Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01204-x
Fernando Pirani, Stefano Falcinelli, Franco Vecchiocattivi, Vincenzo Aquilanti, Annarita Laricchiuta, Gianpiero Colonna, Mario Capitelli
Abstract This study concerns the importance of the precursor (or pre-reactive) state of elementary physicochemical processes whose basic features, as structure, stability, and trapping effect of reagents, are controlled by the balance of intermolecular forces that arise at long range and operate at intermediate and short separation distances. The detailed formulation of such forces, determining formation probability and dynamical evolution of the precursor state, is of relevance in molecular science and difficult to be treated by quantum chemistry. Such a problem has been tackled by us exploiting the phenomenological approach, which employs semi-empirical and empirical formulas to represent strength, range and angular dependence of the leading interaction components involved. In addition to the study of transport phenomena, part of the attention is addressed to chemi-ionization (or Penning ionization) reactions for which neutral reagents lead to atomic and/or molecular ions plus electrons as products. Chemi-ionizations are bimolecular processes occurring in several environments of interest, where a reagent is a species, formed in excited-metastable electronic states by collisions with energetic electrons or cosmic rays. For such reactions all crucial electronic rearrangements, affecting stability and evolution of the weakly bound precursor state, here coincident with the reaction transition state, are characterized with a high detail. The results of the present study are of interest for many other processes, whose precursor states and their relevant features are difficult to characterize, often masked by several other effects. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Intermolecular interactions and the weakly bound precursor states of elementary physicochemical processes","authors":"Fernando Pirani, Stefano Falcinelli, Franco Vecchiocattivi, Vincenzo Aquilanti, Annarita Laricchiuta, Gianpiero Colonna, Mario Capitelli","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01204-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01204-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study concerns the importance of the precursor (or pre-reactive) state of elementary physicochemical processes whose basic features, as structure, stability, and trapping effect of reagents, are controlled by the balance of intermolecular forces that arise at long range and operate at intermediate and short separation distances. The detailed formulation of such forces, determining formation probability and dynamical evolution of the precursor state, is of relevance in molecular science and difficult to be treated by quantum chemistry. Such a problem has been tackled by us exploiting the phenomenological approach, which employs semi-empirical and empirical formulas to represent strength, range and angular dependence of the leading interaction components involved. In addition to the study of transport phenomena, part of the attention is addressed to chemi-ionization (or Penning ionization) reactions for which neutral reagents lead to atomic and/or molecular ions plus electrons as products. Chemi-ionizations are bimolecular processes occurring in several environments of interest, where a reagent is a species, formed in excited-metastable electronic states by collisions with energetic electrons or cosmic rays. For such reactions all crucial electronic rearrangements, affecting stability and evolution of the weakly bound precursor state, here coincident with the reaction transition state, are characterized with a high detail. The results of the present study are of interest for many other processes, whose precursor states and their relevant features are difficult to characterize, often masked by several other effects. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-05DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01207-8
Neha Jaiswal, Awanish Kumar
Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen that can cause a range of infections, from superficial mucosal infections to invasive systemic infections, particularly in individuals with immunocompromised systems. The antimicrobial potential of human secretory and excretory fluids is known; however, relatively less attention has been paid to their antifungal potential. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular constituents and antifungal properties of human secretory and excretory fluids against human fungal pathogen C. albicans to develop new strategies for combating the disease Candidiasis and enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between the host and pathogen. In this review, we discuss the potential antifungal molecules found in human saliva, vaginal fluid, cerumen, and urine. We also discussed the potential mechanisms of action of various antimicrobial peptides found in sweat, such as dermcidin and cathelicidin, and their potential as therapeutic agents against fungal infections. We have reviewed the information on anti-candidal molecules present in cerebrospinal fluid, cerumen, lacrimal fluid, sIgA, intestinal mucous, milk, saliva, seminal fluid, sweat, urine, etc. that would be very useful in a clinical context and futuristic biotherapeutic antifungal molecules.
{"title":"Human secretory and excretory fluids, molecular constituents, and their biotherapeutic perspective against fungal pathogen Candida albicans","authors":"Neha Jaiswal, Awanish Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01207-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01207-8","url":null,"abstract":"Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen that can cause a range of infections, from superficial mucosal infections to invasive systemic infections, particularly in individuals with immunocompromised systems. The antimicrobial potential of human secretory and excretory fluids is known; however, relatively less attention has been paid to their antifungal potential. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular constituents and antifungal properties of human secretory and excretory fluids against human fungal pathogen C. albicans to develop new strategies for combating the disease Candidiasis and enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between the host and pathogen. In this review, we discuss the potential antifungal molecules found in human saliva, vaginal fluid, cerumen, and urine. We also discussed the potential mechanisms of action of various antimicrobial peptides found in sweat, such as dermcidin and cathelicidin, and their potential as therapeutic agents against fungal infections. We have reviewed the information on anti-candidal molecules present in cerebrospinal fluid, cerumen, lacrimal fluid, sIgA, intestinal mucous, milk, saliva, seminal fluid, sweat, urine, etc. that would be very useful in a clinical context and futuristic biotherapeutic antifungal molecules.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"136 29","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135725183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01201-0
Nursaç Serda Kaya, Sena Pacci, Inci Demirağ Turan, Mehmet Serhat Odabas, Orhan Dengiz
The pressure on the lands has increased with the dramatic increase in the world population in the last century. Erosion which is a natural process has become a serious artificial concern with this growing pressure. Especially, most of the farmlands in Turkey are particularly affected by erosion. In the current study, it is aimed to determine erosion risk index classes and generate their maps using F-AHP and ANN approaches applied for the estimate of soil erosion risk index (ERI). In addition, these approaches were associated with GIS and geostatistical techniques based on seven soil erosion indicators in Sinop Province including humid and sub-humid coastal environmental ecosystems in the central Black Sea Region of Turkey. In this research, vegetation cover, land use, soil depth, erosivity (precipitation), erodibility (USLE-K), slope (%), and parent material/geology were used as input data by taking into consideration of several literature reviews. According to study results, index values of ERIF-AHP and ERIANN classes were determined quite close to each other. The soil erosion risk index for Sinop province in Turkey indicates that less than 35% of the study area has a low and very low erosion risk area (34.3%), 32.4% is of moderate soil erosion risk area and about 33.2% of the area has high and very high erosion risk when based on F-AHP method. In addition, as for ERIANN, high and very high erosion risk classes made up 30.9% of the total area, while low- and very-low-risk classes made up 37.3%.
{"title":"Comparing geographic information systems-based fuzzy-analytic hierarchical process approach and artificial neural network to characterize soil erosion risk indexes","authors":"Nursaç Serda Kaya, Sena Pacci, Inci Demirağ Turan, Mehmet Serhat Odabas, Orhan Dengiz","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01201-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01201-0","url":null,"abstract":"The pressure on the lands has increased with the dramatic increase in the world population in the last century. Erosion which is a natural process has become a serious artificial concern with this growing pressure. Especially, most of the farmlands in Turkey are particularly affected by erosion. In the current study, it is aimed to determine erosion risk index classes and generate their maps using F-AHP and ANN approaches applied for the estimate of soil erosion risk index (ERI). In addition, these approaches were associated with GIS and geostatistical techniques based on seven soil erosion indicators in Sinop Province including humid and sub-humid coastal environmental ecosystems in the central Black Sea Region of Turkey. In this research, vegetation cover, land use, soil depth, erosivity (precipitation), erodibility (USLE-K), slope (%), and parent material/geology were used as input data by taking into consideration of several literature reviews. According to study results, index values of ERIF-AHP and ERIANN classes were determined quite close to each other. The soil erosion risk index for Sinop province in Turkey indicates that less than 35% of the study area has a low and very low erosion risk area (34.3%), 32.4% is of moderate soil erosion risk area and about 33.2% of the area has high and very high erosion risk when based on F-AHP method. In addition, as for ERIANN, high and very high erosion risk classes made up 30.9% of the total area, while low- and very-low-risk classes made up 37.3%.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"8 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01202-z
Sevim İpek Acar-Cömert, Mehmet Özcan, Hakan Eskizengin, Nursel Gül
This study investigated vitamin E’s protective effects against spinosad-induced damage in adult male Wistar albino rats. Rats were administered vitamin E (200 mg/kg) and different spinosad doses (9 mg/kg and 37.38 mg/kg) orally. Intestinal tissues were collected for analysis on the first, third, and seventh days after administration. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and total glutathione (GSH) levels were quantified, and the structures of columnar epithelial cells in small intestine tissue were observed. Light, fluorescent, and electron microscope showed cell damage, such as deterioration in chromatin distribution and nuclear morphology, cell separation, large numbers of goblet cells, and impaired villus structure, in tissues collected from rats treated with spinosad compared to control rats. However, vitamin E ameliorated intestinal columnar cell damage. While GSH levels were lower in the 37.38 mg/kg spinosad group on all assay days, there was no significant difference in the 9 mg/kg spinosad group. The administration of vitamin E decreased in the 37.38 mg/kg spinosad group after the first day. The GSH levels in the 37.38 mg/kg spinosad with vitamin E group were lower than in the control group on the third and seventh days. However, while MDA levels were higher in the 37.38 mg/kg spinosad group on all assay days, there was no significant difference in the 9 mg/kg spinosad group. Nevertheless, MDA levels were higher in the 37.38 mg/kg Spinosad with vitamin E group compared to the control group on the third and seventh days. This study’s findings highlight the need for further studies on spinosad and the protective role of antioxidants.
{"title":"Protective effects of vitamin E on spinosad-induced small intestine damage in rats","authors":"Sevim İpek Acar-Cömert, Mehmet Özcan, Hakan Eskizengin, Nursel Gül","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01202-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01202-z","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated vitamin E’s protective effects against spinosad-induced damage in adult male Wistar albino rats. Rats were administered vitamin E (200 mg/kg) and different spinosad doses (9 mg/kg and 37.38 mg/kg) orally. Intestinal tissues were collected for analysis on the first, third, and seventh days after administration. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and total glutathione (GSH) levels were quantified, and the structures of columnar epithelial cells in small intestine tissue were observed. Light, fluorescent, and electron microscope showed cell damage, such as deterioration in chromatin distribution and nuclear morphology, cell separation, large numbers of goblet cells, and impaired villus structure, in tissues collected from rats treated with spinosad compared to control rats. However, vitamin E ameliorated intestinal columnar cell damage. While GSH levels were lower in the 37.38 mg/kg spinosad group on all assay days, there was no significant difference in the 9 mg/kg spinosad group. The administration of vitamin E decreased in the 37.38 mg/kg spinosad group after the first day. The GSH levels in the 37.38 mg/kg spinosad with vitamin E group were lower than in the control group on the third and seventh days. However, while MDA levels were higher in the 37.38 mg/kg spinosad group on all assay days, there was no significant difference in the 9 mg/kg spinosad group. Nevertheless, MDA levels were higher in the 37.38 mg/kg Spinosad with vitamin E group compared to the control group on the third and seventh days. This study’s findings highlight the need for further studies on spinosad and the protective role of antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"75 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01199-5
Matheus A. R. Nogueira-da-Silva, Nayara D. Coutinho, Wender A. da Silva, Valter H. Carvalho-Silva
{"title":"Quantum chemistry and metadynamics study of kinetic routes to alanine formation by CO or CO2 insertions in E- or Z-ethanimine isomers","authors":"Matheus A. R. Nogueira-da-Silva, Nayara D. Coutinho, Wender A. da Silva, Valter H. Carvalho-Silva","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01199-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01199-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01200-1
Hailah M. Almohaimeed, Waheeb S. Aggad, Rasha Assiri
Chronic liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induces liver fibrosis, which can escalate to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study investigated emodin’s impact on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and inflammation in mice, along with its underlying mechanisms. While previous studies have acknowledged CCl4's role in liver fibrosis, the potential therapeutic value of emodin remains inadequately explored. The study sought to bridge this gap by assessing morphological changes and molecular mechanisms contributing to CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and investigating emodin's potential therapeutic effects. Thirty male albino rats were split into three groups (n = 10 each), undergoing an 8-week CCl4 regimen, supplemented by emodin during the final 2 weeks. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses were performed on liver tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as enzyme-level assessments, exposed significant liver damage and elevated liver enzyme levels due to CCl4 exposure. In contrast, emodin administration resulted in reduced enzyme levels, indicating potential therapeutic benefits for liver function. Molecular analysis revealed increased mRNA expression of markers like SMAD4, α-SMA, TGF, MDA, Nrf2, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α due to CCl4. However, combined emodin and CCl4 treatment downregulated these genes and upregulated anti-inflammatory markers IL-1β and IL-10, alongside hepatic and cancer-specific markers like HNF-α, albumin, p53, and AFP. These findings suggest emodin as a therapeutic agent for mitigating CCl4-induced liver damage and inflammation. Emodin's regulation of the TGFβ/Smad4 pathway plays a pivotal role in attenuating liver fibrosis and inflammation caused by CCl4. Consequently, this study bridges the gap between animal studies and potential clinical applications, providing crucial insights for future therapeutic strategies addressing liver fibrosis and inflammation.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective role of emodin in chemical-induced liver injury histopathological study in mice model","authors":"Hailah M. Almohaimeed, Waheeb S. Aggad, Rasha Assiri","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01200-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01200-1","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induces liver fibrosis, which can escalate to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study investigated emodin’s impact on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and inflammation in mice, along with its underlying mechanisms. While previous studies have acknowledged CCl4's role in liver fibrosis, the potential therapeutic value of emodin remains inadequately explored. The study sought to bridge this gap by assessing morphological changes and molecular mechanisms contributing to CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and investigating emodin's potential therapeutic effects. Thirty male albino rats were split into three groups (n = 10 each), undergoing an 8-week CCl4 regimen, supplemented by emodin during the final 2 weeks. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses were performed on liver tissues. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as enzyme-level assessments, exposed significant liver damage and elevated liver enzyme levels due to CCl4 exposure. In contrast, emodin administration resulted in reduced enzyme levels, indicating potential therapeutic benefits for liver function. Molecular analysis revealed increased mRNA expression of markers like SMAD4, α-SMA, TGF, MDA, Nrf2, and pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α due to CCl4. However, combined emodin and CCl4 treatment downregulated these genes and upregulated anti-inflammatory markers IL-1β and IL-10, alongside hepatic and cancer-specific markers like HNF-α, albumin, p53, and AFP. These findings suggest emodin as a therapeutic agent for mitigating CCl4-induced liver damage and inflammation. Emodin's regulation of the TGFβ/Smad4 pathway plays a pivotal role in attenuating liver fibrosis and inflammation caused by CCl4. Consequently, this study bridges the gap between animal studies and potential clinical applications, providing crucial insights for future therapeutic strategies addressing liver fibrosis and inflammation.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"12 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136234441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Preserving animal breeds is key to a country’s economy, environment and culture. The present study collects all the available information on the Massese sheep breed and analyzes their demo-genetic trends in Pisa since 1976. Data were provided by Asso.Na.Pa. Descriptive statistics were analysed using Jmp software. The pedigree parameters of a total of 10,393 animals (whole population-WP) were analyzed using CFC, ENDOG and Pedigree viewer software. Animals born in the last fifteen years represented the Reference Population (RP), while animals with one or two unknown parents constituted the Base Population (BP). Demographic results showed an inconstant trend of offspring registration in the Herd book with two periods of a dramatic decline in lamb registrations and a substantially short productivity with a mean number of registered newborns of 1.5 and 18.2 for ewes and rams, respectively. A total of 6456 animals represented the RP, of which only 1059 animals (16.4%) had both known parents. The BP consisted of 7156 animals, thus highlighting the lack of sire and dam registration which prevented an accurate evaluation of the genetic parameters. The average inbreeding coefficient in the WP was 0.78%, and 0.046% in the RP. The number of inbreds was 575 in the WP and 17 in the RP. The present study represents a tool for breeders and technicians aimed at conserving and exploiting the genetic resources of Massese sheep through efficient breeding plans.
{"title":"Massese sheep characteristics and demo-genetic trends in the province of Pisa (Italy)","authors":"Lorella Giuliotti, Maria Novella Benvenuti, Emilia Ventura, Pancrazio Fresi, Giovanna Preziuso, Francesca Cecchi","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01198-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01198-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Preserving animal breeds is key to a country’s economy, environment and culture. The present study collects all the available information on the Massese sheep breed and analyzes their demo-genetic trends in Pisa since 1976. Data were provided by Asso.Na.Pa. Descriptive statistics were analysed using Jmp software. The pedigree parameters of a total of 10,393 animals (whole population-WP) were analyzed using CFC, ENDOG and Pedigree viewer software. Animals born in the last fifteen years represented the Reference Population (RP), while animals with one or two unknown parents constituted the Base Population (BP). Demographic results showed an inconstant trend of offspring registration in the Herd book with two periods of a dramatic decline in lamb registrations and a substantially short productivity with a mean number of registered newborns of 1.5 and 18.2 for ewes and rams, respectively. A total of 6456 animals represented the RP, of which only 1059 animals (16.4%) had both known parents. The BP consisted of 7156 animals, thus highlighting the lack of sire and dam registration which prevented an accurate evaluation of the genetic parameters. The average inbreeding coefficient in the WP was 0.78%, and 0.046% in the RP. The number of inbreds was 575 in the WP and 17 in the RP. The present study represents a tool for breeders and technicians aimed at conserving and exploiting the genetic resources of Massese sheep through efficient breeding plans.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136032855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01195-9
Anıl Tevfik Koçer
Combustion of biomass wastes and solid biofuels obtained from them is a highly preferred and crucial topic in terms of both energy generation and disposal of wastes that cause environmental problems. The objective of this study was to examine the combustion behavior of Aloe vera leaf waste and its biochar samples and to determine the combustion kinetic parameters. The combustion behavior of this waste and biochars at temperatures between 25 and 800 °C and heating rates of 5, 10, 20 and 40 °C min–1 was investigated by thermogravimetric method. The combustion kinetic parameters of these samples were calculated using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunosa (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods. According to the results obtained, since the structure of biomass is more heterogeneous, their combustion mechanism is more complex than that of biochars. The combustion activation energy of Aloe vera wastes was calculated as approximately 285 kJ mol−1, while the activation energy of biochar was calculated as approximately 150 kJ mol−1. According to the kinetic and characterization results obtained, it has been understood that biochar samples are a very suitable source for combustion process and they can be evaluated in combustion or co-combustion systems in the future.
{"title":"A thermokinetic characterization study on combustion of solid biofuels from Aloe vera residue","authors":"Anıl Tevfik Koçer","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01195-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01195-9","url":null,"abstract":"Combustion of biomass wastes and solid biofuels obtained from them is a highly preferred and crucial topic in terms of both energy generation and disposal of wastes that cause environmental problems. The objective of this study was to examine the combustion behavior of Aloe vera leaf waste and its biochar samples and to determine the combustion kinetic parameters. The combustion behavior of this waste and biochars at temperatures between 25 and 800 °C and heating rates of 5, 10, 20 and 40 °C min–1 was investigated by thermogravimetric method. The combustion kinetic parameters of these samples were calculated using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunosa (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods. According to the results obtained, since the structure of biomass is more heterogeneous, their combustion mechanism is more complex than that of biochars. The combustion activation energy of Aloe vera wastes was calculated as approximately 285 kJ mol−1, while the activation energy of biochar was calculated as approximately 150 kJ mol−1. According to the kinetic and characterization results obtained, it has been understood that biochar samples are a very suitable source for combustion process and they can be evaluated in combustion or co-combustion systems in the future.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground-based magnetometer stations represent a multi-viewpoint and easy-to-access system for sounding Earth’s magnetic field disturbances in the inner magnetosphere. Using Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) measurements recorded from pairs of meridionally aligned stations, it is possible to determine the Field Line Resonance (FLR) frequencies, which are directly related to the equatorial magnetospheric plasma mass density. Recently, it has been shown by Foldes et al. (J Geophys Res 126(5):e2020JA029008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA029008 , 2021) that the Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are valuable tools for detecting FLRs by exploiting the useful information provided by cross-phase Fourier spectra, which are at the heart of the ULF technique for inferring the magnetospheric mass density. The main shortcoming of this approach is that it is not possible to discriminate between active and quiet times in terms of resonances. It is commonly known that detecting FLRs using cross-phase spectra may often be unfeasible due to data gaps, noisy signals, and/or quiescent ULF wave periods. To handle these situations, we implement an ML classification algorithm to identify periods when the resonance frequencies are observable and thus easily estimated. Our algorithm can distinguish samples into three main classes: periods with observed frequency (“Freq" class) from others (“NoFreq"), and, in addition, it can determine whether the considered field line crosses the plasmasphere boundary layer (PBL or plasmapause) at a given time. The results of our method are validated for a particular pair of stations (at $$L=2.9$$ ) along the Equatorial quasi-Meridional Magnetometer Array (EMMA), using a large dataset comprising different geomagnetic conditions. The proposed approach might be combined with a regression algorithm (such as those proposed in Foldes et al. (J Geophys Res 126(5):e2020JA029008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA029008 , 2021)) in a two-stage ML pipeline, with the ultimate goal of implementing a completely automated system for the real-time monitoring of the plasmasphere dynamics from ground-based magnetometer stations.
{"title":"Automatic detection of field line resonance frequencies in the Earth’s plasmasphere","authors":"Raffaello Foldes, Alfredo Del Corpo, Gianluca Napoletano, Ermanno Pietropaolo, Massimo Vellante","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01196-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01196-8","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-based magnetometer stations represent a multi-viewpoint and easy-to-access system for sounding Earth’s magnetic field disturbances in the inner magnetosphere. Using Ultra-Low Frequency (ULF) measurements recorded from pairs of meridionally aligned stations, it is possible to determine the Field Line Resonance (FLR) frequencies, which are directly related to the equatorial magnetospheric plasma mass density. Recently, it has been shown by Foldes et al. (J Geophys Res 126(5):e2020JA029008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA029008 , 2021) that the Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are valuable tools for detecting FLRs by exploiting the useful information provided by cross-phase Fourier spectra, which are at the heart of the ULF technique for inferring the magnetospheric mass density. The main shortcoming of this approach is that it is not possible to discriminate between active and quiet times in terms of resonances. It is commonly known that detecting FLRs using cross-phase spectra may often be unfeasible due to data gaps, noisy signals, and/or quiescent ULF wave periods. To handle these situations, we implement an ML classification algorithm to identify periods when the resonance frequencies are observable and thus easily estimated. Our algorithm can distinguish samples into three main classes: periods with observed frequency (“Freq\" class) from others (“NoFreq\"), and, in addition, it can determine whether the considered field line crosses the plasmasphere boundary layer (PBL or plasmapause) at a given time. The results of our method are validated for a particular pair of stations (at $$L=2.9$$ ) along the Equatorial quasi-Meridional Magnetometer Array (EMMA), using a large dataset comprising different geomagnetic conditions. The proposed approach might be combined with a regression algorithm (such as those proposed in Foldes et al. (J Geophys Res 126(5):e2020JA029008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA029008 , 2021)) in a two-stage ML pipeline, with the ultimate goal of implementing a completely automated system for the real-time monitoring of the plasmasphere dynamics from ground-based magnetometer stations.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135695885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01194-w
Tarek M. Galal, Fatma A. Gharib, Khalid H. Mansour, Manar A. Soliman
The current work evaluates the sequestration efficiency of five aquatic macrophytes for inorganic and organic nutrients in their biomass to restore eutrophic wetlands, besides their nutritive quality as animal fodder. Plant, water, and sediment samples were collected from two watercourses (Ismailia canal and Nahia drain) supporting the growth of each of five aquatic plants (Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus alopecuroides, Mentha longifolia, Typha domingensis, and Vossia cuspidata) for chemical analysis. Cyperus articulatus produced the highest biomass (1727.7 g m−2), while M. longifolia had the lowest (115.3 g m−2). The highest levels of N and P (19.20 and 13.20 mg g−1, respectively) were recorded in T. domingensis shoots, while the highest Mg and Na (14.30 and 0.19 mg g−1) were in its belowground tissues. Additionally, M. longifolia shoots had the highest concentrations of K and Ca (0.29 and 17.40 mg g−1). Cyperus articulatus had the highest carbohydrate content, but the lowest crude fiber (CF) and total protein (TP) in its belowground and aboveground tissues, respectively. Menth longifolia's shoot had the highest TP and lowest ash content, while its root had the highest ether extract (EE) concentration. Moreover, the root of T. domingensis had the highest ash content, while its shoot had the highest CF and the lowest nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The five aquatic plants can sequester large amounts of nutrients compared with other similar species. However, T. domingensis is the best plant for extracting most nutrients to restore eutrophic watercourses because it has the highest potential to store nutrients in its aboveground tissues per unit area. Moreover, the nutritional value of the aboveground parts of the five studied species lies within the range of sheep, goat, dairy cattle, and beef cattle forage quality.
本研究评估了5种水生植物对其生物量中无机和有机养分的吸收效率，以及它们作为动物饲料的营养品质。从两条河道(Ismailia运河和Nahia排水)收集了支持五种水生植物(Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus alopecuroides, Mentha longifolia, Typha domingensis和Vossia cuspidata)生长的植物，水和沉积物样本进行化学分析。沙柏生物量最高(1727.7 g m−2)，长叶沙柏生物量最低(115.3 g m−2)。土壤中氮、磷含量最高的部位是冬凌地上部(分别为19.20和13.20 mg g−1)，mg和Na含量最高的部位是地下组织(分别为14.30和0.19 mg g−1)。此外，长叶松枝条中钾和钙的浓度最高(分别为0.29和17.40 mg g - 1)。沙柏地下和地上组织碳水化合物含量最高，粗纤维(CF)和总蛋白质(TP)含量最低。长叶月月茎部TP含量最高，灰分含量最低，而根部EE含量最高。灰分含量最高的是冬青根，而CF含量最高的是冬青茎部，NFE含量最低。与其他类似物种相比，这五种水生植物可以吸收大量的营养物质。然而，由于其单位面积地上组织中营养物质的储存潜力最大，因此东方红是提取大部分营养物质以恢复富营养化河道的最佳植物。5种植物地上部分的营养价值均在绵羊、山羊、奶牛和肉牛的饲料质量范围内。
{"title":"Nutrient accumulation potential and nutritional value of some emergent macrophytes for restoration of eutrophic water bodies in Greater Cairo, Egypt","authors":"Tarek M. Galal, Fatma A. Gharib, Khalid H. Mansour, Manar A. Soliman","doi":"10.1007/s12210-023-01194-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-023-01194-w","url":null,"abstract":"The current work evaluates the sequestration efficiency of five aquatic macrophytes for inorganic and organic nutrients in their biomass to restore eutrophic wetlands, besides their nutritive quality as animal fodder. Plant, water, and sediment samples were collected from two watercourses (Ismailia canal and Nahia drain) supporting the growth of each of five aquatic plants (Cyperus articulatus, Cyperus alopecuroides, Mentha longifolia, Typha domingensis, and Vossia cuspidata) for chemical analysis. Cyperus articulatus produced the highest biomass (1727.7 g m−2), while M. longifolia had the lowest (115.3 g m−2). The highest levels of N and P (19.20 and 13.20 mg g−1, respectively) were recorded in T. domingensis shoots, while the highest Mg and Na (14.30 and 0.19 mg g−1) were in its belowground tissues. Additionally, M. longifolia shoots had the highest concentrations of K and Ca (0.29 and 17.40 mg g−1). Cyperus articulatus had the highest carbohydrate content, but the lowest crude fiber (CF) and total protein (TP) in its belowground and aboveground tissues, respectively. Menth longifolia's shoot had the highest TP and lowest ash content, while its root had the highest ether extract (EE) concentration. Moreover, the root of T. domingensis had the highest ash content, while its shoot had the highest CF and the lowest nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The five aquatic plants can sequester large amounts of nutrients compared with other similar species. However, T. domingensis is the best plant for extracting most nutrients to restore eutrophic watercourses because it has the highest potential to store nutrients in its aboveground tissues per unit area. Moreover, the nutritional value of the aboveground parts of the five studied species lies within the range of sheep, goat, dairy cattle, and beef cattle forage quality.","PeriodicalId":54501,"journal":{"name":"Rendiconti Lincei-Scienze Fisiche E Naturali","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136279794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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