated physiological traits during decreased soil water and compared them with growth and water stress integral (WSI) of 22 eucalyptus genotypes with 1.5 years old. The experiment was conducted in sandy soil with low water holding capacity in Chile. Selected genotypes were Eucalyptus globulus, E. nitens, and E. nitens × E. globulus hybrids (E. gloni). Seasonal predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) was evaluated under well-irrigated conditions and after 40 days without irrigation. Subsequently, two sampling instances were considered for analysis, wellirrigated conditions M0 (470 days after planting) and 40 days without irrigation Mfinal (510 days after planting). During that period, we measured midday leaf water potential (Ψmd), leaf area index (LAI), diurnal changes in photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (gs). The broad range of WSI among genotypes indicated contrasting levels of accumulated water stress during early development. In fact, E. globulus presented 30% more water stress than E. nitens, and genotypes with the highest WSI showed the lowest growth. Between M0 and Mfinal, there was a reduction in An and gs in the morning and midday with small changes in the afternoon, and consequently, values of the intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) increased. The Ψmd showed small changes and we observed a large LAI increment for all genotypes. Changes in iWUE were more pronounced for genotypes with lower WSI, which suggested that these genotypes with lower accumulated water stress were more sensitive to changes in soil water, such as E. gloni genotypes allowing them to maintain high productivity.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87267684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ataídes Marinheski Filho, Sylvio Péllico Netto, S. Machado, A. Corte, A. Behling
Many forest companies in Brazil started using plots of varying sizes in their continuous forest inventories (CFI), mainly to avoid the effects of marginal trees and to obtain more consistent estimates in the CFI. Consequently it was quite important to present a comparison between the results of applying a sampling method in which trees are selected with probability proportional to a variable average area with the method in which the trees are selected with probability proportional to a fixed area plot. In this study, the theory for a sampling method was developed, in which a selection of a group of trees in a plot is done with probability proportional to a variable average area of occupation (PPVA) per 60 trees in a plot. The data is composed by 41 permanent plots from a forest inventory of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden in Santa Catarina, Brazil. In order to compare the PPVA method with the traditional fixed area method (PPA), the area was imaged with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), allowing to obtain a full list of living trees (census). For this fraction, 7 plots for PPVA method and 7 for the PPA method were also measured, allowing the comparison of the total volume obtained in the census with PPVA and PPA results. The total volume of the plot obtained as a function of the census, when compared to the PPVA method, did not present significant differences at the 99% probability level, while the fixed area method was statistically different at the 95% probability level, resulting in an overestimation of 7.5% higher than that found in the census. The PPAV sampling method provides parameter estimates for characterization of the forest population at a lower cost; it becomes more effective than sampling with fixed area plots, because they are practical and operationally easy for delimitation in the field, providing appropriate estimates and more accurate average occupational area for each individual tree (m2) in the population.
{"title":"Sampling method with proportional probability to variable areas in stands of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden in Brazil","authors":"Ataídes Marinheski Filho, Sylvio Péllico Netto, S. Machado, A. Corte, A. Behling","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.16","url":null,"abstract":"Many forest companies in Brazil started using plots of varying sizes in their continuous forest inventories (CFI), mainly to avoid the effects of marginal trees and to obtain more consistent estimates in the CFI. Consequently it was quite important to present a comparison between the results of applying a sampling method in which trees are selected with probability proportional to a variable average area with the method in which the trees are selected with probability proportional to a fixed area plot. In this study, the theory for a sampling method was developed, in which a selection of a group of trees in a plot is done with probability proportional to a variable average area of occupation (PPVA) per 60 trees in a plot. The data is composed by 41 permanent plots from a forest inventory of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden in Santa Catarina, Brazil. In order to compare the PPVA method with the traditional fixed area method (PPA), the area was imaged with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), allowing to obtain a full list of living trees (census). For this fraction, 7 plots for PPVA method and 7 for the PPA method were also measured, allowing the comparison of the total volume obtained in the census with PPVA and PPA results. The total volume of the plot obtained as a function of the census, when compared to the PPVA method, did not present significant differences at the 99% probability level, while the fixed area method was statistically different at the 95% probability level, resulting in an overestimation of 7.5% higher than that found in the census. The PPAV sampling method provides parameter estimates for characterization of the forest population at a lower cost; it becomes more effective than sampling with fixed area plots, because they are practical and operationally easy for delimitation in the field, providing appropriate estimates and more accurate average occupational area for each individual tree (m2) in the population.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80208210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matheus Favaro Moreira, A. Mendonça, Joci Neuby Alves Macêdo, E. M. Cunha
Tectona grandis L.f. has an extensive history of logging exploitation in Brazil but also presents a high potential for non-woody product use, when extracting diverse metabolic compounds from the plant. These compounds can be used as pH indicators when properly handled. The aim of this study was to manage Tectona grandis seedlings at different ages to produce a natural pH indicator. For preparing the pH indicator the following steps were taken: 1) Identification and determination of seedling extracts of Tectona grandis L.f. for application as acid-base indicator; 2) evaluation of plant age and extraction method on the acid-base indicator potential; 3) loss of the extracts acid-base indicator potential; and finally 4) use of the extract as pH indicator. All extracts from the seedlings’ vegetative parts changed color when exposed to acidic and basic solutions. However, leaves proved to be the best part for extraction. When the age and methods of obtaining the compound were evaluated, 120-days-old seedlings extracted with a solution of 96ºGL ethyl alcohol and water at 100ºC were found to be the most efficient. However, alcohol extraction reduced the loss of acid-base indicator potential. The best extract obtained by all factors analyzed in this study can be used as a substitute for the commercial indicator phenolphthalein. The alcoholic extract obtained from leaves of 120-days-old Tectona grandis seedlings can be used as pH indicator mostly for more alkaline substances (pH 9 - 14).
{"title":"Manejo de mudas de Teca e prospecção fitoquímica para avaliação do potencial indicador de pH","authors":"Matheus Favaro Moreira, A. Mendonça, Joci Neuby Alves Macêdo, E. M. Cunha","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.25","url":null,"abstract":"Tectona grandis L.f. has an extensive history of logging exploitation in Brazil but also presents a high potential for non-woody product use, when extracting diverse metabolic compounds from the plant. These compounds can be used as pH indicators when properly handled. The aim of this study was to manage Tectona grandis seedlings at different ages to produce a natural pH indicator. For preparing the pH indicator the following steps were taken: 1) Identification and determination of seedling extracts of Tectona grandis L.f. for application as acid-base indicator; 2) evaluation of plant age and extraction method on the acid-base indicator potential; 3) loss of the extracts acid-base indicator potential; and finally 4) use of the extract as pH indicator. All extracts from the seedlings’ vegetative parts changed color when exposed to acidic and basic solutions. However, leaves proved to be the best part for extraction. When the age and methods of obtaining the compound were evaluated, 120-days-old seedlings extracted with a solution of 96ºGL ethyl alcohol and water at 100ºC were found to be the most efficient. However, alcohol extraction reduced the loss of acid-base indicator potential. The best extract obtained by all factors analyzed in this study can be used as a substitute for the commercial indicator phenolphthalein. The alcoholic extract obtained from leaves of 120-days-old Tectona grandis seedlings can be used as pH indicator mostly for more alkaline substances (pH 9 - 14).","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86123698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. M. G. R. Diaz, Lucas Henderson de Oliveira Santos, João Paulo Sardo Madi, L. Molas, É. C. Souza, María Laura Quevedo Fernández, Sílvia da Luz Lima Mota, C. Sanquetta, S. P. C. Carvalho
Correlating vegetation data with environmental variables enables results that allow making inferences about the biological components present in these communities and thus contributing to their recovery. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is a correlation between soil variables, to determine whether these variables influence woody vegetation and which variables best explain this relationship. The study was carried out based on data obtained from the National Forest Inventory of Paraguay in 2015 in 5 forest strata: Dry Forest of the Chaco (BSCH), Sub-humid Flooded Forest of the Paraguay River (BSHIRP), Palmar Forest (BP), Sub-humid Forest of the Cerrado (BSHC) and Humid Forest of the Eastern Region (BHRO), totaling 36 ha sampled. Physical and chemical parameters of the soil and data of total height and diameter at 1.30 m in height (d 1.30 ) of all living shrub-arboreal individuals with d 1.30 ≥ 5 cm were used. For the sampled forest strata, the different soil variables influence the presence of the sampled species. Among soil variables, a strong positive correlation was observed between organic material and organic carbon, as well as silt and clay. In the BSCH, BSHC and BHRO strata, it was possible to attribute relationships between species and edaphic variables, where the edaphic variables that best explained these relationships were clay, sand, silt, organic material and organic carbon. indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos vivos d 1,30 ≥ 5 cm. Para os as variáveis do solo influenciaram espécies. as correlação material orgânico carbono orgânico, além BSCH, BSHC espécies edáficas que explicaram melhor essas relações foram argila, areia, silte, material orgânico e carbono orgânico. Palavras-chave: Estratos florestais; Análise multivariada; Inventário Florestal Nacional do Paraguai.
将植被数据与环境变量相关联，可以得出关于这些群落中存在的生物成分的推断结果，从而有助于它们的恢复。在此背景下，本研究的目的是评估土壤变量之间是否存在相关性，确定这些变量是否影响木本植被，以及哪些变量最能解释这种关系。基于2015年巴拉圭国家森林清查数据，对查科干林(BSCH)、巴拉圭河半湿润淹水林(BSHIRP)、棕榈林(BP)、塞拉多半湿润林(BSHC)和东部湿润林(BHRO) 5个森林层进行了36公顷的采样研究。利用土壤理化参数和海拔1.30≥5 cm的所有灌木乔木活个体在1.30 m (d 1.30)处的总高度和直径数据。对于采样森林地层，不同的土壤变量影响采样物种的存在。在土壤变量中，有机质与有机碳、粉土与粘土呈显著正相关。在BSCH、BSHC和BHRO地层中，物种与土壤变量之间的关系是可能的，其中最能解释这些关系的土壤变量是粘土、砂、粉土、有机质和有机碳。Indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos活体d 1,30≥5 cm。Para os as variáveis do solo influciaram espacacia。as correla 材料orgnico carbono org nico, al BSCH, BSHC espacencyas edáficas que explicaram melhor essas relações foram argila, area, silte，材料organnico e carbono org nico。palavras - have: eststratos florestais;注意multivariada;Inventário巴拉圭国家花卉节
{"title":"Relationship between woody vegetation and edaphic variables in natural forest formations of Paraguay","authors":"L. M. G. R. Diaz, Lucas Henderson de Oliveira Santos, João Paulo Sardo Madi, L. Molas, É. C. Souza, María Laura Quevedo Fernández, Sílvia da Luz Lima Mota, C. Sanquetta, S. P. C. Carvalho","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.21","url":null,"abstract":"Correlating vegetation data with environmental variables enables results that allow making inferences about the biological components present in these communities and thus contributing to their recovery. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is a correlation between soil variables, to determine whether these variables influence woody vegetation and which variables best explain this relationship. The study was carried out based on data obtained from the National Forest Inventory of Paraguay in 2015 in 5 forest strata: Dry Forest of the Chaco (BSCH), Sub-humid Flooded Forest of the Paraguay River (BSHIRP), Palmar Forest (BP), Sub-humid Forest of the Cerrado (BSHC) and Humid Forest of the Eastern Region (BHRO), totaling 36 ha sampled. Physical and chemical parameters of the soil and data of total height and diameter at 1.30 m in height (d 1.30 ) of all living shrub-arboreal individuals with d 1.30 ≥ 5 cm were used. For the sampled forest strata, the different soil variables influence the presence of the sampled species. Among soil variables, a strong positive correlation was observed between organic material and organic carbon, as well as silt and clay. In the BSCH, BSHC and BHRO strata, it was possible to attribute relationships between species and edaphic variables, where the edaphic variables that best explained these relationships were clay, sand, silt, organic material and organic carbon. indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos vivos d 1,30 ≥ 5 cm. Para os as variáveis do solo influenciaram espécies. as correlação material orgânico carbono orgânico, além BSCH, BSHC espécies edáficas que explicaram melhor essas relações foram argila, areia, silte, material orgânico e carbono orgânico. Palavras-chave: Estratos florestais; Análise multivariada; Inventário Florestal Nacional do Paraguai.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78272944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Longui, Caroline Caum, M. Tomazello-Filho, C. Lisi, F. Roig, C. R. Marcati
The parental effect on wood anatomy and growth rings of Cordia trichotoma trees was studied. Tree seeds of two provenances (Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes) were collected in 1986. Seedlings were planted, and after 25 years, twelve wood disks were collected from six trees from each provenance. Anatomical features and growth rings were analyzed according to standard techniques. Qualitative anatomy of wood indicated similarities between the two provenances, except for the presence of geniculate vessels found in woods from the Cerrado. However, the greatest differences in wood anatomy were quantitative. Provenances from Cerrado had wood with shorter vessel and fibers elements, less fiber lumen, less parenchyma per mm 2 , and more vessels per group than did provenances from the Atlantic Forest. Cross dating among the radial growth ring series was performed through visual and statistical procedures. The relationships between tree rings and meteorological records were performed through Pearson's correlation, and through dendro-climatic analysis that identified the end summer precipitation as the major factor affecting tree growth at inter annual timescale. The standard chronologies of tree-ring width series showed similarity between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest provenances, but with small differences in the juvenile period of live of trees. The rains that decreased between April and June associated with the gradual decrease in temperature may have reduced the cambial activity and caused the formation of tree rings with small differences between the two provenances. The results of this study are relevant for climate adaptive forestry: they emphasize the importance of heritability in the plasticity of certain features of wood anatomy related to the environmental conditions in which they grow, while the growth rate and its year-by-year variability show small differences. mostraram similaridade entre as procedências do Cerrado e da Mata Atlântica, mas com pequenas diferenças no período juvenil de vida das árvores. As chuvas que diminuíram entre abril e junho associadas à diminuição gradativa da temperatura podem ter reduzido a atividade cambial e ocasionado a formação de anéis das árvores com pequenas diferenças entre as duas procedências. Os resultados deste estudo são relevantes para a silvicultura adaptativa ao clima, e enfatizam a importância da herdabilidade na plasticidade de certas características da anatomia da madeira relacionadas às condições ambientais em que crescem, e a taxa de crescimento e sua variabilidade ano a ano também mostram pequenas diferenças. similar to for Prosopis flexuosa studied in a seasonal dry environment in Argentina and different from Tectona grandis from a seasonal dry environment in the central region of Brazil the occurrence of different types of false growth rings. alliodora tree-rings. Intra-annual density some in dating the also irregularity in width along the stem Tschinkel out that in C. alliodora the rings close
研究了亲本对木桐木材解剖结构和年轮的影响。1986年采集了两个种源(塞拉多和大西洋森林生物群系)的树木种子。种植幼苗，25年后，从每个种源的6棵树上收集了12个木盘。按标准方法分析解剖特征和生长环。木材的定性解剖表明，除了在塞拉多的木材中发现的膝状血管外，两个种源之间存在相似之处。然而，木材解剖结构的最大差异是定量的。来自塞拉多的种源比来自大西洋森林的种源具有更短的导管和纤维元素，更少的纤维管腔，每毫米2更少的薄壁组织，每组更多的导管。通过视觉和统计程序进行了径向生长环系列之间的交叉测年。树木年轮与气象记录的关系通过Pearson相关和树木气候分析得到，在年际时间尺度上，夏末降水是影响树木生长的主要因素。树木年轮宽度序列的标准年代学在塞拉多和大西洋林种源间表现出相似性，但在树木的幼年期差异较小。4月至6月间降雨减少，气温逐渐下降，可能降低了形成层的活性，造成了树木年轮的形成，但两种源间差异不大。本研究的结果与气候适应性林业相关:它们强调了与生长环境条件相关的木材解剖学某些特征的可塑性的遗传性的重要性，而生长速度及其逐年变异性显示出较小的差异。mostraram similaridade centre如procedências do Cerrado e da Mata atlntica, mas com pequenas different as no período juvenil de vida das árvores。作为chuvas diminuiram abril e之间junho associadas一diminuicao gradativa da temperatura podem ter reduzido一atividade形成层的e ocasionado formacao de aneis das arvores com pequenas高差之间作为dua procedencias。结果表明:①①森林栽培与气候适应性的关系;③森林栽培与气候适应性的关系;③森林栽培与气候适应性的关系;③森林栽培与气候适应性的关系;③森林栽培与气候适应性的关系;③森林栽培与气候适应性的关系;③森林栽培与气候适应性的关系;与在阿根廷季节性干旱环境中研究的弯曲Prosopis相似，与在巴西中部地区季节性干旱环境中研究的大构造(Tectona grandis)不同，假生长环的类型不同。alliodora只好。年际密度在年代学上也有一定的不均匀性，沿茎的宽度也有一定的不均匀性。Tschinkel表明，在C. alliodora中，靠近坑的年轮没有形成或不明显，这可以用来确定某些树木的第一个生命年轮。在偏心区，生长模式难以识别;黑兹利特(Hazlett)也显示了黄樟周长季节增长模式的差异，这种差异与树龄有关;季节雨量分布;生殖物候学，在较小程度上，还包括种植园的种子来源。
{"title":"Anatomical and tree rings differences in two provenances of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud. (Boraginaceae)","authors":"E. Longui, Caroline Caum, M. Tomazello-Filho, C. Lisi, F. Roig, C. R. Marcati","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.24","url":null,"abstract":"The parental effect on wood anatomy and growth rings of Cordia trichotoma trees was studied. Tree seeds of two provenances (Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes) were collected in 1986. Seedlings were planted, and after 25 years, twelve wood disks were collected from six trees from each provenance. Anatomical features and growth rings were analyzed according to standard techniques. Qualitative anatomy of wood indicated similarities between the two provenances, except for the presence of geniculate vessels found in woods from the Cerrado. However, the greatest differences in wood anatomy were quantitative. Provenances from Cerrado had wood with shorter vessel and fibers elements, less fiber lumen, less parenchyma per mm 2 , and more vessels per group than did provenances from the Atlantic Forest. Cross dating among the radial growth ring series was performed through visual and statistical procedures. The relationships between tree rings and meteorological records were performed through Pearson's correlation, and through dendro-climatic analysis that identified the end summer precipitation as the major factor affecting tree growth at inter annual timescale. The standard chronologies of tree-ring width series showed similarity between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest provenances, but with small differences in the juvenile period of live of trees. The rains that decreased between April and June associated with the gradual decrease in temperature may have reduced the cambial activity and caused the formation of tree rings with small differences between the two provenances. The results of this study are relevant for climate adaptive forestry: they emphasize the importance of heritability in the plasticity of certain features of wood anatomy related to the environmental conditions in which they grow, while the growth rate and its year-by-year variability show small differences. mostraram similaridade entre as procedências do Cerrado e da Mata Atlântica, mas com pequenas diferenças no período juvenil de vida das árvores. As chuvas que diminuíram entre abril e junho associadas à diminuição gradativa da temperatura podem ter reduzido a atividade cambial e ocasionado a formação de anéis das árvores com pequenas diferenças entre as duas procedências. Os resultados deste estudo são relevantes para a silvicultura adaptativa ao clima, e enfatizam a importância da herdabilidade na plasticidade de certas características da anatomia da madeira relacionadas às condições ambientais em que crescem, e a taxa de crescimento e sua variabilidade ano a ano também mostram pequenas diferenças. similar to for Prosopis flexuosa studied in a seasonal dry environment in Argentina and different from Tectona grandis from a seasonal dry environment in the central region of Brazil the occurrence of different types of false growth rings. alliodora tree-rings. Intra-annual density some in dating the also irregularity in width along the stem Tschinkel out that in C. alliodora the rings close","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79771900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Héctor Guerra-Arévalo, Diego Fernando Celis-Espinoza, Alfredo Iban Diaz-Visitación, Ana Lucia Milagros Vásquez-Vela, L. Arévalo-López, D. García-Soria, Jorge Manuel Revilla-Chávez, Carlos Abanto-Rodríguez, E. Arévalo-Gardini, Dennis del Castillo-Torres, W. Guerra-Arévalo
S. macrophylla is an important forest species with economic value, however its main problem is its ecological vulnerability to the attack of H. grandella . In this sense, the objective in this study was to determine the effect of A. indica and J. curcas in reducing the attack of H. grandella on S. macrophylla plants planted in agroforestry systems. For this, the basal diameter (mm), height of plant (cm), attacked plants (%), attacked stems (%), apices attacked (%), leaves attacked (%), survival and mortality of larvae were evaluated (%). The lowest percentage of attack of H. grandella in S. macrophylla plants was registered in the association S. macrophylla with T. cacao and A. indica and also in S. macrophylla with T. cacao and J. curcas , planted at 1 m x 3 m, with 0.95 and 2.85%, respectively. However, the greater survival and mortality of larvae of H. grandella was registered in the association S. macrophylla with T. cacao and in S. macrophylla with T. cacao and J. curcas with 90.20 and 88.89% respectively. Thus, the use of A. indica and J. curcas significantly promote the reduction of H. grandella attack on S. macrophylla plants planted in agroforestry systems.
大叶杉是一种重要的具有经济价值的森林树种，但其主要问题是对大叶杉的生态脆弱性。从这个意义上说，本研究的目的是确定籼稻和麻瓜在减少农林业系统中种植的大叶松对大叶松的攻击中的作用。测定了幼虫的基径(mm)、株高(cm)、侵染株(%)、侵染茎(%)、侵染根尖(%)、侵染叶(%)、存活率和死亡率(%)。大叶蝉侵染率最低的是大叶蝉与可可和籼稻的组合，以及大叶蝉与可可和麻瓜的组合(1 m × 3 m)，分别为0.95和2.85%。而大叶蚜与可可、与可可和麻瓜的幼虫存活率和死亡率分别为90.20%和88.89%，大叶蚜与可可和麻瓜的幼虫存活率和死亡率最高。综上所述，在农林业系统中，使用籼稻和麻疯树可显著减少大叶蚜对大叶蚜的侵害。
{"title":"Azadirachta indica y Jatropha curcas reducen el ataque de Hypsipyla grandella Zéller en Swietenia macrophylla King plantada en sistemas agroforestales","authors":"Héctor Guerra-Arévalo, Diego Fernando Celis-Espinoza, Alfredo Iban Diaz-Visitación, Ana Lucia Milagros Vásquez-Vela, L. Arévalo-López, D. García-Soria, Jorge Manuel Revilla-Chávez, Carlos Abanto-Rodríguez, E. Arévalo-Gardini, Dennis del Castillo-Torres, W. Guerra-Arévalo","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.10","url":null,"abstract":"S. macrophylla is an important forest species with economic value, however its main problem is its ecological vulnerability to the attack of H. grandella . In this sense, the objective in this study was to determine the effect of A. indica and J. curcas in reducing the attack of H. grandella on S. macrophylla plants planted in agroforestry systems. For this, the basal diameter (mm), height of plant (cm), attacked plants (%), attacked stems (%), apices attacked (%), leaves attacked (%), survival and mortality of larvae were evaluated (%). The lowest percentage of attack of H. grandella in S. macrophylla plants was registered in the association S. macrophylla with T. cacao and A. indica and also in S. macrophylla with T. cacao and J. curcas , planted at 1 m x 3 m, with 0.95 and 2.85%, respectively. However, the greater survival and mortality of larvae of H. grandella was registered in the association S. macrophylla with T. cacao and in S. macrophylla with T. cacao and J. curcas with 90.20 and 88.89% respectively. Thus, the use of A. indica and J. curcas significantly promote the reduction of H. grandella attack on S. macrophylla plants planted in agroforestry systems.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83770190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Schettino, L. Minette, Denise Ransolin Soranso, Roldão Carlos Andrade Lima
{"title":"Influência de fatores ergonômicos na produtividade do sistema homem-máquina na colheita florestal mecanizada","authors":"S. Schettino, L. Minette, Denise Ransolin Soranso, Roldão Carlos Andrade Lima","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87287164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Cassiano, Ísis da Silva Franco, Marina Shinkai Gentil Otto, C. Rodrigues, S. Ferraz
catchments a Abstract Fast-growing forest plantations can alter catchment hydrological dynamics and stream water quality, for example with turbidity increase after forest harvesting. It is essential that forest management operations be linked to the performance of environmental monitoring, making it possible to identify the magnitude of these changes and contributing to adaptive management aiming to reduce and/or mitigate such effects. The aim of this study was to assess if water quality parameters of native forest are suitable for use as a reference for hydrological monitoring of exotic forest plantations. The study evaluated the water quality values between catchments with Pinus plantation and native vegetation, comparing them with limits established in the legal framework (Resolution n° 357/2005). The results show that the values of the water quality parameters of the stream located in the Pinus plantation catchment are very similar to those observed in the native forest catchment, both of which are within the limits established by legal framework. Thus, for activities that promote few changes in physical-chemical parameters, such as in the case of forest plantations, it was observed that best water quality standard to be used as reference is the one established in streams under the influence of conserved native vegetation, whose geomorphological characteristics are similar, hence the importance of paired catchments. Therefore, the values observed in native forest catchment can serve as reference for establishing maximum permitted values (MPVs) that are more restrictive and consistent with the local reality of forest plantations. monitoramento O limites estabelecidos (Resolução Os resultados mostram que os parâmetros de qualidade da água do riacho localizado na microbacia com plantações de são muito semelhantes aos observados no riacho da microbacia de floresta dentro limites atividades alterações nos parâmetros físico-químicos, como o de o melhor qualidade utilizado influência características geomorfológicas microbacias floresta nativa de referência para o estabelecimento de valores máximos permitidos (VMPs) mais restritivos e coerentes com a realidade local das plantações florestais.
{"title":"Paired catchments with native vegetation as a reference for water quality in streams in forest plantation areas","authors":"C. Cassiano, Ísis da Silva Franco, Marina Shinkai Gentil Otto, C. Rodrigues, S. Ferraz","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v50.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v50.23","url":null,"abstract":"catchments a Abstract Fast-growing forest plantations can alter catchment hydrological dynamics and stream water quality, for example with turbidity increase after forest harvesting. It is essential that forest management operations be linked to the performance of environmental monitoring, making it possible to identify the magnitude of these changes and contributing to adaptive management aiming to reduce and/or mitigate such effects. The aim of this study was to assess if water quality parameters of native forest are suitable for use as a reference for hydrological monitoring of exotic forest plantations. The study evaluated the water quality values between catchments with Pinus plantation and native vegetation, comparing them with limits established in the legal framework (Resolution n° 357/2005). The results show that the values of the water quality parameters of the stream located in the Pinus plantation catchment are very similar to those observed in the native forest catchment, both of which are within the limits established by legal framework. Thus, for activities that promote few changes in physical-chemical parameters, such as in the case of forest plantations, it was observed that best water quality standard to be used as reference is the one established in streams under the influence of conserved native vegetation, whose geomorphological characteristics are similar, hence the importance of paired catchments. Therefore, the values observed in native forest catchment can serve as reference for establishing maximum permitted values (MPVs) that are more restrictive and consistent with the local reality of forest plantations. monitoramento O limites estabelecidos (Resolução Os resultados mostram que os parâmetros de qualidade da água do riacho localizado na microbacia com plantações de são muito semelhantes aos observados no riacho da microbacia de floresta dentro limites atividades alterações nos parâmetros físico-químicos, como o de o melhor qualidade utilizado influência características geomorfológicas microbacias floresta nativa de referência para o estabelecimento de valores máximos permitidos (VMPs) mais restritivos e coerentes com a realidade local das plantações florestais.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86704760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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