Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v49n132.15
W. C. Morais, J. Brito, Artur Queiroz Lana, A. F. Dias Júnior, J. Morais
Wood residues can go to waste due to a lack of knowledge of their properties. In order to contribute to the use of materials, the objective was to individually assess the physical and chemical characteristics of Amazonian wood waste. Due to the lack of information about most Amazonian tree species, Eucalyptus grandis was defined as a control treatment. The following tests carried out were: granule size, moisture, wood basic density, residuals bulk density, pH, total extractives, lignin, holocellulose, volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon, high and lower heating values and liquid energy density. The evaluated species presented different characteristics for the physical, chemical, and energetic tests of wood residues. In general, the Amazonian species showed superior characteristics in comparison to Eucalyptus grandis for energy production. Qualea paraenses, Cedrela sp., Dinizia excelsa, Ocotea cinerea and Buchenavia grandis need to be further investigated for energy purpose due to the low pH. Based on the data obtained, it would be recommended to adopt pre-treatments as a way to increase the energy performance of biomass.
{"title":"Investigating waste generated from logging in the Amazon for energy use","authors":"W. C. Morais, J. Brito, Artur Queiroz Lana, A. F. Dias Júnior, J. Morais","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v49n132.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v49n132.15","url":null,"abstract":"Wood residues can go to waste due to a lack of knowledge of their properties. In order to contribute to the use of materials, the objective was to individually assess the physical and chemical characteristics of Amazonian wood waste. Due to the lack of information about most Amazonian tree species, Eucalyptus grandis was defined as a control treatment. The following tests carried out were: granule size, moisture, wood basic density, residuals bulk density, pH, total extractives, lignin, holocellulose, volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon, high and lower heating values and liquid energy density. The evaluated species presented different characteristics for the physical, chemical, and energetic tests of wood residues. In general, the Amazonian species showed superior characteristics in comparison to Eucalyptus grandis for energy production. Qualea paraenses, Cedrela sp., Dinizia excelsa, Ocotea cinerea and Buchenavia grandis need to be further investigated for energy purpose due to the low pH. Based on the data obtained, it would be recommended to adopt pre-treatments as a way to increase the energy performance of biomass.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87637369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v49n132.04
Gleidson Guilherme Caldas Mendes, G. Santos, Aloisio Xavier, S. V. Martins, G. A. Souza, T. G. V. Martins, Raul Firmino dos Reis Neto
Vegetative propagation by grafting has been widely used to induce early flowering and fruiting in perennials. This study aimed to evaluate the grafting efficiency of seven native tree species in Brazil: Jacaranda mimosifolia, Handroanthus heptaphyllus, Swietenia macrophylla, Schinus terebinthifolius, Cariniana estrellensis, Poincianella pluviosa, and Hymenaea courbaril. The experiment was conducted from January to April 2018. Graft survival, shoot number, length, and circumference were determined at 50 and 90 days after grafting. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. Graft survival differed significantly between species. The highest survival rates were observed for J. mimosifolia, H. heptaphyllus, S. terebinthifolius, and S. macrophylla. Shoot length and circumference were higher in C. estrellensis and S. macrophylla, respectively. S. terebinthifolius and C. estrellensis had the highest shoot number, not differing from each other. These results indicate that the processes of scion/rootstock attachment, callus formation, and vascular tissue development were successful. Vegetative propagation of the studied tree species via grafting is effective and has good prospects for genotypes’ rescuing of and for hybridization.
{"title":"Grafting efficiency in Brazilian native tree species","authors":"Gleidson Guilherme Caldas Mendes, G. Santos, Aloisio Xavier, S. V. Martins, G. A. Souza, T. G. V. Martins, Raul Firmino dos Reis Neto","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v49n132.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v49n132.04","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetative propagation by grafting has been widely used to induce early flowering and fruiting in perennials. This study aimed to evaluate the grafting efficiency of seven native tree species in Brazil: Jacaranda mimosifolia, Handroanthus heptaphyllus, Swietenia macrophylla, Schinus terebinthifolius, Cariniana estrellensis, Poincianella pluviosa, and Hymenaea courbaril. The experiment was conducted from January to April 2018. Graft survival, shoot number, length, and circumference were determined at 50 and 90 days after grafting. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test. Graft survival differed significantly between species. The highest survival rates were observed for J. mimosifolia, H. heptaphyllus, S. terebinthifolius, and S. macrophylla. Shoot length and circumference were higher in C. estrellensis and S. macrophylla, respectively. S. terebinthifolius and C. estrellensis had the highest shoot number, not differing from each other. These results indicate that the processes of scion/rootstock attachment, callus formation, and vascular tissue development were successful. Vegetative propagation of the studied tree species via grafting is effective and has good prospects for genotypes’ rescuing of and for hybridization.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73485591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.18671/scifor.v49n132.06
W. L. Vieira, E. P. Amorim, M. Freitas, Francides Gomes da Silva Júnior, I. Guerrini, M. Rossi, E. Longui
Red Latosol (LV), Red Nitosol (NV) and Quartzarenic Neosol (RQ) have different physical and chemical characteristics, as well as water holding capacity. This study aimed to determine how such differences cause changes in wood density, extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents, as well as higher heating value (HHV), lower heating value (LHV) and useful heating value (UHV), in C. citriodora wood. Wood density was lower in NV. We observed differences in chemical constituents of C. citriodora wood in all three soil types. Trees in RQ and LV soils have higher HHV, LHV and UHV values than trees in NV soil. We concluded that wood produced from all three soils is suitable for use in the Brazilian bioenergy market based on HHV values between 16500 and 18000 kJ.kg-1. Studies in the literature describe extractives and lignin as positively related, while holocellulose is negatively related to calorific value. In our study, wood density seems to have had a greater influence on calorific results than chemical constituents. It is possible that better water and nutrient availability from NV soil compared to RQ and LV soils may have led to higher tree growth, resulting in lower density and, hence, lower calorific values.
{"title":"Effect of soil type on wood chemical constituents and calorific values of 33-year-old Corymbia citriodora","authors":"W. L. Vieira, E. P. Amorim, M. Freitas, Francides Gomes da Silva Júnior, I. Guerrini, M. Rossi, E. Longui","doi":"10.18671/scifor.v49n132.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v49n132.06","url":null,"abstract":"Red Latosol (LV), Red Nitosol (NV) and Quartzarenic Neosol (RQ) have different physical and chemical characteristics, as well as water holding capacity. This study aimed to determine how such differences cause changes in wood density, extractives, lignin and holocellulose contents, as well as higher heating value (HHV), lower heating value (LHV) and useful heating value (UHV), in C. citriodora wood. Wood density was lower in NV. We observed differences in chemical constituents of C. citriodora wood in all three soil types. Trees in RQ and LV soils have higher HHV, LHV and UHV values than trees in NV soil. We concluded that wood produced from all three soils is suitable for use in the Brazilian bioenergy market based on HHV values between 16500 and 18000 kJ.kg-1. Studies in the literature describe extractives and lignin as positively related, while holocellulose is negatively related to calorific value. In our study, wood density seems to have had a greater influence on calorific results than chemical constituents. It is possible that better water and nutrient availability from NV soil compared to RQ and LV soils may have led to higher tree growth, resulting in lower density and, hence, lower calorific values.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86526792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.14
D. D. S. Vieira, Karla Mayara Almada Gomes, Lizandra Elizeário dos Santos, Axa Figueiredo, B. O. Lafetá, M. Oliveira, J. Gama
Scientia Forestalis , 49 (131), e3617. https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v49n131.14 Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the floristic composition, diversity and structure of an Open Ombrophilous Forest, before and after harvesting, using the forest management systems in alternate strips (SAS) and the selective system (SS). The study was conducted at the Forest Management Unit of the MAGELA project, located in the municipality of Codó, state of Maranhão. The data were collected in six permanent plots of 50 m x 200 m located in the Annual Production Units (APU) 1 and 2, in which all trees with a diameter at 1.30 m from the ground (DBH) greater than or equal to 15 cm were measured, while trees with 5 cm < DBH <15 cm were measured in rectangular subplots of 5 m x 50 m. Data were collected on two occasions, namely: before (2001) and after (2004) the harvest. Species’ richness and diversity recovered, and even increased, after the application of the SAS and SS systems, but there were changes in species composition, as many new species were registered, while others were extinct. The community structure was extremely affected by the systems, as there were major changes in the ranking of the most ecologically important species. In the short term, the volume of SAS, after exploration, was greater than that registered for the SS, indicating that, probably, the APU submitted to the SS will
林业科学，49 (131)，e3617。摘要本研究采用交替林带(SAS)和选择性林带(SS)两种林带管理制度，对阔叶林采伐前后的区系组成、多样性和结构进行了评价。这项研究是在马兰赫奥州Codó市MAGELA项目的森林管理股进行的。数据采集于位于APU 1和APU 2的6个50 m × 200 m的永久样地，其中测量了距地直径1.30 m (DBH)大于或等于15 cm的所有树木，而5 cm < DBH <15 cm的树木则测量了5 m × 50 m的矩形子样地。数据分两次收集，分别是收获前(2001年)和收获后(2004年)。应用SAS和SS系统后，物种的丰富度和多样性有所恢复，甚至有所增加，但物种组成发生了变化，新登记的物种较多，而灭绝的物种较多。群落结构受系统影响较大，生态重要性物种的排序发生较大变化。在短期内，经过勘探，SAS的体积大于SS登记的体积，这表明APU很可能是提交给SS的
{"title":"Effect of two management systems on an open ombrophilous forest, Maranhão state, Brazil","authors":"D. D. S. Vieira, Karla Mayara Almada Gomes, Lizandra Elizeário dos Santos, Axa Figueiredo, B. O. Lafetá, M. Oliveira, J. Gama","doi":"10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.14","url":null,"abstract":"Scientia Forestalis , 49 (131), e3617. https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v49n131.14 Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the floristic composition, diversity and structure of an Open Ombrophilous Forest, before and after harvesting, using the forest management systems in alternate strips (SAS) and the selective system (SS). The study was conducted at the Forest Management Unit of the MAGELA project, located in the municipality of Codó, state of Maranhão. The data were collected in six permanent plots of 50 m x 200 m located in the Annual Production Units (APU) 1 and 2, in which all trees with a diameter at 1.30 m from the ground (DBH) greater than or equal to 15 cm were measured, while trees with 5 cm < DBH <15 cm were measured in rectangular subplots of 5 m x 50 m. Data were collected on two occasions, namely: before (2001) and after (2004) the harvest. Species’ richness and diversity recovered, and even increased, after the application of the SAS and SS systems, but there were changes in species composition, as many new species were registered, while others were extinct. The community structure was extremely affected by the systems, as there were major changes in the ranking of the most ecologically important species. In the short term, the volume of SAS, after exploration, was greater than that registered for the SS, indicating that, probably, the APU submitted to the SS will","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82920329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.22
Luiz Carlos Arias Araujo, Â. M. Leite, L. C. Freitas, M. Oliveira
apresentar perímetro linear para a distribuição das pilhas serviço corredor de árvores, rendimento operacional Abstract This study aims to analyze the operational performance of the grapple saw in Eucalyptus grandis Hill stands with and without the influence of ecological corridors, as well as to verify the feasibility of building a service branch for the grapple saw parallel to existing native vegetation. In the technical analysis, the operational efficiency, mechanical availability, and productivity of the machine were determined. In the financial viability analysis, the costs of the grapple saw in wood processing were determined by application in two projects (with and without the presence of an ecological corridor) and with the construction of a parallel service branch next to the native vegetation. The grapple saw showed high mechanical availability and operational efficiency in the two evaluated projects. The main factors that influence the duration of its operational cycle and productivity were the average volume per tree and average height of the wooden cuttings. The effective productivity of this machine was higher in the PG1 project (devoid of ecological corridors) because it has a larger linear perimeter for the distribution of wooden piles and consequently, their lower heights. The construction of a service branch parallel to the ecological corridor proved
{"title":"Operações de traçamento de madeira em povoamentos de eucalipto com a presença e ausência de corredores ecológicos: reflexos no rendimento e custos","authors":"Luiz Carlos Arias Araujo, Â. M. Leite, L. C. Freitas, M. Oliveira","doi":"10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.22","url":null,"abstract":"apresentar perímetro linear para a distribuição das pilhas serviço corredor de árvores, rendimento operacional Abstract This study aims to analyze the operational performance of the grapple saw in Eucalyptus grandis Hill stands with and without the influence of ecological corridors, as well as to verify the feasibility of building a service branch for the grapple saw parallel to existing native vegetation. In the technical analysis, the operational efficiency, mechanical availability, and productivity of the machine were determined. In the financial viability analysis, the costs of the grapple saw in wood processing were determined by application in two projects (with and without the presence of an ecological corridor) and with the construction of a parallel service branch next to the native vegetation. The grapple saw showed high mechanical availability and operational efficiency in the two evaluated projects. The main factors that influence the duration of its operational cycle and productivity were the average volume per tree and average height of the wooden cuttings. The effective productivity of this machine was higher in the PG1 project (devoid of ecological corridors) because it has a larger linear perimeter for the distribution of wooden piles and consequently, their lower heights. The construction of a service branch parallel to the ecological corridor proved","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76564172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.25
Izabelle Rodrigues Ferreira Gomes, Rosimeire Cavalcante dos Santos, R. Castro, G. B. Vidaurre, G. G. Silva, S. Rocha, C. P. S. Santos, S. E. D. L. Costa, M. A. D. Silva, Jéssica Lamonnielly Peixoto Epifânio de Lima
K. A. G., & Lima, J. L. P. E., (2021). Does spacing affect the production do Norte, Brazil? Scientia Forestalis , 49 (131), e3641. https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v49n131.25 Abstract Silvicultural treatments can significantly influence the productivity and quality of eucalyptus wood. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of plant spacing on the production of wood and wood energy of a clone of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus brassiana , at 4.5 years of age, planted in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, under different spacing. The volume was measured and discs were collected from three trees, discs were collected and removed in 10 positions of each tree (0%, DBH, 2.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%, 67, 5%, 75%, 85.5% and 100%) in the following spacing: 3 m x 0.5 m; 3 m x 1.5 m; 3 m x 3 m; 3 m x 5 m and 3 m x 6.5 m), totalling 15 trees and 150 discs. The wood production from 10 to 50 months of age, the basic density and energy production in the different spacing were studied. The 3 m x 1.5 m spacing provided greater volumetric production and average annual increment in all evaluations, while the 3 m x 3 m spacing promoted an increase in basic wood density of 10% in relation to the smallest spacing and 6% in relation to the largest spacing. For energy production, no significant difference was identified between the spacing. Thus, spacing in medium proportions are more appropriate when considering the basic density of the wood, but, if the objective is
K. A. G.， & Lima, J. L. P.，(2021)。间距对巴西北部的产量有影响吗?林业科学，49 (131)，e3641。https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v49n131.25摘要造林处理对桉树木材的生产力和质量有显著影响。研究了不同株距对巴西北里奥格兰德州尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus brassiana) 4.5岁无性系木材产量和木材能的影响。测量三棵树的体积并采集盘，在每棵树的10个位置(0%、胸径、2.5%、25%、37.5%、50%、67、5%、75%、85.5%和100%)采集和去除盘，间距为:3 m × 0.5 m;3米× 1.5米;3米× 3米;3米× 5米和3米× 6.5米)，共15棵树和150个圆盘。研究了10 ~ 50月龄的木材产量、不同间距下的基本密度和能量产量。在所有评价中，3 m x 1.5 m的间距提供了更大的体积产量和平均年增量，而3 m x 3 m的间距促进了基本木材密度的增加，相对于最小间距增加了10%，相对于最大间距增加了6%。对于能源生产，不同的间距之间没有显著差异。因此，在考虑木材的基本密度时，中等比例的间距更合适，但是，如果目标是
{"title":"Does spacing affect the production of clones for wood energy planted in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil?","authors":"Izabelle Rodrigues Ferreira Gomes, Rosimeire Cavalcante dos Santos, R. Castro, G. B. Vidaurre, G. G. Silva, S. Rocha, C. P. S. Santos, S. E. D. L. Costa, M. A. D. Silva, Jéssica Lamonnielly Peixoto Epifânio de Lima","doi":"10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.25","url":null,"abstract":"K. A. G., & Lima, J. L. P. E., (2021). Does spacing affect the production do Norte, Brazil? Scientia Forestalis , 49 (131), e3641. https://doi.org/10.18671/scifor.v49n131.25 Abstract Silvicultural treatments can significantly influence the productivity and quality of eucalyptus wood. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of plant spacing on the production of wood and wood energy of a clone of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus brassiana , at 4.5 years of age, planted in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, under different spacing. The volume was measured and discs were collected from three trees, discs were collected and removed in 10 positions of each tree (0%, DBH, 2.5%, 25%, 37.5%, 50%, 67, 5%, 75%, 85.5% and 100%) in the following spacing: 3 m x 0.5 m; 3 m x 1.5 m; 3 m x 3 m; 3 m x 5 m and 3 m x 6.5 m), totalling 15 trees and 150 discs. The wood production from 10 to 50 months of age, the basic density and energy production in the different spacing were studied. The 3 m x 1.5 m spacing provided greater volumetric production and average annual increment in all evaluations, while the 3 m x 3 m spacing promoted an increase in basic wood density of 10% in relation to the smallest spacing and 6% in relation to the largest spacing. For energy production, no significant difference was identified between the spacing. Thus, spacing in medium proportions are more appropriate when considering the basic density of the wood, but, if the objective is","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76081683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.06
M. Nicoletti, Bruno de Almeida Lima, Mariane Rodrigues Branco, Thiago Floriani Stepka
Manejo Florestal; Biometria florestal. Abstract The present work aims to compare 5 cubing methods, Hohenadl 5 and 10, Newton, Smalian and Huber in comparison with the xylometer to determine the shape factor of trees at the ages of 9, 13 and 20, in addition to the determination of the form factor of the first log into two different components. The study was carried out in a forest company in the municipality of Ponte Alta do Norte / SC, with a database consisting of about 30 trees each of different ages that were subjected to cubing by the different methods tested. The form factor for each cubed tree was determined and was obtained volume and the cylinder volume at 1.30 m from the cubed trees. To determine the form factor of the 1st point, Kozak's affiliation models and the product were defined considering the lengths of 2.50 and 3.05 meters, which were calculated from the adjusted R 2 statistic Syx%; the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to compare form factors at different ages was also performed. Through ANOVA, differences between the form factors of the calculation methods were detected at ages 9 and 13, but not at age 20; and through Dunnett test, Hohenadl 5 and Newton methods with media statistics in relation to the Xylometer; but at age 13 it was different from the Xylometer. Regarding age 20, although ANOVA does not show differences, Smalian shows the smallest deviation (%) with -3.56% and the others had a overestimated higher tendency. To determine the shape factor of the trees or the Kozak model, it performed better in relation to the statistical criteria, yielding an adjusted R 2 of 0.8293 and standard error of estimate of 9.49%. The first log form factor shows an average of 0.8136 and 0.8294 in lengths of 3.05 and 2.5 meters respectively. The use of the volume of the first log of the purchased ones, the form factor and the volumetric adjustment of the Kozak model are satisfactory, as they do not differ statistically. For age 9, the form factors of the Hohenadl 5 and Newton methods are indicated, and Smalian for age 20 for satisfactory results close to the Xylometer values.
控制Florestal;Biometria florestal。本工作旨在比较5种立方体方法，Hohenadl 5和10,Newton, Smalian和Huber与木质计的比较，以确定树木在9岁，13岁和20岁的形状因子，以及确定第一次原木的形状因子为两个不同的成分。这项研究是在Ponte Alta do Norte / SC市的一家森林公司进行的，该公司的数据库由大约30棵不同年龄的树木组成，这些树木通过不同的方法进行了测试。确定了每棵立体化树的形状因子，并获得了距立体化树1.30 m处的体积和圆柱体体积。为了确定第1点的外形因子，根据调整后的r2统计量Syx%计算出的长度为2.50米和3.05米来定义Kozak的隶属模型和产品;并进行方差分析(ANOVA)比较不同年龄的外形因素。通过方差分析，在9岁和13岁时发现了计算方法的形状因子之间的差异，而在20岁时则没有;并通过Dunnett法、Hohenadl 5法和Newton法对xyylometer进行介质统计;但在13岁时，它与木度计不同。对于20岁，虽然方差分析没有显示出差异，但Smalian的偏差最小(%)为-3.56%，其他的有高估的高倾向。在确定树木形状因子或Kozak模型时，它与统计标准的关系更好，调整后的r2为0.8293，估计的标准误差为9.49%。在3.05米和2.5米的长度上，第一个对数形式因子的平均值分别为0.8136和0.8294。使用购买的第一原木的体积，形状因素和Kozak模型的体积调整是令人满意的，因为它们在统计上没有差异。对于9岁的孩子，Hohenadl 5和Newton方法的形状因子被指出，对于20岁的孩子，Smalian的结果接近xyylometer的值。
{"title":"Quantificação do fator de forma por meio de diferentes métodos de cubagem em Pinus taeda L.","authors":"M. Nicoletti, Bruno de Almeida Lima, Mariane Rodrigues Branco, Thiago Floriani Stepka","doi":"10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.06","url":null,"abstract":"Manejo Florestal; Biometria florestal. Abstract The present work aims to compare 5 cubing methods, Hohenadl 5 and 10, Newton, Smalian and Huber in comparison with the xylometer to determine the shape factor of trees at the ages of 9, 13 and 20, in addition to the determination of the form factor of the first log into two different components. The study was carried out in a forest company in the municipality of Ponte Alta do Norte / SC, with a database consisting of about 30 trees each of different ages that were subjected to cubing by the different methods tested. The form factor for each cubed tree was determined and was obtained volume and the cylinder volume at 1.30 m from the cubed trees. To determine the form factor of the 1st point, Kozak's affiliation models and the product were defined considering the lengths of 2.50 and 3.05 meters, which were calculated from the adjusted R 2 statistic Syx%; the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to compare form factors at different ages was also performed. Through ANOVA, differences between the form factors of the calculation methods were detected at ages 9 and 13, but not at age 20; and through Dunnett test, Hohenadl 5 and Newton methods with media statistics in relation to the Xylometer; but at age 13 it was different from the Xylometer. Regarding age 20, although ANOVA does not show differences, Smalian shows the smallest deviation (%) with -3.56% and the others had a overestimated higher tendency. To determine the shape factor of the trees or the Kozak model, it performed better in relation to the statistical criteria, yielding an adjusted R 2 of 0.8293 and standard error of estimate of 9.49%. The first log form factor shows an average of 0.8136 and 0.8294 in lengths of 3.05 and 2.5 meters respectively. The use of the volume of the first log of the purchased ones, the form factor and the volumetric adjustment of the Kozak model are satisfactory, as they do not differ statistically. For age 9, the form factors of the Hohenadl 5 and Newton methods are indicated, and Smalian for age 20 for satisfactory results close to the Xylometer values.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80050298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.23
Bruno de Almeida Lima, M. Nicoletti, Thiago Floriani Stepka, S. D. P. C. E. Carvalho, L. O. Melo, Girlene da Silva Cruz
sustentável; Inventário contínuo; Floresta terra firme. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the changes that occurred in floristic composition, species diversity and forest structure after subjecting the forest to reduced impact exploration in the Tapajos National Forest, Pará. The data were obtained in permanent plots (2500 m 2 ) installed in 3 Annual Production Units (APU n ° 2, 3 and 5) that were explored in 2007, 2008 and 2010 in APUs. The Inventories occurred on 4 occasions: the first before logging and the remaining after each logging. Data collected were the diameter at breast height, measured at 1.3 m above the soil (dbh) equal to or greater than 10 cm. Subsequently the floristic composition and diversity was evaluated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H ') by phytosociological estimators (Density, Basal Area and Volume). analyzed variables were calculated between the successive settings to 95% of probability; where significant differences were found the Tukey test ( α = 0.05) was applied. Throughout the evaluated period, an average of 135, 160, 159 species were recorded in APUs 2, 3 and 5, respectively. The family with the greatest floristic wealth was Fabaceae in all registrations in the 3 APUs. The diversity index (H ') was considered high even after the EIR with values ranging from 4.10 to 4.35. After logging, the estimators obtained dropped in values, recovering over the years. The ANOVA indicated a significant difference only in the tree density (tree.ha -1 ) in the APUs 2. The logging applied in the APUs minimized the damage to the remaining trees due to the moderate cutting intensity. The behavior of the forest allows us to infer that its recovery to pre-sustainability EIR values, is achieved ahead of the next cutting cycle; therefore not compromising the timber production.
{"title":"Efeitos da exploração de impacto reduzido (EIR) na composição florística e estrutura de uma floresta ombrófila densa na Amazônia Brasileira","authors":"Bruno de Almeida Lima, M. Nicoletti, Thiago Floriani Stepka, S. D. P. C. E. Carvalho, L. O. Melo, Girlene da Silva Cruz","doi":"10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.23","url":null,"abstract":"sustentável; Inventário contínuo; Floresta terra firme. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the changes that occurred in floristic composition, species diversity and forest structure after subjecting the forest to reduced impact exploration in the Tapajos National Forest, Pará. The data were obtained in permanent plots (2500 m 2 ) installed in 3 Annual Production Units (APU n ° 2, 3 and 5) that were explored in 2007, 2008 and 2010 in APUs. The Inventories occurred on 4 occasions: the first before logging and the remaining after each logging. Data collected were the diameter at breast height, measured at 1.3 m above the soil (dbh) equal to or greater than 10 cm. Subsequently the floristic composition and diversity was evaluated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H ') by phytosociological estimators (Density, Basal Area and Volume). analyzed variables were calculated between the successive settings to 95% of probability; where significant differences were found the Tukey test ( α = 0.05) was applied. Throughout the evaluated period, an average of 135, 160, 159 species were recorded in APUs 2, 3 and 5, respectively. The family with the greatest floristic wealth was Fabaceae in all registrations in the 3 APUs. The diversity index (H ') was considered high even after the EIR with values ranging from 4.10 to 4.35. After logging, the estimators obtained dropped in values, recovering over the years. The ANOVA indicated a significant difference only in the tree density (tree.ha -1 ) in the APUs 2. The logging applied in the APUs minimized the damage to the remaining trees due to the moderate cutting intensity. The behavior of the forest allows us to infer that its recovery to pre-sustainability EIR values, is achieved ahead of the next cutting cycle; therefore not compromising the timber production.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88487710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.11
Diego dos Santos Vieira, M. Oliveira, J. R. Gama, Axa Emanuelle Simões Figueiredo, Bruno Oliveira Lafetá
espacial, distribuição diamétrica, cumaru, Amazônia. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the diametric structure and spatial distribution of Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. (cumaru), in western Pará State, Brazil. The study was carried out in nine Work Units of 100 ha each, inserted in the Annual Production Area nº 8. The studied areas belong to the Tapajós National Forest Mixed Cooperative, municipality of Belterra. We collected the data through a 100% inventory, with mapping of all individuals with a diameter at 1.30 m above the ground (DAP) equal to or greater than 20 cm. The diametric structure was obtained through multivariate analysis. From this structure, we tested five probabilistic density functions (Weibull-3P, Gamma, Normal, Lognormal, and Exponential). The adjustment was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov histograms. The spatial distribution was obtained using Ripley's K function. The species had a diametric distribution tending to be normal for individuals with DAP ≥ 20 cm. This suggests problems of regeneration, probably caused by the boom in the collection of cumaru seed in the 1940s; low number of adults with high regenerative capacity and extremely low recruitment percentage. The spatial distribution of cumaru is predominantly random - probably due to the species' life cycle: as the individuals grow, the distribution becomes more random. The cumaru boom is another hypothesis that supports randomness. Seed collection may have affected the emergence of new individuals that would be responsible for the expected aggregation for the species.
{"title":"Estrutura diamétrica e distribuição espacial de Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. no oeste do estado do Pará, Brasil","authors":"Diego dos Santos Vieira, M. Oliveira, J. R. Gama, Axa Emanuelle Simões Figueiredo, Bruno Oliveira Lafetá","doi":"10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.11","url":null,"abstract":"espacial, distribuição diamétrica, cumaru, Amazônia. Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the diametric structure and spatial distribution of Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. (cumaru), in western Pará State, Brazil. The study was carried out in nine Work Units of 100 ha each, inserted in the Annual Production Area nº 8. The studied areas belong to the Tapajós National Forest Mixed Cooperative, municipality of Belterra. We collected the data through a 100% inventory, with mapping of all individuals with a diameter at 1.30 m above the ground (DAP) equal to or greater than 20 cm. The diametric structure was obtained through multivariate analysis. From this structure, we tested five probabilistic density functions (Weibull-3P, Gamma, Normal, Lognormal, and Exponential). The adjustment was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov histograms. The spatial distribution was obtained using Ripley's K function. The species had a diametric distribution tending to be normal for individuals with DAP ≥ 20 cm. This suggests problems of regeneration, probably caused by the boom in the collection of cumaru seed in the 1940s; low number of adults with high regenerative capacity and extremely low recruitment percentage. The spatial distribution of cumaru is predominantly random - probably due to the species' life cycle: as the individuals grow, the distribution becomes more random. The cumaru boom is another hypothesis that supports randomness. Seed collection may have affected the emergence of new individuals that would be responsible for the expected aggregation for the species.","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88788821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.05
Andrey Pereira Acosta, Henrique Römer Schulz, M. Junior, Ezequiel Gallio, D. A. Gatto
{"title":"Propriedades termoquímicas e físico-mecânicas de Eucalyptus grandis polimerizado in situ com MMA","authors":"Andrey Pereira Acosta, Henrique Römer Schulz, M. Junior, Ezequiel Gallio, D. A. Gatto","doi":"10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18671/SCIFOR.V49N131.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54443,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Forestalis","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87377164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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